Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Tung-Ying Chen, Horng-Woei Yang, Dar-Shong Lin, Zo-Darr Huang, Lung Chang
Summary: This study detected the presence of HIV and KSHV in HIV+ KS samples and classic KS controls using ddPCR and ISH techniques. The results demonstrated that HIV can infect CD34 (+) tumor cells and coexist with KSHV in KS.
Article
Oncology
Melitah Motlhale, Mazvita Muchengeti, Debbie Bradshaw, Wenlong Carl Chen, Mwiza Gideon Singini, Chantal Babb de Villiers, Cathryn M. M. Lewis, Noemi Bender, Christopher G. G. Mathew, Robert Newton, Tim Waterboer, Elvira Singh, Freddy Sitas
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infection, HIV-1 infection, and antiretroviral therapy (ART) rollout in South Africa. The findings show that KSHV seropositivity is higher in males and individuals with HIV, and lower in individuals with higher levels of education. KSHV seroprevalence decreases over time, coinciding with ART rollout and improvements in educational standards and hygiene.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2023)
Review
Otorhinolaryngology
Kendyl Barron, Ariel Omiunu, Joseph Celidonio, Alexandra Cruz-Mullane, Corina Din-Lovinescu, Maria Manuela Chemas-Velez, Soly Baredes, Jean Anderson Eloy, Christina H. Fang
Summary: This study provides a comprehensive review of laryngeal Kaposi sarcoma, including patient characteristics, treatment, and clinical outcomes. The study found that long-term outcomes were generally unfavorable, with most cases occurring in advanced HIV disease patients.
OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD AND NECK SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Dermatology
Jin-Yuan Ma, Jia-Wei Liu
Summary: This study reported a case of a 40-year-old man with AIDS-associated Kaposi sarcoma in the oral cavity, skin, and esophagus. After chemotherapy treatment, the lesions showed significant improvement.
CLINICAL COSMETIC AND INVESTIGATIONAL DERMATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Peter Julius, Guobin Kang, Stepfanie Siyumbwa, Jane Musumali, For Yue Tso, Owen Ngalamika, Trevor Kaile, Fred Maate, Phyllis Moonga, John T. West, Peter Angeletti, Charles Wood
Summary: This case report presents a rare occurrence of co-infection and co-localization of KSHV and EBV in KS arising from the conjunctiva. The possibility of interactions between these two viruses within the same lesion is indicated. Further study is needed to determine the prevalence of EBV co-infection in KS and its impact on KS development and progression.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Romain Palich, Alain Makinson, Marianne Veyri, Amelie Guihot, Marc-Antoine Valantin, Sylvie Bregigeon-Ronot, Isabelle Poizot-Martin, Caroline Solas, Sophie Grabar, Guillaume Martin-Blondel, Jean-Philippe Spano
Summary: With the advent of highly effective combined antiretroviral treatment (cART) and large-scale HIV testing programs, the burden of AIDS-related comorbidities has significantly decreased over time. The incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) has also been greatly reduced but remains the most common cancer in patients living with HIV. Some HIV patients on antiretroviral treatment may develop less aggressive forms of KS, which may require systemic chemotherapy.
Article
Immunology
Warren Phipps, Scott V. Adams, Peter Mooka, James Kafeero, Semei Sekitene, Dennis Mubiru, Janet Nankoma, Constance Namirembe, Lazarus Okoche, Elizabeth B. Namubiru, Shadiah Kayemba, Kelsey K. Baker, Mary W. Redman, Corey Casper, Jackson Orem, Edus H. Warren
Summary: This study aimed to understand the impact of HIV infection on Kaposi sarcoma (KS) patients and identify factors associated with survival and treatment response. Results showed low survival rates for both HIV-positive and HIV-negative KS patients, highlighting the need for new staging and therapeutic approaches.
Review
Virology
Blossom Damania, Dirk P. Dittmer
Summary: This review provides an overview of the diverse manifestations of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) under various circumstances. It discusses the historical background of KS and KS-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), highlights the clinical diversity of KS presentations, summarizes our understanding of the tumor's cell of origin, explores KSHV viral load as a potential biomarker for acute infections and KS-related complications, and discusses immune modulators that affect KSHV infection, persistence, and KS disease.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Razia Moorad, Edwards Kasonkanji, Joe Gumulira, Yolanda Gondwe, Morgan Dewey, Yue Pan, Alice Peng, Linda J. J. Pluta, Evaristar Kudowa, Richard Nyasosela, Tamiwe Tomoka, Hannock Tweya, Tom Heller, Salem Gugsa, Sam Phiri, Dominic T. T. Moore, Blossom Damania, Matthew Painschab, Mina C. C. Hosseinipour, Dirk P. P. Dittmer
Summary: A prospective cohort study in Malawi enrolled 122 HIV-positive KS patients and treated them with standard care. The one-year overall survival was 61%, progression-free survival was 58%, and the 48-week complete response rate was 35%. The study found that KS lesions can be differentiated into two types with different molecular compositions, suggesting heterogeneous clinical response to treatment and the development of KS in PLWH with well-controlled HIV infection.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Owen Ngalamika, Marie Claire Mukasine, Musonda Kawimbe, Faheema Vally
Summary: The study found that plasma levels of IL-5, IL-6, and IP-10 are associated with recurrence of HIV-associated KS, while persistently detectable HIV viral loads increase the risk of KS recurrence.
Editorial Material
Oncology
David H. Henry, Robert G. Maki
Summary: Lenalidomide has been found to be clinically effective in patients with human immunodeficiency virus-associated Kaposi sarcoma, providing another option for the treatment of this challenging neoplasm.
CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Ramya Ramaswami, Kathryn Lurain, Robert Yarchoan
Summary: Summary: "Clinical Oncology": HIV-associated Kaposi sarcoma (HIV+KS) is a persistent malignancy, particularly common in sub-Saharan Africa. The relapsing and remitting nature of the cancer can lead to significant long-term morbidity for patients, and concurrent diseases may contribute to mortality. T-cell-sparing options are important for the treatment of HIV+KS.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Amanda de Oliveira Lopes, Pedro do Nascimento Marinho, Leticia d'Ambrosio de Souza Medeiros, Vanessa Salete de Paula
Summary: Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is a virus containing oncogenes and proteins that play a crucial role in regulating cellular functions and leading to Kaposi's sarcoma. Some of these genes have the potential to be therapeutic targets for Kaposi's sarcoma.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Sara R. R. Privatt, Owen Ngalamika, Jianshui Zhang, Qinsheng Li, Charles Wood, John T. T. West
Summary: Despite the widespread use of ART and decreased HIV incidence, Kaposi Sarcoma (KS) remains highly prevalent in certain regions. Currently, there are no preventative measures or curative therapies for KS. A study has identified potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for KS based on transcriptomic profiles from KS lesions and validated the expression of certain glycoproteins in human KS lesions and KSHV-infected cell line-derived mouse xenografts.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Inmaculada P. Gomez, Maria Dolores P. Perez-Vazquez, David P. Tarrago
Summary: This study analyzed the diversity and distribution of HHV-8 subtypes in Spain. The results showed that genotypes A and C were the most common, with significant differences in subtype distribution observed in the Madrid region. Higher viral loads were found in subtype C2 compared to C3, while no significant subtype differences were observed within genotype A. The study suggests that HHV-8 infection may be underestimated and wider screening is recommended for at-risk groups.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Sara S. Kim, Jessie R. Chung, H. Keipp Talbot, Carlos G. Grijalva, Karen J. Wernli, Erika Kiniry, Emily T. Martin, Arnold S. Monto, Edward A. Belongia, Huong Q. McLean, Manjusha Gaglani, Mufaddal Mamawala, Mary Patricia Nowalk, Krissy Moehling Geffel, Sara Y. Tartof, Ana Florea, Justin S. Lee, Mark W. Tenforde, Manish M. Patel, Brendan Flannery
Summary: This study estimated the effectiveness of two and three doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines against symptomatic illness caused by the Delta and Omicron variants in US outpatient settings. The results showed that three doses of mRNA vaccines provided substantial protection against symptomatic illness when the Omicron variant became the predominant cause of COVID-19 in the United States. These findings support the recommendation for a third dose of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine.
INFLUENZA AND OTHER RESPIRATORY VIRUSES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Mahrukh Imran, Justin R. Ortiz, Huong Q. McLean, Lauren Fisher, Dan O'Brien, Machaon Bonafede, James A. Mansi, Constantina Boikos
Summary: This study examines the relative vaccine effectiveness of egg-based and mammalian cell-based quadrivalent influenza vaccines in children and adolescents. The results demonstrate that the mammalian cell-based vaccine is more effective in preventing influenza-related medical encounters compared to the egg-based vaccine.
PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Matthew F. Daley, Liza M. Reifler, Jo Ann Shoup, Jason M. Glanz, Allison L. Naleway, Michael L. Jackson, Simon J. Hambidge, Huong McLean, Elyse O. Kharbanda, Nicola P. Klein, Bruno J. Lewin, Eric S. Weintraub, Michael M. McNeil, Hilda Razzaghi, James A. Singleton
Summary: This study aimed to validate the accuracy of electronic health record (EHR)-based influenza vaccination data among pregnant women and assess the differences between survey respondents and nonrespondents in demographic characteristics and EHR-based vaccination status. The results showed that EHR-based influenza vaccination data were generally concordant with self-report, and new data sources and approaches may be needed to enhance influenza vaccination surveillance efforts.
PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Jessie R. Chung, Sara S. Kim, Brendan Flannery, Michael E. Smith, Kayan Dunnigan, Chandni Raiyani, Kempapura Murthy, Manjusha Gaglani, Michael L. Jackson, Lisa A. Jackson, Todd Bear, Krissy Moehling Geffel, Mary Patricia Nowalk, Richard K. Zimmerman, Emily T. Martin, Lois Lamerato, Huong Q. McLean, Jennifer P. King, Edward A. Belongia, Mark G. Thompson, Manish Patel
Summary: Influenza vaccines can mitigate illness severity in breakthrough infections, with vaccinated individuals feeling better at the time of presentation for care. However, their attenuation effect on mild/moderate influenza illnesses remains unclear.
Article
Immunology
Thomas G. Boyce, Ben Christianson, Kayla E. Hanson, Denise Dunn, Elizabeth Polter, Jeffrey J. VanWormer, Charnetta L. Williams, Edward A. Belongia, Huong Q. McLean
Summary: Studies have shown that adolescent vaccination rates with HPV and MenACWY vaccines are lower in rural areas of the U.S. than in urban areas. Factors such as parents' perception of vaccine importance and concerns about potential harm from the HPV vaccine are associated with the receipt of HPV and MenACWY vaccines among adolescents.
Article
Immunology
Mahrukh Imran, Justin R. Ortiz, Huong Q. McLean, Lauren Fisher, Dan O'Brien, Machaon Bonafede, James A. Mansi, Constantina Boikos
Summary: This study estimated the relative vaccine effectiveness of the mammalian cell-based quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV4c) compared to the standard-dose egg-based quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV4e) in preventing influenza-related medical encounters (IRMEs) in the 2019-2020 US influenza season. The results showed that adults vaccinated with IIV4c had a lower risk of IRMEs compared to those vaccinated with IIV4e, supporting IIV4c as a potentially more effective public health measure against influenza than egg-based vaccines.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Ashley M. Price, Brendan Flannery, H. Keipp Talbot, Carlos G. Grijalva, Karen J. Wernli, C. Hallie Phillips, Arnold S. Monto, Emily T. Martin, Edward A. Belongia, Huong Q. McLean, Manjusha Gaglani, Manohar Mutnal, Krissy Moehling Geffel, Mary Patricia Nowalk, Sara Y. Tartof, Ana Florea, Callie McLean, Sara S. Kim, Manish M. Patel, Jessie R. Chung
Summary: In the 2021-2022 season, influenza activity in the United States was mild enough to estimate the effectiveness of the influenza vaccine. Researchers found that the vaccine had an effectiveness of 36% against outpatient acute illness caused by A(H3N2) viruses.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Melissa A. Rolfes, H. Keipp Talbot, Huong Q. McLean, Melissa S. Stockwell, Katherine D. Ellingson, Karen Lutrick, Natalie M. Bowman, Emily E. Bendall, Ayla Bullock, James D. Chappell, Jessica E. Deyoe, Julie Gilbert, Natasha B. Halasa, Kimberly E. Hart, Sheroi Johnson, Ahra Kim, Adam S. Lauring, Jessica T. Lin, Christopher J. Lindsell, Son H. McLaren, Jennifer K. Meece, Alexandra M. Mellis, Miriana Moreno Zivanovich, Constance E. Ogokeh, Michelle Rodriguez, Ellen Sano, Raul A. Silverio A. Francisco, Jonathan E. Schmitz, Celibell Y. Vargas, Amy Yang, Yuwei Zhu, Edward A. Belongia, Carrie Reed, Carlos G. Grijalva
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a decrease in global influenza virus infections. However, there was an increased risk of influenza virus infection during the 2021-2022 influenza season due to loss of natural immunity and antigenic changes in circulating viruses.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Michael L. Jackson, C. Hallie Phillips, Stacie Wellwood, Erika Kiniry, Lisa A. Jackson, Emily T. Martin, Arnold S. Monto, Huong Q. McLean, Edward A. Belongia, Manjusha Gaglani, Kayan Dunnigan, Chandni Raiyani, Kempapura Murthy, Brendan Flannery, Jessie R. Chung
Summary: This study estimated the number of influenza cases averted by vaccination in four ambulatory care sites in the United States, and it found that influenza vaccines can still reduce ambulatory care visits for influenza even in seasons with low vaccine effectiveness.
Article
Immunology
Kayla E. Hanson, Mona Marin, Matthew F. Daley, Lisa A. Jackson, Lina S. Sy, Nicola P. Klein, Malini B. DeSilva, Lakshmi Panagiotakopoulos, Eric Weintraub, Edward A. Belongia, Huong Q. McLean, Holly C. Groom
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the safety of the measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR) in adolescents and adults. The results showed that serious adverse events after MMR were rare in this age group, but individuals should be informed about the potential occurrence of local and systemic non-serious adverse events.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Joshua G. Petrie, Jennifer P. King, David L. McClure, Melissa A. Rolfes, Jennifer K. Meece, David Pattinson, Gabriele Neumann, Yoshihiro Kawaoka, Edward A. Belongia, Huong Q. McLean
Summary: During the circulation of the Omicron variant virus, a monovalent COVID-19 mRNA booster vaccine showed significant protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection, but the effectiveness decreased over time. A second booster did not provide significant protection for adults aged 50 and above. Encouraging the uptake of recommended bivalent boosters is advised to enhance protection against the Omicron BA.4/BA.5 sublineages.
INFLUENZA AND OTHER RESPIRATORY VIRUSES
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Nicole Hood, Brendan Flannery, Manjusha Gaglani, Madhava Beeram, Karen Wernli, Michael L. Jackson, Emily T. Martin, Arnold S. Monto, Richard Zimmerman, Jonathan Raviotta, Edward A. Belongia, Huong Q. McLean, Sara Kim, Manish M. Patel, Jessie R. Chung
Summary: In a pooled analysis of 9 influenza seasons, the overall effectiveness of the influenza vaccine across all flu types/subtypes was 46%. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of the inactivated influenza vaccine against outpatient influenza illness in children over 9 influenza seasons. The results showed that the vaccine was most effective in children aged 6 months to 17 years.
Article
Virology
Linhui Hao, Tien-Ying Hsiang, Ronit R. Dalmat, Renee Ireton, Jennifer F. Morton, Caleb Stokes, Jason Netland, Malika Hale, Chris Thouvenel, Anna Wald, Nicholas M. Franko, Kristen Huden, Helen Y. Chu, Alex Sigal, Alex L. Greninger, Sasha Tilles, Lynn K. Barrett, Wesley C. Van Voorhis, Jennifer Munt, Trevor Scobey, Ralph S. Baric, David J. Rawlings, Marion Pepper, Paul K. Drain, Michael Gale
Summary: New variants of SARS-CoV-2 continue to emerge and evade immunity. Convalescence from the ancestral virus provides limited protection against variants. Vaccination enhances immunity against viral variants, but the protection is weaker against Omicron BA.1, and a three-dose vaccine regimen provides significantly better protection against it compared to a two-dose.
Editorial Material
Ethics
Tara M. Babu, Anna Wald
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOETHICS
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Eric P. Griggs, Brendan Flannery, Ivo M. Foppa, Manjusha Gaglani, Kempapura Murthy, Michael L. Jackson, Lisa A. Jackson, Edward A. Belongia, Huong Q. McLean, Emily T. Martin, Arnold S. Monto, Richard K. Zimmerman, Goundappa K. Balasubramani, Jessie R. Chung, Manish Patel
Summary: Timing of influenza infection among different age groups could reflect their relative contributions to seasonal epidemics, which has not been studied in ambulatory patients. The study found that different age groups may contribute differently to the spread of seasonal influenza, depending on the type and subtype of the influenza virus.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2022)