Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hector G. Paez, Peter J. Ferrandi, Christopher R. Pitzer, Junaith S. Mohamed, Stephen E. Alway
Summary: The study investigates the impact of NOR-1 deficiency on C2C12 metabolic signaling. The results reveal that NOR-1 acts as a modulator of mTORC1 signaling and its deficiency may contribute to insulin resistance and metabolic disease. Therefore, strategies that improve NOR-1 levels could be important in mitigating muscle metabolic abnormalities.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hector G. Paez, Peter J. Ferrandi, Christopher R. Pitzer, Junaith S. Mohamed, Stephen E. Alway
Summary: The gene expression of NOR-1, a nuclear orphan receptor, is reduced in obesity and during muscle disuse. NOR-1 is responsive to exercise and its deficiency may contribute to altered metabolic signaling and insulin resistance. This study identifies metabolic targets regulated by NOR-1 and suggests it plays a role in mTORC1 signaling and insulin sensitivity pathways. Improving NOR-1 may offset the negative impact of inactivity, obesity, and type 2 diabetes on muscle metabolism.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Kaifang Guan, Xiaofen Qi, Haoran Chen, Ying Ma
Summary: Mitochondria-dependent myoblast apoptosis induced by oxidative stress and decrease in protein synthesis plays a crucial role in sarcopenia. Milk fat globule-EGF factor VIII (MFG-E8) can protect against mitochondrial injury and apoptosis through regulation of mitochondrial function and apoptosis-related factors. The findings provide a promising approach for mitigating sarcopenia.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nicholas A. Foreman, Anton S. Hesse, Li Li Ji
Summary: Sarcopenia, the age-related decline in muscle mass and function, is influenced by various etiological mechanisms including reactive oxygen species generation, protein turnover, cell death, and mitochondrial homeostasis. As age advances, dysregulation of redox signaling and mitochondrial function may play crucial roles in the development of sarcopenia.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kenji Watanabe, Shuichi Shibuya, Yusuke Ozawa, Toshihiko Toda, Takahiko Shimizu
Summary: The study showed that p53 regulated ROS-mediated apoptotic cell death and tumorigenesis, but did not affect ROS-mediated tissue degeneration in SOD-deficient models.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Dingding Zhang, Jingli Tao, Xuan Zhang, Xiangfei Ma, Chengyu Li, Hongmin Li, Weijian Li, Jie Chen, Honglin Liu
Summary: This study reveals the role of neoruscogenin in muscle growth by inhibiting MSTN maturation and promoting protein synthesis metabolism. It also shows its potential in repairing muscle injuries. These findings have important implications for the treatment of muscle disorders and the livestock industry.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Bumsoo Ahn, Rojina Ranjit, Parker Kneis, Hongyang Xu, Katarzyna M. Piekarz, Willard M. Freeman, Michael Kinter, Arlan Richardson, Qitao Ran, Susan V. Brooks, Holly Van Remmen
Summary: The study aimed to determine the impact of mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide on muscle aging and contractile dysfunction. Results showed that muscle-specific overexpression of mPRDX3 can reduce mitochondrial H2O2 generation, improve mitochondrial function, and mitigate loss of muscle quantity and quality, despite the persistence of neuromuscular junction impairment.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cathryn Grayson, Ryan J. Mailloux
Summary: Mitochondria use hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a mitokine for cell communication. The redox state of the coenzyme Q10 (CoQ) pool and NADPH availability strongly affect the rate of H2O2 production and degradation. CoQ pool and nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (NNT) are connected through mitochondrial bioenergetics to manage H2O2 availability for interorganelle and intercellular redox signaling.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Colin Harper, Venkatesh Gopalan, Jorming Goh
Summary: This review examines the cellular and molecular changes in skeletal muscle mitochondria during aging, particularly focusing on the efficiency of mitochondrial coupling and its impact on muscle function decline. It also discusses how different exercise modalities can potentially reverse these changes and delay the onset of sarcopenia. Additional concepts such as mitophagy and the implications of muscle fiber type changes with sarcopenia on mitochondrial function are also integrated in this review.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ferdinando Imsalata, Hanne Hoitzing, Juvid Aryaman, Nick S. Jones
Summary: This study presents a spatial model that explains the mechanism of expansion of mitochondrial DNA molecules with deletions. By enhancing the density of mutants and introducing noise, a wave of expanding mutations consistent with experimental data is produced. The model predicts that wave speed decreases with copy number and that traveling waves of mutants can still occur even if mutants are preferentially eliminated. Additionally, the study suggests that mutant loads observed in single-cell experiments can be generated by lower de novo mutation rates than previously thought.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Daniel T. Hass, Celia M. Bisbach, Brian M. Robbings, Martin Sadilek, Ian R. Sweet, James B. Hurley
Summary: Fumarate can replace O-2 as an electron acceptor in the electron transport chain. This study investigates the import and oxidation of succinate produced by other tissues in intact RPE-choroid tissue. The findings reveal that intact cells can oxidize exogenous succinate and export it as fumarate or malate, and the oxidation of succinate is different from other substrates as it uncouples electron transport from ATP synthesis. The retina is also shown to produce and export succinate, implicating a potential increase in O-2 consumption through uncoupling adjacent RPE mitochondria.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kelsie J. Anson, Giulia A. Corbet, Amy E. Palmer
Summary: In this study, the researchers investigated how changes in intracellular zinc ion levels affect kinase signaling pathways using fluorescent biosensors and cell perturbations. The results showed that zinc ion fluctuations are not toxic and do not activate stress-dependent kinase signaling. Additionally, the study demonstrated that while zinc ions can inhibit phosphatases, ERK and Akt are primarily activated through upstream signaling pathways.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aowen Zhuang, Christine Yang, Yingying Liu, Yanie Tan, Simon T. Bond, Shannen Walker, Tim Sikora, Adrienne Laskowski, Arpeeta Sharma, Judy B. de Haan, Peter J. Meikle, Takahiko Shimizu, Melinda T. Coughlan, Anna C. Calkin, Brian G. Drew
Summary: Metabolic conditions such as obesity, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance are often associated with impairments in skeletal muscle function and metabolism, particularly due to oxidative stress. Post-developmental deletion of SOD2 in skeletal muscle showed specific impacts on muscle lipid metabolism, but did not result in major impairment in overall metabolism.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sergio Rius-Perez, Salvador Perez, Michel B. Toledano, Juan Sastre
Summary: Redox signaling through mtROS plays a crucial role in multiple mechanisms of regulated cell death and contributes decisively to the development of inflammatory disorders.
ANTIOXIDANTS & REDOX SIGNALING
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Xin Guan, Zihe Pan, Zhuoya Xu, Sidun Zhang, Haohao Tang, Guocheng Du, Jingwen Zhou
Summary: This study investigated the effects of four representative flavonoids on porcine myoblasts and found that these flavonoids had relatively low cytotoxicity but showed a weak ability to promote cell proliferation. Luteolin, one of the flavonoids, was found to have a positive effect on migration and differentiation of porcine myoblasts. The activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway was identified as the mechanism behind luteolin's effects. This study provided biological evidence for the application of luteolin in cultured meat production.