Pulpectomies in primary mandibular molars: a comparison of outcomes using three root filling materials

AimTo evaluate the outcome of root canal treatment in primary teeth using three root canal filling materials - RC Fill, Vitapex and Pulpdent root canal sealer. MethodologyThe study was a single-centre, double-blind, randomized controlled trial carried out on 129 primary mandibular molars with necrotic pulps or irreversible pulpitis in 4- to 9-year-old children. Participants were selected based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria and were randomly allocated into 3 groups: Group I - RC Fill [zinc oxide-eugenol (ZOE) with iodoform]; Group II - Vitapex (calcium hydroxide with iodoform); and Group III - Pulpdent root canal sealer (ZOE). The outcome measures were evaluated both clinically and radiographically at 6, 12 and 30months according to modified American Association of Endodontists (AAE) criteria. The radiographic outcomes were assessed by two blinded and calibrated evaluators. Pearson's chi-square analysis was performed for both intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol population. ResultThe success rates of RC Fill, Vitapex and Pulpdent were 94%, 90% and 97%, respectively, at 30months and the differences were not significant (P=0.137). ConclusionAll three materials were found to be equally effective root filling materials for primary molars with necrotic pulps and irreversible pulpitis at 30months. However, long-term follow-up until the eruption of the permanent successor teeth is needed for more definitive assessments.