Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
P. R. Hargreaves, K. L. Baker, A. Graceson, S. A. F. Bonnett, B. C. Ball, J. M. Cloy
Summary: Grassland accounts for 70% of the global agricultural area, with N-fertilised grassland increasing productivity but also leading to higher emissions of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). Soil compaction can result in impeded water movement, favoring N2O production and emissions.
AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Agronomy
Amanuel W. Gebremichael, Niharika Rahman, Dominika J. Krol, Patrick J. Forrestal, Gary J. Lanigan, Karl G. Richards
Summary: This study investigated the effects of different N-P-K compound fertilisers on N2O emissions, yield, and NUE in temperate grassland. Results suggest that ammonium-based compound fertilisers have the potential to reduce N2O emissions while maintaining yields. Further long-term studies are needed to fully understand the variations in N2O emissions from nitrate and ammonium-based compound fertiliser applications.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Saoirse Cummins, John A. Finn, Karl G. Richards, Gary J. Lanigan, Guylain Grange, Caroline Brophy, Laura M. Cardenas, Tom H. Misselbrook, Christopher K. Reynolds, Dominika J. Krol
Summary: The field experiment showed that multispecies grasslands have the potential to reduce both N2O emissions and emissions intensities, contributing to the sustainability of grassland production.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jiaqiang Liao, Yuanyuan Huang, Zhaolei Li, Shuli Niu
Summary: This study generated a global map of terrestrial soil N2O emissions based on field observations and quantified the contribution of different variables for predicting global variation of N2O emissions. The results showed that previous models may have overestimated global soil N2O emission rates and highlighted the importance of global field observations in N2O emission estimation.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Agronomy
R. M. Murphy, K. G. Richards, D. J. Krol, A. W. Gebremichael, L. Lopez-Sangil, J. Rambaud, N. Cowan, G. J. Lanigan, M. Saunders
Summary: This study investigates the spatial and temporal variability of N2O emissions using both static chambers (CH) and eddy covariance (EC) techniques. It finds that hotspots and hot moments of N2O emissions are sensitive to changes in agricultural management and weather, making accurate quantification difficult. The study also suggests that Bayesian statistics are an appropriate method for estimating realistic means and ranges of uncertainty for CH flux datasets.
AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Iris Feigenwinter, Lukas Hortnagl, Nina Buchmann
Summary: This study investigated the drivers of net ecosystem N2O and CH4 fluxes in a temperate grassland and found that reducing nitrogen fertilizer application and increasing the proportion of leguminous plants are effective measures to reduce N2O emissions.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Agronomy
Jong-Mun Lee, Do-Gyun Park, Seong-Su Kang, Eun-Jung Choi, Hyo-Suk Gwon, Hyoung-Seok Lee, Sun-Il Lee
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of biochar application on soil organic carbon improvement and greenhouse gas reduction in different soil characteristics. The results showed that biochar application significantly increased soil organic carbon in all soils, with the highest rate of increase in poor soil. Barley straw biochar effectively reduced N2O emissions, while poultry manure biochar improved SOC and reduced N2O emissions in poor soil.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Lei Song, Junxiao Pan, Jinsong Wang, Yingjie Yan, Shuli Niu
Summary: Increasing nitrogen deposition leads to linear increases in total N2O (N2OT) and nitrification-derived N2O (N2On) emissions, but linear decreases in denitrification-derived N2O (N2Od) emissions at different soil depths. N2On emissions are positively correlated with the proportion of N2On emitted from nitrification, while N2Od emissions are positively correlated with the abundance of narG and nirS genes. These findings provide insight into the mechanisms of N2OT emissions and emphasize the importance of considering different N transformation processes in predicting N2OT emissions in the context of enhanced N deposition.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Milagros Ginebra, Cristina Munoz, Roberto Calvelo-Pereira, Marcelo Doussoulin, Erick Zagal
Summary: Research on the impact of four biochars on soil properties, forage productivity, and greenhouse gas emissions reveals that different biochars can increase soil pH and total carbon content, promoting sorghum yield. Wood residue-derived biochar can reduce soil N2O emissions, while manure-derived biochar has potential in circular economy livestock systems.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Ralph J. M. Temmink, Marloes van den Akker, Bjorn J. M. Robroek, Peter M. J. M. Cruijsen, Annelies J. Veraart, Sarian Kosten, Roy C. J. H. Peters, Germa M. Verheggen-Kleinheerenbrink, Aniek W. Roelofs, Xiomara van Eek, Elisabeth S. Bakker, Leon P. M. Lamers
Summary: Restoring degraded ecosystems by constructing new ones is a novel approach. The development of these novel ecosystems is influenced by pre-construction hydrogeophysical and ecological conditions. Water level and bioturbation play important roles in influencing soil characteristics, which in turn affect vegetation development.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yuanyuan Feng, Haiyan Du, Triana Wulandari, Gerrard Eddy Jai Poinern, Zhong-Tao Jiang, Derek Fawcett, Naveed Hassan, Lihong Xue, Linzhang Yang
Summary: This study investigates the effects and mechanisms of waste biomass-derived hydrochar on soil N2O effluxes. The results show that the enrichment of exogenous organics and nutrients at the hydrochar-soil interface enhances N2O fluxes.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Chenglin Li, Zhijun Wei, Pinpin Yang, Jun Shan, Xiaoyuan Yan
Summary: This study investigated the effects of conversion from rice fields to vegetable fields on denitrification process. The results showed that the conversion did not significantly change denitrification rate, but increased N2O emission rate and altered the product ratio of denitrification.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lei Ma, Baldur Janz, Ralf Kiese, Ricky Mwanake, Elizabeth Wangari, Klaus Butterbach-Bahl
Summary: The activities of common voles and slurry application have significant impacts on the fluxes of C and N trace gases in grasslands, especially under the application of acidified slurry. These interactions play a crucial role in affecting the greenhouse gas balance in grassland ecosystems.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Alice F. Charteris, Paul Harris, Karina A. Marsden, Ian M. Harris, Ziwei Guo, Deborah A. Beaumont, Helena Taylor, Gianmarco Sanfratello, Davey L. Jones, Sarah C. M. Johnson, Mick J. Whelan, Nicholas Howden, Hadewij Sint, David R. Chadwick, Laura M. Cardenas
Summary: Greenhouse gas fluxes from livestock grazed pasture soils exhibit high variability, influenced by local conditions. Nitrogen, ammonia, soil moisture, etc. play significant roles in regulating fluxes on different pastures for various greenhouse gases.
AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Mona Giraud, Jannis Groh, Horst H. Gerke, Nicolas Bruggemann, Harry Vereecken, Thomas Puetz
Summary: This study experimentally investigated the change in nitrogen dynamics in temperate grasslands due to a shift from energy-limited to water-limited climatic conditions. It found that at water-limited sites, plant nitrogen uptake decreased while inorganic nitrogen concentration in the soil solution increased. The study suggests that fertilizer should be applied early in the growing period to increase nitrogen uptake and decrease nitrogen losses in the short term.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Ingrid M. Lubbers, Matty P. Berg, Gerlinde B. De Deyn, Wim H. van der Putten, Jan Willem van Groenigen
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2020)
Editorial Material
Soil Science
Jan Willem van Groenigen, Cristine Morgan, Ingrid Kogel-Knabner, Budiman Minasny, Jaap de Gruijter, Johan Bouma
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Jeroen Pijlman, Stijn J. Berger, Fay Lexmond, Jaap Bloem, Jan Willem van Groenigen, Eric J. W. Visser, Jan Willem Erisman, Nick van Eekeren
NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Ecology
Natalie J. Oram, Yan Sun, Diego Abalos, Jan Willem Groenigen, Sue Hartley, Gerlinde B. De Deyn
Summary: The study found that grasses were more resistant to flooding while legumes recovered better. Grass species with resource-conservative traits showed higher resistance, while resource-acquisitive grasses recovered better. Grasses with lower inherent leaf and root delta C-13, as well as legumes with lower root delta C-13, lowered cumulative N2O emissions during and after the flood.
FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Sara Vicca, Daniel S. Goll, Mathilde Hagens, Jens Hartmann, Ivan A. Janssens, Anna Neubeck, Josep Penuelas, Silvia Poblador, Jet Rijnders, Jordi Sardans, Eric Struyf, Philipp Swoboda, Jan Willem van Groenigen, Arthur Vienne, Erik Verbruggen
Summary: Enhanced silicate weathering (ESW) has been proposed as a negative emission technology with significant climate change mitigation potential. However, differences between lab and real soil conditions, as well as the impact of biological processes on weathering rates, may influence the effectiveness of ESW in sequestering CO2 and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. It is crucial to include biological factors in ESW research to fully understand its climate change mitigation effects.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Soil Science
Henry Janzen, Kees Jan van Groenigen, David S. Powlson, Timothy Schwinghamer, Jan Willem van Groenigen
Summary: The ability of global agricultural soils to store carbon to mitigate rising CO2 concentrations and the associated costs have been a focus of soil science for decades. Various methods have been used to estimate additional soil organic carbon storage, with this study taking a unique approach focusing on photosynthesis. Using a Fermi approach parameterized by literature data, the study estimated global net C inputs and additional C storage in cropland soils, advocating for a shift towards a wider ecosystem perspective starting with photosynthesis.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Gerrit Angst, Jan Frouz, Jan Willem van Groenigen, Stefan Scheu, Ingrid Kogel-Knabner, Nico Eisenhauer
Summary: Microbial necromass is an important component of soil organic matter (SOM), and managing its production is essential for mitigating climate change. The current consensus is that the production of microbial necromass depends on the carbon use efficiency of microorganisms and the quality of organic matter inputs. However, the role of earthworms in this process has been overlooked. Earthworms accelerate the formation of microbial necromass by creating transient hotspots with high levels of bioavailable substrate, promoting the build-up and turnover of microbial biomass. This conversion of soil organic matter into a more resistant state can help combat climate change.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Diego Grados, Klaus Butterbach-Bahl, Ji Chen, Kees Jan van Groenigen, Jorgen Eivind Olesen, Jan Willem van Groenigen, Diego Abalos
Summary: This study evaluated the effectiveness of N2O mitigation practices in agricultural soils through a systematic review and meta-analysis. The results showed that technology-driven solutions and optimization of fertilizer rate have significant potential for reducing N2O emissions, while agroecological mitigation practices may actually increase N2O emissions. Other mitigation practices had marginal effects.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Editorial Material
Soil Science
H. Henry Janzen, Kees Jan van Groenigen, David S. Powlson, Timothy Schwinghamer, Jan Willem van Groenigen
Article
Agronomy
Zhongchen Yang, Laura M. E. Ferron, Gerwin F. Koopmans, Angela Sievernich, Jan Willem van Groenigen
Summary: This study investigated the impact of struvite fertilizer on soil nitrogen dynamics and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. The results showed that struvite application did not significantly increase N2O emissions in low-phosphorus soil. In high-phosphorus soil, struvite application resulted in lower N2O emissions compared to urea, with no significant difference from the control treatment. Furthermore, struvite powder increased plant nitrogen and phosphorus uptake and yielded similar results to traditional fertilization. In conclusion, struvite application can reduce the risk of nitrogen loss without compromising agronomic performance.
Article
Soil Science
A. Velasco-Sanchez, N. Bennegadi-Laurent, I. Trinsoutrot-Gattin, J. W. van Groenigen, G. Y. K. Moinet
Summary: The solubility and availability of phosphorus in new fertilizers may be low. However, this experiment found that microbial activity can enhance the release of organic P fertilizers, especially doubling the availability of organic P fertilizers.
SOIL USE AND MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Letter
Biodiversity Conservation
Gabriel Y. K. Moinet, Ronald Amundson, Marcelo V. Galdos, Peter R. Grace, Stephan M. Haefele, Renske Hijbeek, Jan Willem Van Groenigen, Kees Jan Van Groenigen, David S. Powlson
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Gerrit Willem Wieger Wamelink, Line Schug, Joep Yolanda Frissel, Ingrid Lubbers
Summary: To establish a sustainable closed agricultural ecosystem on Mars, the contribution of earthworms in breaking down dead organic matter and their impact on plant growth was studied. In a greenhouse experiment, it was found that while earthworm activity did not significantly affect plant growth, the addition of pig slurry stimulated plant growth, especially in Mars soil simulant.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Diego Abalos, Gerlinde B. De Deyn, Laurent Philippot, Natalie J. Oram, Barbora Oudova, Ioannis Pantelis, Callum Clark, Andrea Fiorini, David Bru, Ignacio Mariscal-Sancho, Jan Willem van Groenigen
Summary: The study demonstrates the potential of manipulating plant community composition to regulate nitrogen cycling in fertilized agroecosystems, leading to a more biologically based agriculture. Legumes play a crucial role, but selecting the optimal companion species is essential for the sustainability of the ecosystem.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Jiarui Zhao, Xiaohu Yuan, Zhanjun Liu, Haotian Shi, Bingnian Zhai, Yuanjun Zhu
Summary: Overfertilization is common in rainfed apple orchards on China's Loess Plateau, but its impacts on soil physicochemical properties in deep soil profiles are poorly understood. This study found that different land-use types showed divergent distribution patterns in soil properties, with low variability for SWC and pH, moderate variability for NH4+-N, AP, and AK, and high variability for SOC, NO3--N, and EC. The results also showed that fertilization influenced soil water content, NO3--N, AP, and AK, and NO3--N played a crucial role in regulating pH and EC. Soil profiles were useful for studying the evolution of soil quality.
AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Daniel Nyfeler, Olivier Huguenin-Elie, Emmanuel Frossard, Andreas Luscher
Summary: Grass-legume mixtures combine high yields, low fertiliser requirements, and low nitrate leaching better than either pure grass or pure legume swards, both during the intact plant cover and after tilling for the subsequent crop.
AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Martin Faucher, Seraphine Grellier, Clemence Chaudron, Jean-Louis Janeau, Gabrielle Rudi, Fabrice Vinatier
Summary: The Mediterranean region is expected to experience more intense rainfall events and severe droughts due to climate change, leading to an increase in runoff and erosion rates in agrosystems. Vegetation cover can help reduce erosion and the soil seed bank can provide cost-effective vegetation. This study assessed the effect of vegetation cover on seed loss in vineyards and evaluated the differences in the soil seed bank along a transect. The results suggest that vegetation may not protect interrows from runoff-induced seed loss.
AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Christian Thierfelder, Blessing Mhlanga, Isaiah Nyagumbo, Kelvin Kalala, Esau Simutowe, Mazvita Chiduwa, Chloe Maclaren, Joao Vasco Silva, Hambulo Ngoma
Summary: The performance of different maize-legume diversification strategies was compared in southern Africa. Intercropping systems showed significant nutritional and economic benefits, but had higher labor requirements compared to other cropping systems. Soil organic carbon content and pH were not affected by the tested cropping systems.
AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Han Chen, Han Li, Yizhao Wei, Edward Mcbean, Hong Liang, Weimin Wang, Jinhui Jeanne Huang
Summary: This research introduces a hybrid four-sub-deep neural network (HFSD) model for partitioning NEE into GPP and ER. The HFSD employs dual sub-deep neural networks to estimate ERa and ERb and incorporates GPP and environmental variables to predict vegetation transpiration. The results of the model show that the dual sub-DNNs architecture enhances the accuracy of ER simulations, while using EC-derived T as a constraint improves the accuracy of GPP simulations. Correlation analyses suggest that solar radiation and air temperature primarily influence the seasonal variations in GPP and ER, while soil moisture has a strong impact during dry seasons. This study advances the biophysical description of data-driven models for NEE partitioning and enhances the accuracy of GPP and ER estimates.
AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Michael Glaser, Stefan Dullinger, Dietmar Moser, Johannes Wessely, Milan Chytry, Zdenka Lososova, Irena Axmanova, Christian Berg, Jana Buerger, Serge Buholzer, Fabrizio Buldrini, Alessandro Chiarucci, Swen Follak, Filip Kuezmic, Stefan Meyer, Petr Pysek, Nina Richner, Urban Silc, Siegrid Steinkellner, Alexander Wietzke, Franz Essl
Summary: This study investigated changes in vascular plant species in Central European arable fields and their edges from 1930 to 2019. The results showed a small decline in overall species occupancy, but a more pronounced species turnover. Species with environmental preferences for nutrient-rich sites with neutral pH increased in occupancy, while species typical for arable fields decreased. No response to climate change was observed, and there was a decrease in archaeophytes and native species and an increase in neophytes.
AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Thomas Abrell, Krishna Naudin, Felix J. J. A. Bianchi, Debora Veiga Aragao, Pablo Tittonell, Marc Corbeels
Summary: This study demonstrates that reducing fallow periods in shifting cultivation systems in the Eastern Amazon region has negative effects on soil fertility and weed pressure, posing a threat to the sustainability and productivity of local farming systems.
AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Jun Wang, Lu Lv, Ronggui Hu, Haiyang Ma, Bo Liu, Wenju Zhang, Lei Wu
Summary: Nitrification and denitrification are crucial for nitrogen losses in agricultural soils and are affected by soil properties. This study investigated the patterns and controlling factors of nitrification and denitrification potentials in paddy soils in major rice-producing areas of Hubei Province, China. The results showed that soil pH and SOC were the primary factors regulating nitrification and denitrification potentials, respectively.
AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Olga Fishkis, Jessica Weller, Jorn Lehmhus, Franz Pollinger, Jorn Strassemeyer, Heinz -Josef Koch
Summary: The Farm to Fork strategy of the European Union aims to reduce pesticide use and replace chemical measures with mechanical methods in weed control. However, there is currently no comprehensive evaluation of the ecological and economic parameters of mechanical methods. This study quantified these parameters for different weed control methods in sugar beet and found that no method can be considered fully environmentally friendly.
AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Mercedes Guerrero-Brotons, Nuria Perujo, Anna M. Romani, Rosa Gomez
Summary: Proper bed substrate selection is crucial for the performance of constructed wetlands, especially when treating drainage water with high nitrogen and low carbon and phosphorus concentrations. In a field-scale pilot plant, adding a carbon-rich substrate such as soil or biochar increased phosphorus availability in beds. Beds with soil displayed higher microbial density and activity, as well as better plant growth compared to gravel. These findings highlight the importance of selecting suitable substrates for treating irrigated agricultural water.
AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Beatrice Giannetta, Cesar Plaza, Giorgio Galluzzi, Iria Benavente-Ferraces, Juan Carlos Garcia-Gil, Marco Panettieri, Gabriel Gasco, Claudio Zaccone
Summary: This study examines the long-term effects of biochar application on soil organic C protection and finds that biochar, especially when combined with other amendments, has the potential to increase the content of particulate organic C and mineral-associated organic C in soils. The presence of ferrihydrite may mediate the positive effects on mineral-associated organic matter.
AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Emily Rose Waring, Carl Pederson, Ainis Lagzdins, Chelsea Clifford, Matthew J. Helmers
Summary: Addressing the global problem of eutrophication requires better management of inorganic nitrogen in the agricultural landscape. This study compares the effects of different tillage practices and cover crops on soil and water quality. The results show that the conventional tillage system is more effective in improving water quality and maintaining crop yields compared to other tillage practices. Additionally, the study reveals that the impact of tillage practices and cover crop growth methods on water and soil quality changes over time.
AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Annalisa Stevenson, Yakun Zhang, Jingyi Huang, Jie Hu, Keith Paustian, Alfred E. Hartemink
Summary: Considerable advances have been made in the assessment and mapping of soil organic carbon stocks. However, the rates of change in carbon stocks are influenced by various factors and need to be quantified. This study found that sandy soils under cultivation and forests have different organic carbon stocks. Factors such as tillage, irrigation, and nitrogen applications contribute to the decline in soil organic carbon stocks. Afforestation of abandoned cultivated fields can increase soil organic carbon, but it is still lower than soils under forest that have never been cultivated.
AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Zhiyuan Yao, Chuanxiong Huang, Huiling Hu, Tao Wang, Yulong Li, Xiaoming Sune, Sina Adl, Bo Zhu
Summary: Enhancing soil organic carbon levels through improved fertilization strategies is important for soil health and sustainable crop production. This study found that the relative abundance of organisms from higher trophic levels and increased network complexity in the soil micro-food webs are vital contributors to effective SOC accumulation.
AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Qing Qu, Lei Deng, Zhouping Shangguan, Jian Sun, Jinsheng He, Kaibo Wang, Zhengchao Zhou, Jiwei Li, Josep Penuelas
Summary: Grazing exclusion is a widely implemented strategy for restoring degraded grassland ecosystems and increasing carbon stocks. This study analyzed data from 199 experiments to understand the temporal responses and factors influencing plant and soil carbon stocks following grazing exclusion in different grassland ecosystems. The results showed that plant biomass carbon stocks and soil organic carbon stocks decreased exponentially or rationally with years since enclosure. Grazing exclusion had positive effects on aboveground biomass carbon, but the effects on belowground biomass and soil carbon were influenced by climate, initial carbon levels, and grazing exclusion duration. The response of carbon stocks to grazing exclusion stabilized after approximately 40 years, with soil carbon sequestration showing a lagged pattern compared to plant biomass carbon. The study highlighted the effectiveness of grazing exclusion in regions with low carbon content and non-water limited conditions. However, it might not be an effective measure to increase soil organic carbon stocks in water-limited areas like desert grasslands.
AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT
(2024)