Aluminum elicits tropane alkaloid production and antioxidant system activity in micropropagated Datura innoxia plantlets

One of the methods which enhances production of plant secondary metabolites including alkaloids is the use of abiotic elicitors in vitro. The aim of the study was the employment of aluminum (Al) as an abiotic elicitor in such concentrations, which were not stressful for the plant, to avoid intense growth limiting, but could elicit tropane alkaloid biosynthesis. The in vitro propagated plantlets of Datura innoxia were exposed to different concentrations of AlCl3 (0, 25, 75 and 225 mu M) to determine its effects on hyoscyamine and scopolamine contents in roots and shoots, which were analyzed by HPLC. Antioxidant enzyme activities were determined by spectrophotometer. Results showed that aluminum reduced shoots' and roots' fresh weights and the reduction in roots were more than the shoots. In addition, Al had significant positive effects on hyoscyamine and scopolamine contents especially in roots of the plantlets and AlCl3 caused ROS production in shoots. These findings suggest that aluminum can likely elicit the tropane alkaloid biosynthesis in D. innoxia plantlets in vitro.