Article
Environmental Sciences
Yuchen Du, Biplob Kumar Pramanik, Yang Zhang, Veeriah Jegatheesan
Summary: Modelling the removal of monovalent and divalent ions from seawater via nanofiltration is essential for seawater reverse osmosis pre-treatment. The impact of membrane thickness on neutral solute removal and rejection rates of monovalent and divalent salts were analyzed in this study. It was found that membrane thickness significantly affects rejection rates, especially for uncharged solutes within a specific range. The calculation method for the Peclet number should be chosen appropriately based on applied pressure to accurately model membrane separation performance.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Valentina Biagioni, Alpha L. Sow, Alessandra Adrover, Stefano Cerbelli
Summary: Microcapillary hydrodynamic chromatography is a technique for size-based separation, utilizing hindrance effects and improved device design for performance enhancement, with potential for extension to multistage structures.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Hong Huang, Remzi Can Samsun, Ralf Peters, Detlef Stolten
Summary: Membrane reactors have great potential for enabling thermodynamically limited reactions, but current research lacks a quantified analysis of membrane selection and matching. In this study, dimensionless numbers are introduced and a relationship for equilibrium constant-conversion-dimensionless numbers is developed for membrane reactors. The compatibility of reaction kinetics, permeation flux, and reactor geometry characteristics is analyzed through calculations and simulations. The derived relationships provide insights for membrane selection and matching prior to detailed designs.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Kevin Cronin, Nicolas Malterre, Carlos Eduardo Comerlatto, Aiden Sheehan
Summary: This study examines the residence time of spherical particles falling in stationary, Newtonian liquids. Variation in residence time is caused by the Log-Normal distribution of particle diameter and fluctuations in particle velocity due to particle-fluid interaction. Experiments were conducted at different Reynolds numbers using various particle-liquid systems to observe this phenomenon. A novel expression is developed using probability theory to quantify the simultaneous effects of both particle diameter dispersion and irregular particle motion on residence time. This approach provides new insights into settling behavior and can be used to improve residence time uniformity.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Nur Syahirah Suhalim, Norherdawati Kasim, Ebrahim Mahmoudi, Intan Juliana Shamsudin, Abdul Wahab Mohammad, Fathiah Mohamed Zuki, Nor Laili-Azua Jamari
Summary: Nanofiltration technology is an effective solution for heavy metal-induced water pollution, with advantages of small footprint and low energy consumption. However, the rejection mechanisms of NF membranes are complex, posing challenges for novice researchers.
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Jun Wang, Mingjun Pang, Fengxia Lv
Summary: In this study, the hydrodynamic characteristics of a bubble contaminated by surfactants were numerically investigated. The results show that as the Langmuir number increases, the bubble with excessive pollution loses its two-dimensional axisymmetric characteristics. Additionally, it was found that the effect of surfactant contamination on the hydrodynamic characteristics of the bubble is not significant when the Peclet number is small.
MICROGRAVITY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
Xiao-tong Ma, Ming-bo Li, Chao Sun
Summary: In this work, a nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) system is developed to track and size bulk nanobubbles and Brownian diffusing particles. The NTA is capable of characterizing nanoparticles and detecting polydisperse nanoparticle populations. The nucleation and thermodynamic stability of bulk nanobubbles are studied, with the size of the nanobubbles found to be influenced by ultrasound cavitation treatment time and amplitude as well as temperature.
JOURNAL OF HYDRODYNAMICS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Frantisek Slanina, Miroslav Kotrla
Summary: The system of driven dense colloid mixtures in different geometries was studied. Diffusion coefficients and mobilities of each particle type were calculated using a mean-field-type approximation. Nonlinear diffusion equations were solved, and it was found that the Brazil nut phenomenon appeared commonly in mixtures. The ratchet current and the capability of sorting particles according to their size were investigated, and the possibility of perfect separation was explained to be caused by the Brazil nut effect.
Article
Reproductive Biology
Kinga Kaminska, Kasun Godakumara, Bianka Swiderska, Agata Malinowska, Getnet Midekessa, Kamila Sofinska, Jakub Barbasz, Alireza Fazeli, Malgorzata Grzesiak
Summary: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound nanoparticles released by different cell types, playing a crucial role in intercellular communication by carrying various biomolecular compounds. This study assessed the use of size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) for effectively isolating EVs from porcine ovarian follicular fluid. The characterization of EVs was performed using multiple techniques, and the results showed that SEC is an effective method for isolating and studying EVs from porcine follicular fluid, providing opportunities for further functional analyses such as proteomics.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Valentina Biagioni, Stefano Cerbelli
Summary: Open-channel hydrodynamic chromatography (OC-HDC) is a niche technique for determining the size distribution of particle suspensions. It faces challenges due to the low eluent velocity, but triggering cross-sectional vortices can help reduce the adverse effects and enhance separation efficiency.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
E. S. Hecht, E. C. Obiorah, L. Morrison, H. Shion, M. Lauber
Summary: The study compared the performance of different materials for online SEC native MS studies in small bore formats, finding that using alternative materials significantly improved detection sensitivity and shortened run times. Coupling small bore columns with multichannel microflow emitters led to substantial gains in MS sensitivity, allowing for the detection of molecules at lower concentrations.
JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Kailin Chen, Jingwei Wu, A. L. Yarin
Summary: Nonwoven fibrous filter membranes are widely used in filtration due to their low cost. However, they are not effective in intercepting particles as small as the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) virus. This study proposes a novel approach to enhance the performance of filtration membranes by reducing fiber size and coating fibers with metal. Experimental results show that this method improves filtration efficiency by incorporating van der Waals forces and electric Coulomb forces. The membrane combining both forces is almost four times more effective than a comparable membrane without the electric force.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Christopher V. V. Henri, Efstathios Diamantopoulos
Summary: The physical properties of soils exhibit significant heterogeneity, and this spatial variability has a profound impact on conservative transport, although it is still not fully understood. Molecular diffusion, often overlooked, can have a counter-intuitive effect on transport by preventing non-Fickian tailing. This study focuses on macroscopically homogeneous soils with small-scale heterogeneity and analyzes the dynamic control of soil heterogeneity, advection, and diffusion on transport. Diffusion and its tortuosity-dependent spatial variability are found to have a significant impact on overall transport. The study highlights the complex interplay between soil heterogeneity, advection, and diffusion in transport and emphasizes the challenges of upscaling when the spatial variability of these key processes cannot be properly described.
WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Kun Yin, Meijuan Zhao, Li Lin, Yingwen Chen, Shanqing Huang, Chun Zhu, Xuan Liang, Fanghe Lin, Haopai Wei, Huimin Zeng, Zhi Zhu, Jia Song, Chaoyong Yang
Summary: Wellpaired-seq utilizes the principles of size exclusion and quasi-static hydrodynamics to improve the capture efficiency of single-cell RNA sequencing. By designing a dual well structure, it achieves high efficiency in capturing cells and beads. The technical performance of Wellpaired-seq is demonstrated by successfully revealing the heterogeneity of single cells and showing its wide applicability in basic and clinical research through transcriptome data collection from 21 samples consisting of approximately 200,000 cells.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Sung Ho Chae, Hojung Rho, Seokyoon Moon
Summary: This study investigated the effects of intrinsic membrane parameters on dilutive external concentration polarization during forward osmosis and pressure-retarded osmosis processes. It emphasizes the importance of reducing solute permeability for membrane optimization.
