Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Hironobu Sasaki, Yoshifumi Saisho, Jun Inaishi, Yuusuke Watanabe, Tami Tsuchiya, Masayoshi Makio, Midori Sato, Masaru Nishikawa, Minoru Kitago, Taketo Yamada, Hiroshi Itoh
Summary: The study revealed that both the size and number of beta cells are reduced in participants with type 2 diabetes, with the decrease in number being the major contributor to the reduced beta cell mass in type 2 diabetes.
Editorial Material
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Shirin Geravandi, Amin Ardestani
Summary: This study reveals that aberrant crosstalk between acinar cells and beta cells in the pancreas has a detrimental effect on the viability of beta cells in type 2 diabetes.
TRENDS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Satoshi Kawata, Junji Kozawa, Sho Yoneda, Yukari Fujita, Risa Kashiwagi-Takayama, Takekazu Kimura, Yoshiya Hosokawa, Megu Y. Baden, Sae Uno, Rikako Uenaka, Kazuyuki Namai, Yoko Koh, Yoshito Tomimaru, Haruhiko Hirata, Motohide Uemura, Satoshi Nojima, Eiichi Morii, Hidetoshi Eguchi, Akihisa Imagawa, Iichiro Shimomura
Summary: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can cause type 1 diabetes (T1D). The study found that ICI therapy itself could reduce PD-L1 expression on islets, which may be related to beta-cell vulnerability. In addition, the absence of PD-L1 expression on beta-cells, genetic susceptibility, and infiltration of macrophages and T lymphocytes around islets might be responsible for T1D onset.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Akarsh Mathrani, Wilson Yip, Ivana R. Sequeira-Bisson, Daniel Barnett, Oliver Stevenson, Michael W. Taylor, Sally D. Poppitt
Summary: This study investigated the effects of supplementation with prebiotic polyphenol rutin on pancreatic beta-cell function and gut microbiota in individuals with overweight and normoglycemia or prediabetes. The results showed that rutin supplementation did not significantly affect pancreatic beta-cell function or gut microbiota composition. However, fasting plasma glucose was negatively correlated with the abundance of the butyrate producer Roseburia inulinivorans.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Takashi Taguchi, Wei Duan, Wendy Wolfson, Brandy Duhon, Emily G. Halphen, Mandi J. Lopez
Summary: This study explores the generation of functional insulin producing cell clusters from feline adipose-derived multipotent stromal cells, offering a new approach for treating feline diabetes mellitus. Results show that cluster functionality is enhanced through dynamic culture.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Anna P. Jedrzejak, Edyta K. Urbaniak, Jadwiga A. Wasko, Natalia Ziojla, Malgorzata Borowiak
Summary: This study explores the relationship between diabetes and COVID-19, highlighting the increased risk and complications faced by patients with diabetes. It also investigates the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on pancreatic cell homeostasis, with a focus on beta-cells.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Abdoulaye Diane, Noora Ali Al-Shukri, Razik Bin Abdul Mu-U-min, Heba H. Al-Siddiqi
Summary: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease caused by the loss or dysfunction of pancreatic beta-cells. Researchers have been working on generating pancreatic beta-cells from human pluripotent stem cells to compensate for insulin deficiency. However, current differentiation protocols have limitations. Mitochondria play a crucial role in glucose metabolism and insulin secretion in beta-cells, and dysfunction of mitochondria can lead to beta-cell dysfunction.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Laure Sayyed Kassem, Aman Rajpal, Margarita Victoria Barreiro, Faramarz Ismail-Beigi
Summary: Type 2 diabetes is characterized by hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and deteriorating beta-cell function. Enhancing beta-cell function through interventions like bariatric surgery, very low calorie diets, and long-term use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists has been shown to be effective. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms and identify potential agents to enhance beta-cell function in patients with Type 2 diabetes.
JOURNAL OF DIABETES
(2023)
Article
Developmental Biology
Sumeet Pal Singh, Prateek Chawla, Alisa Hnatiuk, Margrit Kamel, Luis Delgadillo Silva, Bastiaan Spanjaard, Sema Elif Eski, Sharan Janjuha, Pedro Olivares-Chauvet, Oezge Kayisoglu, Fabian Rost, Juliane Blaesche, Annekathrin Kraenkel, Andreas Petzold, Thomas Kurth, Susanne Reinhardt, Jan Philipp Junker, Nikolay Ninov
Summary: Using single-cell transcriptomics, we have mapped beta-cell regeneration during diabetes induction and recovery in zebrafish. Our study reveals the presence of two distinct types of somatostatin-producing delta-cells, as well as a small population of glucose-responsive islet cells that share characteristics of both beta-and delta 1-cells. We show that beta/delta hybrid cells are a prominent source of insulin expression during diabetes recovery and that these cells form de novo and acquire glucose-responsiveness during regeneration.
Article
Cell Biology
Dongxian Xue, Narisu Narisu, D. Leland Taylor, Meili Zhang, Caleb Grenko, Henry J. Taylor, Tingfen Yan, Xuming Tang, Neelam Sinha, Jiajun Zhu, J. Jeya Vandana, Angie Chi Nok Chong, Angela Lee, Erin C. Mansell, Amy J. Swift, Michael R. Erdos, Aaron Zhong, Lori L. Bonnycastle, Ting Zhou, Shuibing Chen, Francis S. Collins
Summary: This study utilized isogenic knockout human embryonic stem cell lines to investigate the effects of 20 genes associated with T2D on cell differentiation, functions, and survival. By analyzing gene expression and chromatin accessibility profiles, likely causal variants at T2D-association signals were identified. Additionally, other genes associated with insulin production and cell sensitivity to lipotoxicity were discovered.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Betul A. Hatipoglu, Julia Blanchette
Summary: Cures for T1D are advancing, but we still hope to find treatments for early-stage patients to significantly improve disease management. Exciting technologies such as the bionic pancreas provide hope for people with T1D.
ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fred Levine
Summary: The reduction of beta-cell number and/or function is a common feature in diabetes. The formation of new beta-cells has been a major focus in diabetes research. Various mechanisms, including replication of preexisting beta-cells, neogenesis from ducts, redifferentiation of dedifferentiated beta-cells, and transdifferentiation from other cell types, have been proposed. However, there is still a lack of definitive evidence, especially in humans.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alicia Wong, Brian Akhaphong, Daniel Baumann, Emilyn U. Alejandro
Summary: By deleting the Ogt gene in pancreatic progenitors, it was found that pancreatic hypoplasia was caused by a reduced number of Pdx1-expressing pancreatic progenitor cells. Furthermore, deleting the Ogt gene in endocrine progenitors resulted in elevated blood glucose levels and aberrant islet architecture, leading to diabetic symptoms and significant loss of alpha-cell and beta-cell mass. These findings highlight the essential role of Ogt in maintaining beta-cell mass and glucose homeostasis.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Zijing Chen, Leah Truskinovsky, Emmanuel S. Tzanakakis
Summary: This review discusses the application of optical methods, including optogenetics, optochemical, and photopharmacological strategies, in pancreatic cells and tissues. It highlights the potential of these methods in regulating insulin secretion and controlling blood sugar levels. Optical methods offer greater precision and controllability compared to traditional drugs, providing new possibilities for addressing pancreatic pathologies.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zahra Ghezelayagh, Mahsa Zabihi, Mohammad Kazemi Ashtiani, Zeinab Ghezelayagh, Francis C. Lynn, Yaser Tahamtani
Summary: This review discusses the role of different non-epithelial cells in pancreatic development, and their effects on pancreatic epithelium through signaling pathways, factors or cell interactions. It also considers the impact of N-Epi cells on pancreatic endocrine development, as well as new approaches using stem cell technology and three-dimensional organoids to generate pancreatic micro-tissues.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2021)
