4.2 Article

Resilient health care: turning patient safety on its head

Journal

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR QUALITY IN HEALTH CARE
Volume 27, Issue 5, Pages 418-420

Publisher

OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/intqhc/mzv063

Keywords

patient safety; resilient healthcare; Safety-I; Safety-II; human factors; health system reform

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The current approach to patient safety, labelled Safety-I, is predicated on a 'find and fix' model. It identifies things going wrong, after the event, and aims to stamp them out, in order to ensure that the number of errors is as low as possible. Healthcare is much more complex than such a linear model suggests. We need to switch the focus to what we have come to call Safety-II: a concerted effort to enable things to go right more often. The key is to appreciate that healthcare is resilient to a large extent, and everyday performance succeeds much more often than it fails. Clinicians constantly adjust what they do to match the conditions. Facilitating work flexibility, and actively trying to increase the capacity of clinicians to deliver more care more effectively, is key to this new paradigm. At its heart, proactive safety management focuses on how everyday performance usually succeeds rather than on why it occasionally fails, and actively strives to improve the former rather than simply preventing the latter.

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