Temporal changes of spinal subarachnoid space patency after graded spinal cord injury in rats

Introduction: Disturbances in spinal subarachnoid space (SSAS) patency after SCI have been reported as an incidental finding, but there is a lack of information on its in vivo extent and time course. For substances and cells carried in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to reach damaged neural tissue and promote reparative processes, CSF must be able to flow freely in SASS. Objective: To characterise the extent and time course of SSAS patency disruption in vivo in a rat model after graded SCI. Materials and methods: Anaesthetised rats were subjected to mild or severe cord contusion at T9. Estimation of SSAS patency was carried out at 1 h and 1, 3, 7, 15, 30 and 90 days postinjury, as well as in naive rats, by quantifying the passage of superparamagnetic beads injected into the CSF at the cisterna magna and recovered at spinal level L2. CSF volume recovery was measured simultaneously. Data were analysed by the two-way ANOVA test. Results: Estimation of SSAS patency revealed nearly complete blockage early after contusion that was unevenly restored entering the chronic stages. Volume of CSF recovered was also significantly decreased early after injury compared to naive rats, but was fully restored by 1 month postinjury. Overall, although modestly different from each other, changes in both parameters were more pronounced after severe rather than mild injuries for each time point examined. Conclusions: SCI alters SSAS patency. Its extent is a function primarily of time elapsed after lesion and secondly of injury severity. It is reasonable to expect that disturbances in SASS patency might alter CSF dynamics and impair self-reparative mechanisms and intrathecal therapeutics, making SSAS patency blockage a key target for SCI management. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.