Mammalian sex hormones stimulate antioxidant system and enhance growth of chickpea plants

In the present study, it was aimed to investigate the influence of exogenous mammalian sex hormones (MSH) (progesterone, beta-estradiol and androsterone) on the morphological (root and shoot growth) and biochemical parameters (protein and sugar content, antioxidant enzyme activities, and lipid peroxidation and H2O2 levels) of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) plants growing under control conditions. The solutions of hormones prepared at different concentrations (10(-4), 10(-6), 10(-9), 10(-12) and 10(-15) M) were sprayed once on the leaves of 7-day plants. The plants were harvested on 18 days after the hormone treatment. Although all of the hormones at the tested concentrations significantly increased plant growth, soluble protein and sugar contents, and antioxidant enzyme activities [superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX) and catalase (CAT)], they decreased H2O2 content and lipid peroxidation level when compared with control plants. The activities of SOD, POX and CAT reached to the highest levels at 10(-6) M for progesterone, and 10(-9) M for beta-estradiol and androsterone, which maximum growth, protein and sugar contents were determined. The same concentrations also resulted in the lowest levels for H2O2 content and lipid peroxidation. It can be interpreted that the MSH improve plant growth and development by affecting some biochemical parameters including antioxidative system.