Article
Substance Abuse
Boyoung Jung, Jung Ah Lee, Ye-Jee Kim, Hong-Jun Cho
Summary: This study examines the association between quitting behaviors, cigarette consumption, and the proportion of hardcore smokers with smoking prevalence decline in South Korea. The findings suggest that there is no hardening of smoking in South Korea when smoking prevalence decreases. This highlights the effectiveness of tobacco control policies in reducing smoking prevalence without increasing the proportion of hardcore smokers.
Article
Substance Abuse
Hala Alaouie, Sumithra Krishnamurthy Reddiar, Malak Tleis, Lama El Kadi, Rima Afifi, Rima Nakkash
Summary: This paper provides an updated global review of waterpipe tobacco policies and adds an equity lens to assess their impact. The results show limited attention to waterpipe policies and equity considerations. The study recommends that waterpipe tobacco smoking policies prioritize equity as a goal.
Article
Orthopedics
Charles M. Lawrie, Wahid Y. Abu-Amer, John C. Clohisy
Summary: This study investigated the feasibility and responsiveness of PROMIS in total knee arthroplasty patients. It was found that PROMIS is feasible and time-efficient in BPCI patients undergoing primary TKA. There were no significant differences in outcomes between BPCI and non-BPCI knees.
JOURNAL OF ARTHROPLASTY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Stella A. Arthur, John P. Hirdes, George Heckman, Anne Morinville, Andrew P. Costa, Paul C. Hebert
Summary: This retrospective cohort study identified predictive factors for delayed discharge such as age, social vulnerability, specific medical conditions, and care needs. These characteristics can be easily identified using existing home care assessments, allowing for targeted preemptive interventions upon hospital admission.
Article
Substance Abuse
Emily Loscalzo, Alexander Levit, Robert C. Sterling, Stephen P. Weinstein
Summary: This study investigated the impact of Pay for Performance (P4P) on individuals undergoing opioid agonist treatment (OAT) for substance use disorders. Findings suggest that meeting P4P early engagement criteria may lead to reduced opioid use and increased treatment retention. Additionally, methadone dosage was found to have a significant effect on treatment outcomes at 6 months.
AMERICAN JOURNAL ON ADDICTIONS
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Lele Li, Shuo Zhang
Summary: This article highlights the importance of the transformation from retrospective to prospective payment system in improving the quality of public healthcare. Through a quasi-natural experiment in Chengdu, the author used the difference in difference method to estimate the impact of the global budget payment reform on healthcare outcomes. The study concludes that the reform has a significant positive effect on healthcare outcomes and improves the overall quality of public healthcare. Policy implications include exploring compound healthcare insurance payment methods, improving governance capabilities, reducing transaction costs, and optimizing healthcare resource allocation.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Reni Forer, Ruth Lev Bar-Or, Yaron Sela, Ariel Kor, Shaul Lev-Ran
Summary: The goal of this study was to examine attitudes and opinions regarding addiction in Israel. The results showed that respondents held significantly negative views towards individuals with addiction, but certain groups also expressed supportive opinions regarding treatment and policy. There was a positive association between stigmatizing attitudes and supportive opinions, suggesting a need for robust anti-stigma efforts and policy changes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH AND ADDICTION
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Martin J. McMahon, Aisling M. O'Connor, Paul Dunbar, Anna Delany, Laura Behan, Carol Grogan, Laura M. Keyes
Summary: This study investigated the incidence of death, primary causes of death, associations with facility characteristics, and differences between expected and unexpected deaths in residential care facilities for people with disability in Ireland. The study found that residents of congregated and larger settings had higher incidence of death, and respiratory diseases were the most common cause of death. There was overlap in the characteristics of expected and unexpected deaths, indicating the need for clearer definitions.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Seung Eun Yi, Vinyas Harish, Jahir Gutierrez, Mathieu Ravaut, Kathy Kornas, Tristan Watson, Tomi Poutanen, Marzyeh Ghassemi, Maksims Volkovs, Laura C. Rosella
Summary: This study used a machine learning model to predict the risk of hospitalization for ambulatory care sensitive conditions in older adults aged 65-74. The model identified various contributing factors and was able to capture the geospatial heterogeneity of risk in Ontario, Canada.
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Clara Pott, Tom Stargardt, Simon Frey
Summary: With the aim of reducing health expenditures and increasing transparency, prospective payment systems (PPS) have been implemented worldwide for inpatient care. However, the impact of PPS on key outcome indicators of quality of care is still uncertain. In this systematic review, evidence from studies published since 1983 in five languages was synthesized to analyze the effects of PPS on indicators of outcome quality in healthcare. The results indicate that claims of either significant harm or improvement in care quality due to PPS are not supported, and reductions in length of stay and treatment shifts to post-acute care facilities may occur.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Gerardine Anne Doyle, Shane O'Donnell, Kate Cullen, Etain Quigley, Sarah Gibney
Summary: This study explores the cost of care for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using time-driven activity-based costing (TDABC) and connects it to patient health outcomes. The results show that significant costs are incurred when patients develop acute complications, compared to maintaining patients at low or moderate risk. Additionally, variance analysis highlights the importance of having the right personnel doing the right tasks at the right time to control costs. Therefore, optimizing resource utilization can contribute to better patient outcomes.
Article
Environmental Studies
Bartosz Bartkowski, Nils Droste, Mareike Liess, William Sidemo-Holm, Ulrich Weller, Mark Brady
Summary: This paper proposes an alternative design for agricultural environmental subsidies called PAMR, which models results instead of measuring them, to overcome the practical disadvantages of result-based payments. PAMR combines most of the advantages of result-based and action-based schemes, and has the potential to address trade-offs among multiple policy objectives.
Review
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Danya Bakhbakhi, Dimitrios Siassakos, Anna Davies, Abi Merriel, Katie Barnard, Emma Stead, Clare Shakespeare, James M. N. Duffy, Lisa Hinton, Karolina McDowell, Anna Lyons, Abigail Fraser, Christy Burden, iCHOOSE Collaborat Grp
Summary: The research on interventions after stillbirth diagnosis lacks consistent outcome reporting and evidence improvement. The establishment of a core outcome set is necessary for standardizing outcome collection and reporting in stillbirth care research.
BJOG-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Substance Abuse
Alayna P. Tackett, Dae Hee Han, Natalia Peraza, Reid C. Whaley, Tyler Mason, Rael Cahn, Kurt Hong, Raina Pang, John Monterosso, Michelle K. Page, Maciej Lukasz Goniewicz, Adam M. Leventhal
Summary: This clinical experiment tested the effects of adding WS-23 or menthol cooling additives to e-cigarettes on user appeal and sensory attributes. The results show that adding WS-23 to e-cigarettes increases liking and willingness to use again, while reducing disliking and bitterness. The effects of the coolant did not differ based on base flavor, nicotine concentration, or tobacco use status.
Article
Substance Abuse
Andrea Weinberger, Lisa Dierker, Jiaqi Zhu, Jacob Levin, Renee Goodwin
Summary: This study estimated the prevalence of cigarette dependence among US individuals who smoke cigarettes by cannabis use status and investigated trends in cigarette dependence from 2002 to 2019. Results showed that individuals with daily cannabis use had a higher prevalence of cigarette dependence compared to those with non-daily or no cannabis use. Additionally, cigarette dependence increased among cigarette smokers with non-daily cannabis use and among light and moderate cigarette smokers with no cannabis use from 2002 to 2019. This suggests a need to understand the association between cannabis and cigarette dependence, given the increasing cannabis use among cigarette smokers.