Congenital malaria in neonates: two case reports and review of the literature

Congenital malaria is uncommon in nonendemic countries. We describe two cases involving neonates hospitalized with fever, anaemia and thrombocytopaenia. Thick and thin blood smears were positive for Plasmodium vivax (P. vivax) and P. ovale, respectively. These two cases were discussed regarding the literature and potential implications of HIV coinfection in the mother. Conclusion: Consistent data in the literature suggest that peripheral blood films should be performed in HIV-positive women who travelled to an endemic area or with a history of malaria prior to gestation. With today's travelling patterns, congenital malaria should be considered as an important differential diagnosis of neonatal sepsis.