Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yuanzhou Huang, Fabian Mahrt, Shaun Xu, Manabu Shiraiwa, Andreas Zuend, Allan K. Bertram
Summary: Individual atmospheric particles can contain mixtures of primary organic aerosol (POA), secondary organic aerosol (SOA), and secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA), with the potential to have three distinct liquid phases. The presence of these phases is influenced by the elemental oxygen-to-carbon (O:C) ratio of the SOA, impacting equilibration timescales and potential effects on cloud formation and atmospheric chemistry.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Harald Flentje, Ina Mattis, Zak Kipling, Samuel Remy, Werner Thomas
Summary: The study compares aerosol forecasts from ECMWF with ceilometer data from DWD, showing good capture of vertical aerosol structures with some biases.
GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Sudip Chakraborty, Bin Guan, Duane E. Waliser, Arlindo M. da Silva, Sophie Uluatam, Peter Hess
Summary: Despite gaps in our knowledge on aerosol long-range transport, this study develops a global algorithm to detect aerosol atmospheric rivers (AARs), showing their significant contributions to global aerosol transport pathways and their impact on regional air quality conditions.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Daniel A. Jaffe, Brendan Schnieder, Daniel Inouye
Summary: This study proposes a method to identify smoke contribution in urban regions using PM2.5 to CO emission ratios, and through observational data and Monte Carlo simulation, concludes that smoke enhancement ratio can serve as an indicator for wildfire smoke in urban areas.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Fabian Mahrt, Elli Newman, Yuanzhou Huang, Markus Ammann, Allan K. Bertram
Summary: The research found that internal mixtures of POA and SOA in the atmosphere almost always formed two phases when the O/C ratio of the POA was less than 0.11. When the O/C ratio of the POA was between 0.11 and 0.29, the mixtures mostly resulted in particles with one liquid phase. However, depending on the types of SOA and POA surrogates, two liquid phases were also observed in some cases, and an increase in phase-separated particles was observed when increasing the relative humidity within this O/C range.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Rong Wang, Yechen Yang, Xiaofan Xing, Lin Wang, Jianmin Chen, Xu Tang, Junji Cao, Lidia Morawska, Yves Balkanski, Didier Hauglustaine, Philippe Ciais, Jianmin Ma
Summary: By using a statistical model that takes into account both meteorology and primary emissions, the relationship between PM2.5 concentration and climate change can be better understood. This model reduces errors and suggests that climate change may have a greater impact on PM2.5 than previously thought.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Chaithanya D. Jain, B. L. Madhavan, Vikas Singh, P. Prasad, A. Sai Krishnaveni, V. Ravi Kiran, M. Venkat Ratnam
Summary: This study investigated the variations in different aerosols, radiation, and trace gases over a tropical rural site in India during the COVID-19 lockdown. The levels of anthropogenic emission species decreased significantly during the lockdown period, leading to impacts on the levels and diurnal variability of other species. The study provides insights into rural atmospheric chemistry and its connections with precursor concentrations and dynamics.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xueying Zhao, Robert J. Allen, Erik S. Thomson
Summary: Research shows that natural aerosols also play a significant role in air pollution, especially in regions close to natural sources, affecting air quality negatively. Climate models indicate that under pristine conditions, levels of fine particulate matter exceed WHO guidelines in parts of Africa and Asia, impacting approximately one billion people globally.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Cheng Liu, Youwen Sun, Changgong Shan, Wei Wang, Justus Notholt, Mathias Palm, Hao Yin, Yuan Tian, Jixi Gao, Huiqin Mao
Summary: Long-term observations of atmospheric constituents are significant for understanding climate change and carbon budget impact in China. This study provides an overview of China's first ground-based high-resolution Fourier-transform spectrometry observation station in Hefei, which can observe more than 30 atmospheric constituents.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lakhima Chutia, Narendra Ojha, Imran Girach, Binita Pathak, Lokesh K. Sahu, Chandan Sarangi, Johannes Flemming, Arlindo da Silva, Pradip Kumar Bhuyan
Summary: In this study, the SO2 trends over the rapidly developing Indian subcontinent during 2003-2019 period were investigated using model reanalysis, satellite data, and emission inventories. The results showed rapid SO2 growth up to 0.4 ppbv yr(-1) from 2003 to 2009, particularly significant over the Indo-Gangetic Plain and eastern India. However, the growth became slower after 2010 and was followed by a stabilization or slight reduction. The findings highlighted the need for studies to assess the impacts of changing SO2 trends in India on the regional and global climate.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Gaurav Sharma, Baerbel Sinha
Summary: This paper presents future waste generation and open waste burning projections for India, which are consistent with the scenarios in the shared socio-economic pathways (SSPs) database. It is found that if India's waste generation rates converge to those of developed economies under the fossil fuel based economic growth projections, the waste generation in India will increase significantly by 2030 and 2050, leading to a substantial increase in open waste burning emissions. However, under a sustainable development scenario, aggressive promotion of source segregation and treatment of biodegradable waste can reduce waste burning.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Rui Feng, Xuekun Fang
Summary: This study provides an overview of China's multipronged national-scale regulations to decelerate climate change and improve air quality, by concurrently reducing atmospheric pollution and greenhouse gas emissions through a variety of strategies. These measures have helped China achieve its climate goals and established a roadmap for the future, benefiting both air quality enhancement and global warming mitigation.
RESOURCES CONSERVATION AND RECYCLING
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Aytac Perihan Akan, Mario Coccia
Summary: This study analyzes the changes in air pollution levels during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown measures in different countries. The findings reveal significant variations in the effects of restriction policies on air quality, depending on the geographical, economic, industrial, and social characteristics of each country. These results offer valuable insights for the development of environmental policies that support sustainable development.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Katherine L. Hayden, Shao-Meng Li, John Liggio, Michael J. Wheeler, Jeremy J. B. Wentzell, Amy Leithead, Peter Brickell, Richard L. Mittermeier, Zachary Oldham, Cristian M. Mihele, Ralf M. Staebler, Samar G. Moussa, Andrea Darlington, Mengistu Wolde, Daniel Thompson, Jack Chen, Debora Griffin, Ellen Eckert, Jenna C. Ditto, Megan He, Drew R. Gentner
Summary: This study provides the most detailed characterization to date of emissions from boreal forest wildfires, highlighting the complexity of the emissions and their importance for air quality modeling. The results improve the understanding of wildfire emissions and contribute to the verification and improvement of models that predict pollution from such wildfires.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Manigandan Sekar, T. R. Praveen Kumar, M. Selva Ganesh Kumar, Radka Vanickova, Josef Marousek
Summary: Studies have shown that the changes brought about by the pandemic have had a positive impact on air quality, especially in India and China. To fully understand how these changes interact with global climate change, further research and measurements are necessary.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Markku Kulmala, Tom Kokkonen, Ekaterina Ezhova, Alexander Baklanov, Alexander Mahura, Ivan Mammarella, Jaana Back, Hanna K. Lappalainen, Svyatoslav Tyuryakov, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Sergej Zilitinkevich, Tuukka Petaja
Summary: Turbulence is a key process in the atmosphere that transports material and energy, and causes concentration fluctuations. It influences various atmospheric processes and has implications for air pollution and climate change. Understanding the mechanisms of atmospheric turbulence, chemistry, and aerosol dynamics is crucial for analyzing the connections and feedbacks among these processes.
BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Pedro Trechera, Meritxell Garcia-Marles, Xiansheng Liu, Cristina Reche, Noemi Perez, Marjan Savadkoohi, David Beddows, Imre Salma, Mate Vorosmarty, Andrea Casans, Juan Andres Casquero-Vera, Christoph Hueglin, Nicolas Marchand, Benjamin Chazeau, Gregory Gille, Panayiotis Kalkavouras, Nikos Mihalopoulos, Jakub Ondracek, Nadia Zikova, Jarkko V. Niemi, Hanna E. Manninen, David C. Green, Anja H. Tremper, Michael Norman, Stergios Vratolis, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Francisco J. Gomez-Moreno, Elisabeth Alonso-Blanco, Holger Gerwig, Alfred Wiedensohler, Kay Weinhold, Maik Merkel, Susanne Bastian, Jean-Eudes Petit, Olivier Favez, Suzanne Crumeyrolle, Nicolas Ferlay, Sebastiao Martins Dos Santos, Jean-Philippe Putaud, Hilkka Timonen, Janne Lampilahti, Christof Asbach, Carmen Wolf, Heinz Kaminski, Hicran Altug, Barbara Hoffmann, David Q. Rich, Marco Pandolfi, Roy M. Harrison, Philip K. Hopke, Tuukka Petaja, Andres Alastuey, Xavier Querol
Summary: This study evaluated the hourly particle number size distributions (PNSD) from 26 sites in Europe and 1 in the US, focusing on urban background (UB) and traffic (TR) sites. The objective was to describe the characteristics of urban ultrafine particles (UFP) in Europe. The results showed variations in PNC and BC across different regions and site types, with traffic emissions being a major contributor. The study emphasized the need for specific monitoring of PNSD and measurements of <10 nm PNC for assessing the health effects of nanoparticles.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Martha Arbayani Zaidan, Naser Hossein Motlagh, Pak Lun Fung, Abedalaziz S. Khalaf, Yutaka Matsumi, Aijun Ding, Sasu Tarkoma, Tuukka Petaja, Markku Kulmala, Tareq Hussein
Summary: Air quality low-cost sensors (LCSs) are affordable and scalable for high-resolution air pollution monitoring, but face challenges in accuracy, especially for extreme events. We propose a Bayesian calibration method that effectively corrects LCSs measurements and detects calibration drift. Experimental results on smoking events show accurate estimation of aerosol mass concentration. Black-box calibrators outperform white-box ones, but may drift during new events, while white-box calibrators remain robust. Implementing both calibrators enables strength extraction and drifting monitoring for calibration models. The method can be applied to other LCSs with accuracy issues.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL INFORMATICS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Henning Finkenzeller, Siddharth Iyer, Xu-Cheng He, Mario Simon, Theodore K. Koenig, Christopher F. Lee, Rashid Valiev, Victoria Hofbauer, Antonio Amorim, Rima Baalbaki, Andrea Baccarini, Lisa Beck, David M. Bell, Lucia Caudillo, Dexian Chen, Randall Chiu, Biwu Chu, Lubna Dada, Jonathan Duplissy, Martin Heinritzi, Deniz Kemppainen, Changhyuk Kim, Jordan Krechmer, Andreas Kurten, Alexandr Kvashnin, Houssni Lamkaddam, Chuan Ping Lee, Katrianne Lehtipalo, Zijun Li, Vladimir Makhmutov, Hanna E. Manninen, Guillaume Marie, Ruby Marten, Roy L. Mauldin, Bernhard Mentler, Tatjana Muller, Tuukka Petaja, Maxim Philippov, Ananth Ranjithkumar, Birte Rorup, Jiali Shen, Dominik Stolzenburg, Christian Tauber, Yee Jun Tham, Antonio Tome, Miguel Vazquez-Pufleau, Andrea C. Wagner, Dongyu S. Wang, Mingyi Wang, Yonghong Wang, Stefan K. Weber, Wei Nie, Yusheng Wu, Mao Xiao, Qing Ye, Marcel Zauner-Wieczorek, Armin Hansel, Urs Baltensperger, Jerome Brioude, Joachim Curtius, Neil M. Donahue, Imad El Haddad, Richard C. Flagan, Markku Kulmala, Jasper Kirkby, Mikko Sipila, Douglas R. Worsnop, Theo Kurten, Matti Rissanen, Rainer Volkamer
Summary: Iodine is an active trace element in atmospheric chemistry that can destroy ozone and form particles. Its emissions have increased threefold since 1950 and are expected to continue rising. In laboratory experiments, iodooxy hypoiodite (IOIO) was shown to efficiently convert into iodic acid (HIO3) via reactions IOIO + O-3 -> IOIO4 and IOIO4 + H2O -> HIO3 + HOI + O-(1)(2). This laboratory-derived mechanism explains field observations of daytime HIO3 in the remote lower free troposphere and suggests a catalytic role of iodine in aerosol formation.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Dimitri Castarede, Zoe Brasseur, Yusheng Wu, Zamin A. Kanji, Markus Hartmann, Lauri Ahonen, Merete Bilde, Markku Kulmala, Tuukka Petaja, Jan B. C. Pettersson, Berko Sierau, Olaf Stetzer, Frank Stratmann, Birgitta Svenningsson, Erik Swietlicki, Quynh Thu Nguyen, Jonathan Duplissy, Erik S. Thomson
Summary: The Portable Ice Nucleation Chamber 2 (PINCii) is a new continuous flow diffusion chamber (CFDC) that can measure ice nucleating particles (INPs). PINCii has been engineered to improve upon the limitations of previous CFDCs and offers several possibilities for improved INP measurements. It features low background particle counts, high-spatial-resolution wall-temperature mapping, and a new method for analyzing CFDC data. Additionally, it can be used to study droplet activation processes and extend ice crystal growth. The instrument's capabilities have been demonstrated through a series of experiments. The sources of uncertainty in CFDCs, including particle background, particle loss, and variations in aerosol lamina temperature and relative humidity, have also been quantified and discussed for PINCii. Overall, the importance of this work in developing a more advanced instrument for measuring INPs is rated 9 out of 10.
ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yuyang Li, Jiewen Shen, Bin Zhao, Runlong Cai, Shuxiao Wang, Yang Gao, Manish Shrivastava, Da Gao, Jun Zheng, Markku Kulmala, Jingkun Jiang
Summary: Sulfuric acid (SA) is a major precursor for atmospheric new particle formation (NPF), and the formation of SA-dimethylamine (DMA) clusters initiates intense NPF events in polluted urban atmospheres. We developed a parameterization of SA-DMA nucleation based on cluster dynamic simulations and quantum chemistry calculations, which successfully reproduced the dependence of particle formation rates on temperature and condensation sinks (CSs). The parameterization was incorporated into a 3-D chemical transport model and showed good agreement with observations in wintertime Beijing, contributing significantly to nucleation rates and aerosol population during the simulations.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Anton Rusanen, Kristo Horrak, Lauri R. Ahonen, Tuomo Nieminen, Pasi P. Aalto, Pasi Kolari, Markku Kulmala, Tuukka Petaja, Heikki Junninen
Summary: We introduce SMEARcore, a framework for real-time data analysis and management intended for measurement stations. It allows integration of new SMEAR stations with existing ones and facilitates easier problem diagnosis through robust data pipelines. Unlike previous similar concepts, SMEARcore keeps processing under data owners' control, provides tools for general data interoperability, and is extensible to new instruments. It is meant to supplement existing infrastructures and promote structured data curation in more measurement stations.
ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Meri Raty, Larisa Sogacheva, Helmi-Marja Keskinen, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Tuomo Nieminen, Tuukka Petaja, Ekaterina Ezhova, Markku Kulmala
Summary: Boreal forests in the Northern Hemisphere have a complex interaction with the atmosphere, including a feedback process that may produce a cooling effect through increased cloud reflectance due to aerosol-cloud interactions. This study investigates the impact of the boreal forest environment on cloud-related properties during the growing season. Results show that air masses with longer exposure to the forest have different properties compared to those with shorter land transport times. The study also reveals changes in cloud condensation nuclei concentrations, specific humidity, and precipitation frequency after a certain threshold of land transport time.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Jing Cai, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, Cheng Wu, Yan Zheng, Feixue Zheng, Wei Du, Sophie L. Haslett, Qi Chen, Markku Kulmala, Claudia Mohr
Summary: The offline application of FIGAERO-CIMS provides a cost-efficient method to analyze the molecular composition of organic aerosols. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using Teflon and quartz fiber filter samples collected in urban Beijing, with high signal-to-noise ratios, repeatability, and linear signal response. It expands the molecular characterization of organic aerosols by FIGAERO-CIMS to situations where the instrument itself cannot be deployed.
ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Matti Kamarainen, Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, Markku Kulmala, Ivan Mammarella, Juha Aalto, Henriikka Vekuri, Annalea Lohila, Anna Lintunen
Summary: In this study, machine learning methods (RF and GB) were used to predict the net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) in a pine-dominated boreal forest in southern Finland over 1996-2018. The results showed that both RF and GB were able to explain the temporal variability of NEE using meteorological predictors, but GB was more accurate.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lejish Vettikkat, Pasi Miettinen, Angela Buchholz, Pekka Rantala, Hao Yu, Simon Schallhart, Tuukka Petaja, Roger Seco, Elisa Mannisto, Markku Kulmala, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Alex B. Guenther, Siegfried Schobesberger
Summary: Wetlands cover a small portion of the land surface but boreal wetlands are experiencing significant warming and emit climate-relevant volatile organic compounds. This study presents the first-ever measurements of terpene emissions from a boreal fen wetland and found that isoprene was the dominant compound emitted. The emissions showed a strong exponential dependence on temperature and were significantly higher than previous estimates.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Matthew Boyer, Diego Aliaga, Jakob Boyd Pernov, Helene Angot, Lauriane L. J. Quelever, Lubna Dada, Benjamin Heutte, Manuel Dall'Osto, David C. S. Beddows, Zoe Brasseur, Ivo Beck, Silvia Bucci, Marina Duetsch, Andreas Stohl, Tiia Laurila, Eija Asmi, Andreas Massling, Daniel Charles Thomas, Jakob Kleno Nojgaard, Tak Chan, Sangeeta Sharma, Peter Tunved, Radovan Krejci, Hans Christen Hansson, Federico Bianchi, Katrianne Lehtipalo, Alfred Wiedensohler, Kay Weinhold, Markku Kulmala, Tuukka Petaja, Mikko Sipila, Julia Schmale, Tuija Jokinen
Summary: The Arctic environment is undergoing rapid changes due to accelerated warming. This study investigates the annual cycle of aerosol characteristics in the central Arctic Ocean and compares them to land-based sites across the Arctic. The analysis provides important insights into aerosol processes in the changing Arctic environment and their impact on climate change.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Review
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Dominik Stolzenburg, Runlong Cai, Sara M. Blichner, Jenni Kontkanen, Putian Zhou, Risto Makkonen, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Markku Kulmala, Ilona Riipinen, Juha Kangasluoma
Summary: This review provides a comprehensive overview of the research progress in nanoparticle growth, focusing on the mismatch between experimental and modeling studies and suggesting specific directions for future research.
REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Chenxi Li, Yue Zhao, Ziyue Li, Ling Liu, Xiuhui Zhang, Jun Zheng, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Markku Kulmala, Jingkun Jiang, Runlong Cai, Huayun Xiao
Summary: New particle formation is a major contributor to atmospheric aerosol concentrations, and condensation sink plays an important role in this process. In this study, approximate equations for calculating new particle formation rates in the presence of pre-existing particles were developed by simplifying the cluster balance equations. The accuracy of these equations was confirmed by comparing them with simulation results and field observations.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
