Herbivore-induced resistance in different groundnut germplasm lines to Asian armyworm, Spodoptera litura (Fab.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Three groundnut germplasm lines, ICGV86699 (resistant), NCAC 343 (resistant) and TMV 2 (susceptible), were examined for Spodoptera litura (Fab.) resistance. Biochemical parameters such as oxidative enzyme activities, peroxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO), other defensive components such as total phenols, hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein contents were evaluated in these germplasm lines after 24, 48, 72 and 96 h following S. litura infestation to characterize the mechanism of resistance. Enzyme activities and total phenols, H(2)O(2), MDA and protein contents were increased following infestation; however, significance varied at different time intervals and among germplasm lines depending upon the induced level of resistance. The three germplasm lines differed in resistance mechanisms to S. litura and the resistance may be partly due to higher enzyme activities, and other components studied. Among the three germplasms tested, ICGV86699 showed greater elevation in POD and PPO activities and in phenolic and H(2)O(2) contents at different time intervals as compared to NCAC 343 and TMV 2.