Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Yi-Hsuan Chen, Chi-Tai Fang, Ming-Chieh Shih, Kuan-Yin Lin, Shu-Sen Chang, Zong-Tai Wu, Yu-Yao Lee, Chang-Hsun Chen
Summary: The study found that routine HIV testing was associated with lower rates of late diagnosis, HIV-related mortality, and all-cause mortality compared to nonroutine testing based on individual risk assessment.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Barbara Rossetti, Massimiliano Fabbiani, Domenico Di Carlo, Francesca Incardona, Ana Abecasis, Perpetua Gomes, Anna Maria Geretti, Carole Seguin-Devaux, Federico Garcia, Rolf Kaiser, Sara Modica, Adrian Shallvari, Anders Sonnerborg, Maurizio Zazzi
Summary: This large multi-cohort study indicates high effectiveness of elvitegravir- or dolutegravir-based first-line ART in routine practice across Europe. Factors such as baseline viral load and CD4 cell count can affect the treatment outcomes.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Yann Ruffieux, Tafadzwa Dhokotera, Mazvita Muchengeti, Lina Bartels, Victor Olago, Julia Bohlius, Elvira Singh, Matthias Egger, Eliane Rohner
Summary: This study examined cancer incidence in adolescents and young adults living with HIV in South Africa from 2004 to 2014. The results showed that infection-related cancers were the most common types of cancer in this population, and their occurrence rates were higher with lower CD4 cell counts.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Christopher T. Andersen, Christopher P. Duggan, Karim Manji, George R. Seage, Donna Spiegelman, Nandita Perumal, Nzovu Ulenga, Wafaie W. Fawzi
Summary: This study found that iron supplementation in HIV-infected children may increase the risk of mortality and disease progression, while reducing the risk of anemia.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Youngji Jo, Lise Jamieson, Bevis Phiri, Anna Grimsrud, Muya Mwansa, Hilda Shakwelele, Prudence Haimbe, Mpande Mukumbwa-Mwenechanya, Priscilla Lumano Mulenga, Brooke E. Nichols, Sydney Rosen
Summary: To improve access and remove barriers to HIV treatment, many sub-Saharan Africa countries are implementing differentiated service delivery (DSD) models. This study assessed factors associated with attrition after enrollment in DSD models in Zambia, focusing on patient-level characteristics. The results showed that nearly all DSD models out-performed conventional care in terms of retention.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Na Wang, Guanghua Lan, Qiuying Zhu, Huanhuan Chen, Jinghua Huang, Qin Meng, Zhiyong Shen, Shujia Liang, Xiuling Wu, Liuhong Luo, Rongyi Ye, Jinli Chen, Shengkui Tan, Hui Xing, Yiming Shao, Yuhua Ruan, Mei Lin
Summary: In Guangxi, China, nonstudent youths living with HIV are more likely to have a low CD4 count at HIV diagnosis, delayed ART initiation, and increased risk of death and virologic failure compared to student youths living with HIV.
JMIR PUBLIC HEALTH AND SURVEILLANCE
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jing Ma, Yan Jin, Kedi Jiao, Yao Wang, Lijie Gao, Xinrui Li, Wei Ma
Summary: Treatment interruption is relatively prevalent among HIV-positive adults in Jinan, China, and assessing socioeconomic status at treatment initiation is important. While almost half of the interrupters returned to care within 16 weeks, further measures are needed to reduce long-term interruptions and maximize the resumption of care as soon as possible to avoid adverse clinical events.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Joseph Paez Chavez, Karunia Putra Wijaya, Carla M. A. Pinto, Clara Burgos-Simon
Summary: Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease characterized by insufficient production of insulin. This paper proposes a cell model to explain the development of T1D in HIV-infected individuals during immune restoration and antiretroviral therapy. The study verifies theoretical predictions through numerical simulations and establishes accurate parameter thresholds for effective disease treatment.
CHAOS SOLITONS & FRACTALS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ines Mendoza, Alicia Lazaro, Alfredo Espinosa, Lorenzo Sanchez, Ana Maria Horta, Miguel Torralba
Summary: This study shows that dolutegravir plus lamivudine (2-DR) is not as effective as bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (3-DR) in treating HIV-1. However, the durability and safety of 2-DR are similar to 3-DR.
Article
Immunology
Marius Zeeb, Burcu Tepekule, Katharina Kusejko, Claudine Reiber, Marisa Kalin, Lena Bartl, Julia Notter, Hansjakob Furrer, Matthias Hoffmann, Hans H. Hirsch, Alexandra Calmy, Matthias Cavassini, Niklaus D. Labhardt, Enos Bernasconi, Dominique L. Braun, Huldrych F. Gunthard, Roger D. Kouyos, Johannes Nemeth
Summary: The incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in people with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is decreasing in Switzerland, primarily due to the control of HIV-1 infection and immune system restoration, in addition to TB-specific prevention measures.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Stefano Rinaldi, Lesley de Armas, Sara Dominguez-Rodriguez, Suresh Pallikkuth, Vinh Dinh, Li Pan, Kathleen Gartner, Rajendra Pahwa, Nicola Cotugno, Pablo Rojo, Eleni Nastouli, Nigel Klein, Caroline Foster, Anita De Rossi, Carlo Giaquinto, Paolo Rossi, Paolo Palma
Summary: The study highlights the association between T cell phenotypic signatures and the size of the latent HIV reservoir, with frequencies of PD-1+ and TIGIT+ CD4 T cells positively correlating with HIV DNA levels, while frequencies of HIV-specific CD4 T cells negatively correlate. These findings provide important insights into the mechanism of viral persistence and potential therapeutic targets.
Article
Immunology
Collin F. Payne, Brian Houle, Chido Chinogurei, Carlos Riumallo Herl, Chodziwadziwa Whiteson Kabudula, Lindsay C. Kobayashi, Joshua A. Salomon, Jennifer Manne-Goehler
Summary: Based on data from the HAALSI study in South Africa, we found significant differences in remaining life expectancy and disability-free life expectancy (DFLE) based on HIV status and viral suppression. These results highlight the tremendous benefits of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for population health in high HIV-prevalence contexts and emphasize the ongoing importance of making ART treatment accessible to aging populations.
Article
Immunology
Elisabeth Deutschmann, Heiner C. Bucher, Steffen Jaeckel, Sara Gibbons, Katie McAllister, Alexandra U. Scherrer, Dominique L. Braun, Matthias Cavassini, Anna Hachfeld, Alexandra Calmy, Manuel Battegay, Michela Cipriani, Luigia Elzi, James Young, Beatriz Lopez-Centeno, Juan Berenguer, Saye Khoo, Giusi Moffa, Catia Marzolini
Summary: The prevalence of potential drug-drug interactions (PDDIs) between antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) and co-medications in HIV-positive individuals using HIV integrase inhibitors (INIs) decreased in 2018 compared to 2008. Despite fewer individuals receiving boosted regimens and NNRTIs, the aging population and increasing needs for co-medications contributed to impeding lower rates of PDDIs.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rachel D. Stelmach, Miriam Rabkin, Kouame Abo, Irma Ahoba, Mahena Gildas Anago, Rodrigo Boccanera, Hermann Brou, Rebecca Flueckiger, Kieran Hartsough, Martin Msukwa, Jennifer Zech, Felicity Young, Rachel Nugent
Summary: Despite the availability of free ART in Cote d'Ivoire, most participants still reported out-of-pocket spending on health care, with those with co-morbid NCDs experiencing higher costs.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Ivan Lumu, Joseph Musaazi, Aggrey Semeere, Ian Handel, Barbara Castelnuovo
Summary: This retrospective cohort analysis examined the survival and predictors of all-cause mortality after completing TB treatment among ART-experienced patients in Uganda. The study found that patients with a low CD4 count and a history of retreatment had an increased risk of mortality. Therefore, detailed assessment and close monitoring are needed after completion of TB treatment.
BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Sarah Fidler, Julie Fox, Timothy Tipoe, Stephanie Longet, Tom Tipton, Movin Abeywickrema, Sandra Adele, Jasmini Alagaratnam, Mohammad Ali, Parvinder K. Aley, Suhail Aslam, Anbhu Balasubramanian, Anna Bara, Tanveer Bawa, Anthony Brown, Helen Brown, Federica Cappuccini, Sophie Davies, Jamie Fowler, Leila Godfrey, Anna L. Goodman, Kathrine Hilario, Carl-Philipp Hackstein, Moncy Mathew, Yama F. Mujadidi, Alice Packham, Claire Petersen, Emma Plested, Katrina M. Pollock, Maheshi N. Ramasamy, Hannah Robinson, Nicola Robinson, Patpong Rongkard, Helen Sanders, Teona Serafimova, Niamh Spence, Anele Waters, Danielle Woods, Panagiota Zacharopoulou, Eleanor Barnes, Susanna Dunachie, Philip Goulder, Paul Klenerman, Alan Winston, Adrian V. S. Hill, Sarah C. Gilbert, Miles Carroll, Andrew J. Pollard, Teresa Lambe, Ane Ogbe, John Frater
Summary: People with HIV on antiretroviral therapy and good CD4 T-cell counts can generate effective immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 after vaccination. A third vaccine dose can significantly enhance B- and T-cell immunity, including responses to known variants of concern.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Clara Calvert, Jade Carruthers, Cheryl Denny, Jack Donaghy, Lisa E. M. Hopcroft, Leanne Hopkins, Anna Goulding, Laura Lindsay, Terry McLaughlin, Emily Moore, Bob Taylor, Maria Loane, Helen Dolk, Joan Morris, Bonnie Auyeung, Krishnan Bhaskaran, Cheryl L. Gibbons, Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi, Maureen O'Leary, David McAllister, Ting Shi, Colin R. Simpson, Chris Robertson, Aziz Sheikh, Sarah J. Stock, Rachael Wood
Summary: This study using electronic health records from Scotland found no increased risk of congenital anomalies associated with COVID-19 vaccination or SARS-CoV-2 infection during early pregnancy.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
William J. Hulme, Elizabeth Williamson, Elsie M. F. Horne, Amelia Green, Helen I. I. McDonald, Alex J. J. Walker, Helen J. J. Curtis, Caroline E. Morton, Brian MacKenna, Richard Croker, Amir Mehrkar, Seb Bacon, David Evans, Peter Inglesby, Simon Davy, Krishnan Bhaskaran, Anna Schultze, Christopher T. Rentsch, Laurie Tomlinson, Ian J. Douglas, Stephen J. W. Evans, Liam Smeeth, Tom Palmer, Ben Goldacre, Miguel A. Hernan, Jonathan A. C. Sterne
Summary: The COVID-19 vaccines were developed and evaluated through randomized trials, but important questions remain unanswered. Observational studies and target trial emulation can provide valuable insights, although potential biases need to be managed. This article presents two approaches to emulate target trials using observational data.
ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Robbie Hammond, Valentina Cambiano, Fiona C. Lampe, David Asboe, Amanda Clarke, Richard Gilson, Graham J. Hart, Ada Rose Miltz, Nneka Nwokolo, Anne M. Johnson, Andrew N. Phillips, Andrew Speakman, Gary Whitlock, Alison Rodger, Janey Sewell
Summary: A longitudinal study on 622 men who have sex with men (MSM) found that factors such as age, unemployment, smoking, recent condomless sex, recent STI, and postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) use were associated with starting chemsex. On the other hand, age over 40, condomless sex, and use of PEP and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) were associated with lower likelihood of stopping chemsex. These findings can help identify individuals at high risk of starting chemsex and provide an opportunity for sexual health services to intervene with risk reduction measures, especially PrEP.
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Sarah Beale, Susan Hoskins, Thomas Byrne, Wing Lam Erica Fong, Ellen Fragaszy, Cyril Geismar, Jana Kovar, Annalan M. D. Navaratnam, Vincent Nguyen, Parth Patel, Alexei Yavlinsky, Anne Johnson, Martie Van Tongeren, Robert Aldridge, Andrew Hayward
Summary: This study investigated the differences in infection risk among occupational groups in England and Wales up to April 2022, taking into account potential confounders and pandemic phases. The results showed that nurses, doctors, carers, primary and secondary school teachers, and teaching support occupations had a higher risk of infection. However, the risk varied over different phases. Therefore, further research is needed to understand the workplace factors contributing to elevated risk.
JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL MEDICINE AND TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Samuel M. Brown, Christina E. Barkauskas, Birgit Grund, Shweta Sharma, Andrew N. Phillips, Lindsay Leither, Ithan Peltan, Michael Lanspa, Daniel L. Gilstrap, Ahmad Mourad, Kathleen Lane, Jeremy R. Beitler, Alexis L. Serra, Ivan Garcia, Eyad Almasri, Mohamed Fayed, Kinsley Hubel, Estelle S. Harris, Elizabeth A. Middleton, Macy A. G. Barrios, Kusum S. Mathews, Neha N. Goel, Samuel Acquah, Jarrod Mosier, Cameron Hypes, Elizabeth Salvagio Campbell, Akram Khan, Catherine L. Hough, Jennifer G. Wilson, Joseph E. Levitt, Abhijit Duggal, Siddharth Dugar, Andrew J. Goodwin, Charles Terry, Peter Chen, Sam Torbati, Nithya Iyer, Uriel S. Sandkovsky, Nicholas J. Johnson, Bryce R. H. Robinson, Michaela Matthay, Neil Raggarwal, Ivors Douglas, Jonathan Casey, Manuel Hache-Marliere, J. Georges Youssef, William Nkemdirim, Brad Leshnower, Omar Awan, Sonal Pannu, Darragh Shane O'Mahony, Prasad Manian, J. W. Awori Hayanga, Glenn W. Wortmann, Bruno M. Tomazini, Robert F. Miller, Jens-Ulrik Jensen, Daniel Murray, Nina A. Bickell, Jigna Zatakia, Sarah Burris, Elizabeth S. Higgs, Ven Natarajan, Robin L. Dewar, Adam Schechner, Nayon Kang, Alejandro Arenas-Pinto, Fleur Hudson, Adit A. Ginde, Wesley H. Self, Angela J. Rogers, Cathryn F. Oldmixon, Haley Morin, Adriana Sanchez, Amy C. Weintrob, Alexandre Biasi Cavalcanti, Anne Davis-Karim, Nicole Engen, Eileen Denning, B. Taylor Thompson, Annetine C. Gelijns, Virginia Kan, Victoria J. Davey, Jens Lundgren, Abdel G. Babiker, James Neaton, H. Clifford Lane
Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy of aviptadil in treating acute hypoxemic respiratory failure in COVID-19 patients. The results showed no significant difference in the primary efficacy outcome at day 90 compared to placebo, and there was also no significant difference in mortality between the two groups. The incidence of adverse events was similar in the aviptadil and placebo groups.
LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Jose R. Castillo-Mancilla, Mary Morrow, Peter W. Hunt, Samuel R. Schnittman, Andrew N. Phillips, Jason Baker, Jessica E. Haberer, Maria Joao Janeiro, Filipa Aragao, Cal Cohen, Nicholas Musinguzi, Todd T. Brown, Matthias Cavassini, Tracy R. Glass, Sergio Serrano-Villar, Samantha Mawhinney, Mark Siedner
Summary: Incomplete antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence has been linked to adverse outcomes in people with HIV. The impact of improving adherence on the risk of severe non-AIDS events (SNAEs) and death is unknown.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
T. Charles Witzel, Emily Jay Nicholls, Leanne McCabe, Peter Weatherburn, Sheena McCormack, Christopher Bonell, Mitzy Gafos, Fiona C. Lampe, Andrew Speakman, David Dunn, Denise Ward, Andrew N. Phillips, Roger Pebody, Michelle M. Gabriel, Yolanda Collaco-Moraes, Alison J. Rodger, Fiona M. Burns
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between HIV self-testing (HIVST) and harm. The findings show that harms in HIVST are rare, with the potential sources of harm being the testing kit itself, the intervention measures, or the social context of the participants.
SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Laura Lindsay, Clara Calvert, Ting Shi, Jade Carruthers, Cheryl Denny, Jack Donaghy, Lisa E. M. Hopcroft, Leanne Hopkins, Anna Goulding, Terry Mclaughlin, Emily Moore, Bob Taylor, Krishnan Bhaskaran, Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi, Ronan Mccabe, Colin Mccowan, Colin R. Simpson, Chris Robertson, Aziz Sheikh, Rachael Wood, Sarah J. Stock
Summary: This study investigates the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy on neonatal and maternal outcomes. The findings suggest that infection is associated with adverse outcomes such as preterm birth and maternal morbidity, while vaccination does not increase the risk of any adverse outcomes. Therefore, COVID-19 vaccination is considered safe for pregnant women.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Lauren Greenberg, Lene Ryom, Elzbieta Bakowska, Ferdinand C. Wit, Heiner C. L. Bucher, Dominique L. Braun, Andrew Phillips, Caroline Sabin, Antonella d'Arminio Monforte, Robert Zangerle, Colette Smith, Stephane De Wit, Fabrice Bonnet, Christian Pradier, Cristina Mussini, Camilla Muccini, Joerg J. Vehreschild, Jennifer Hoy, Veronica M. Svedhem, Jose M. Miro, Jan-Christian Wasmuth, Peter M. Reiss, Josep M. Llibre, Nikoloz Chkhartishvili, Christoph I. Stephan, Camilla Hatleberg, Bastian Neesgaard, Lars Peters, Nadine Jaschinski, Nikos Dedes, Elena Kuzovatova, Marc Van Der Valk, Marianna Menozzi, Clara Lehmann, Kathy Petoumenos, Harmony Garges, Jim Rooney, Lital D. Young, Jens D. Lundgren, Loveleen Bansi-Matharu, Amanda Mocroft, RESPOND D A D Study Grp
Summary: Cancer incidence rates remained stable overall from 2006 to 2021, but there were changes in the rates of specific types of cancer among people with HIV. AIDS-defining cancers and infection-related cancers decreased, while non-AIDS-defining cancers, smoking-related cancers, and BMI-related cancers increased. These findings emphasize the importance of prevention strategies for reducing the incidence of non-AIDS-defining cancers, smoking-related cancers, and BMI-related cancers.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Christopher T. Rentsch, Victoria Gar, Rohini Mathur, Sophie V. Eastwood, Liam Smeeth, Nish Chaturvedi, Krishnan Bhaskaran
Summary: Sex-specific risks for incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) across the full glycemic spectrum were examined. Both men and women with pre-diabetes, undiagnosed diabetes, and diagnosed diabetes were at higher risks of CVD than those with normal glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), with relative increases more pronounced in women. Modifiable factors, such as obesity and the use of antihypertensive and statin medications, largely explained the excess risks in both men and women. Attention to weight reduction strategies and greater use of antihypertensive and statin medications could reduce sex disparities in risk of CVD among people with and without diabetes.
LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-EUROPE
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Maria Ruperez, Kwame Shanaube, Linda Mureithi, Chali Wapamesa, Michael J. Burnett, Barry Kosloff, Petra de Haas, Richard Hayes, Sarah Fidler, Thomas Gachie, Albertus Schaap, Sian Floyd, Eveline Klinkenberg, Helen Ayles
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the performance of a point-of-care C-reactive protein test for tuberculosis screening in high-burden countries. By conducting a tuberculosis prevalence survey, we calculated the sensitivity and specificity of C-reactive protein testing combined with symptom screening. The results showed that C-reactive protein testing alone does not meet the sensitivity requirement of 90% stipulated by WHO, but when combined with symptom screening, it may improve the identification of individuals with tuberculosis in communities with high prevalence, especially where recommended tools are not readily available.
LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jakub Kopycinski, Hongbing Yang, Gemma Hancock, Matthew Pace, Ellen Kim, John Frater, Wolfgang Stohr, Tomas Hanke, Sarah Fidler, Lucy Dorrell
Summary: The "kick and kill" cure strategy aims to eliminate HIV-infected cells by inducing HIV protein expression and triggering immune responses. In a trial involving individuals with primary HIV infection, therapeutic vaccination along with antiretroviral therapy showed increased virus-specific immune responses, similar to those seen in HIV controllers.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Michael Evangeli, Caroline Foster, Victor Musiime, Sarah Fidler, Janet Seeley, Graham Frize, Annette Uwizera, Joseph Price
Summary: HIV remains a significant public health issue among young adults living in Uganda. This study aimed to develop reliable and valid measures for assessing psychological and behavioral constructs related to important outcomes for this population. The measures showed acceptable reliability, and some had preliminary evidence of validity, suggesting their potential use in research and clinical contexts for young adults living with perinatally acquired HIV in Uganda.
Article
Health Policy & Services
Caroline A. Sabin, Hajra Okhai, Rageshri Dhairyawan, Katharina Haag, Fiona Burns, Richard Gilson, Lorraine Sherr, Shema Tariq
Summary: As women with HIV age, the proportion of them experiencing menopause and associated pain is increasing. This study found that peri-menopausal status, smoking, comorbid conditions, and longer duration of HIV were independently associated with increased reported pain, while being in full-time work and having enough money for basic needs were associated with decreased pain reporting. Increasing pain was also related to insomnia symptoms and severe depressive symptoms. The findings emphasize the importance of addressing pain history and symptoms to improve overall well-being.
AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV
(2023)
