4.0 Article

Trophic level delineation and resource partitioning in a South African afromontane forest bird community using carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes

Journal

AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY
Volume 48, Issue 4, Pages 984-993

Publisher

WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2028.2009.01201.x

Keywords

afromontane forest; stable isotopes; trophic level

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Southern African forests are naturally fragmented yet hold a disproportionately high number of bird species. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes were measured in feathers from birds captured at Woodbush (n = 27 species), a large afromontane forest in the eastern escarpment of Limpopo province, South Africa. The delta 13C signatures of a range of forest plants were measured to categorise the food base. Most plants sampled, including two of five grass species, had delta 13C signatures typical of a C-3 photosynthetic pathway (-29.5 +/- 1.9 parts per thousand). Three grass species had a C-4 signature (-12.0 +/- 0.6 parts per thousand). Most bird species had delta 13C values representing a predominantly C-3-based diet (-24.8 parts per thousand to -20.7 parts per thousand). delta 15N values were as expected, with higher levels of enrichment associated with a greater proportion of dietary animal matter. The cohesive isotopic niche defining most species (n = 22), where the ranges for delta 13C and delta 15N were 2.4 parts per thousand and 3.4 parts per thousand, respectively, highlight the difficulties in understanding diets of birds in a predominantly C-3-based ecosystem using carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes. However, variation in isotopic values between and within species provides insight into possible niche width and the use of resources by different birds within a forest environment.Resume Les forets d'Afrique australe sont naturellement fragmentees et pourtant elles abritent un nombre disproportionne d'especes d'oiseaux. Des isotopes stables de carbone et d'azote ont ete mesures dans les plumes d'oiseaux captures a Woodbush (n = 27 especes), une vaste foret afromontagnarde situee sur l'escarpement oriental de la province du Limpopo, en Afrique du Sud. On a mesure les signatures de delta 13C de toute une gamme de plantes forestieres pour classer la base alimentaire. La plupart des plantes echantillonnees, y compris deux des cinq especes de graminees, avaient des signatures de delta 13C typiques d'un mecanisme photosynthetique en C-3 (-29,5 +/- 1,9 parts per thousand). Trois especes d'herbes avaient une signature en C-4 (-12,0 +/- 0.6 parts per thousand). La plupart des especes d'oiseaux avaient des valeurs de delta 13Cqui representaient un regime alimentaire principalement base en C-3 (de - 24,8 parts per thousand a- 20,7 parts per thousand). Les valeurs de delta 15N correspondaient aux attentes, avec un niveau d'enrichissement plus eleve liea une plus grande proportion de matiere alimentaire animale. La niche isotopique cohesive definissant la plupart des especes (n = 22), ou les variations pour delta 13C et delta 15N etaient de 2,4 parts per thousand et 3,4 parts per thousand respectivement, soulignent la difficulte de comprendre les regimes alimentaires des oiseaux dans un ecosysteme base principalement sur C-3, utilisant des isotopes stables de carbone et d'azote. Cependant, la variation des valeurs isotopiques entre et au sein des especes donne un apercu sur l'etendue possible d'une niche et sur l'usage des ressources par differents oiseaux dans un environnement forestier.

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