Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Roberto B. Pontes, Erika E. Nishi, Renato O. Crajoinas, Maycon I. O. Milanez, Adriana C. C. Girardi, Ruy R. Campos, Cassia T. Bergamaschi
Summary: This study examined the effects of an acute increase in blood pressure and renal sympathetic nerve activity on sodium and water excretion and NHE3 activity. It was found that renal nerve stimulation independently decreased sodium and water excretion. However, when blood pressure was acutely increased during the stimulation, diuresis, natriuresis, and NHE3 activity inhibition were observed.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Yu Xu, Xuejie Fei, Hangjiang Fu, Aidong Chen, Xinrui Zhu, Feng Zhang, Ying Han
Summary: This study aimed to determine the roles of salusin-beta in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in modulating enhanced cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex (CSAR) and sympathetic hyperactivation in rats with chronic heart failure (CHF). The results showed that salusin-beta expression in the PVN was upregulated in CHF rats, and the injection of salusin-beta into the PVN increased blood pressure, renal sympathetic nerve activity, and CSAR. In addition, the use of anti-salusin-beta IgG produced opposite effects.
Review
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Kenichi Katsurada, Yukako Ogoyama, Yasushi Imai, Kaushik P. Patel, Kazuomi Kario
Summary: Excessive activation of the sympathetic nervous system is a hallmark of hypertension and heart failure, controlled by key areas such as the PVN in the central nervous system. The balance between brain renin-angiotensin system, nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species, and inflammatory responses influences sympathetic outflow, while renal denervation can have beneficial effects by interrupting these processes.
HYPERTENSION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Jugang Chen, Yingjie Chu, Meng Gao, Xin Dai, Bin Li, Xiufen Qu, Dechun Yin
Summary: This study found that local cardiac sympathetic afferent ablation (LCSAA) can inhibit activated astrocytes in the hypothalamus paraventricular (PVN), thus reducing ventricular arrhythmia (VA) in rats with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). LCSAA can decrease the activation of astrocytes and neurons in the PVN, as well as sympathetic nerve activity, leading to a decrease in VA occurrence. Activated astrocytes may play an important role in the enhanced cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex (CSAR) in AMI.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Integrative & Complementary Medicine
Jingya Wang, Qiumei Zhang, Lin Yao, Teng He, Xinyi Chen, Yang Su, Shengxuan Sun, Mengyue Fan, Jinglan Yan, Taiyi Wang, Meng Zhang, Feng Guo, Shiqing Mo, Manqi Lu, Meixia Zou, Liangjie Li, Qing Yuan, Huashan Pan, Yongjun Chen
Summary: This study found that electroacupuncture (EA) at the BL15 acupuncture point effectively prevented circulatory dysfunction in a rat model of atrial fibrillation. The treatment restored impaired vascular contraction and relaxation caused by atrial fibrillation and blocked abnormal activity of the autonomic nervous system. Importantly, excessive activation of PVN neurons diminished the protective effects of EA treatment on atrial fibrillation-induced circulatory dysfunction.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Huanjuan Su, Zhichen Yang, Ying Zhang, Bihui Yang, Zhanmei Zhou, Cailing Su, Wei Cao
Summary: In mouse models of ureteral obstruction, an overactive central pathway driven by kidney afferent nerves activating angiotensin II signaling is identified as the cause of kidney fibrosis after relief of the obstruction. Manipulating these neural elements could be a potential treatment strategy. Similar evidence is found in human post-obstructed kidneys, suggesting the importance of targeting sympathetic nerve activity in fibrotic outcomes.
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Fang-Zheng Wang, Pei Qian, Mu-Yue Liu, Lei Ding, Hong-Yu Wang, Qian Wang, Zi-Yang Ding, Fei-Yu Jin, Rui-Gang Li, Ye-Bo Zhou
Summary: This study investigated the effects of nitric oxide (NO) and adrenomedullin (ADM) in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) on the adipose afferent reflex (AAR) and sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) in obesity-related hypertension (OH) rats. The results showed that PVN ADM decreased basal SNA and attenuated the enhanced AAR in OH rats. Bilateral PVN microinjection of ADM increased NO and cGMP levels, as well as nNOS phosphorylation. Adeno-associated virus vectors encoding ADM transfection improved AAR, SNA, blood pressure, and vascular remodeling in OH rats.
JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Jessica A. Fawley, Deborah M. Hegarty, Sue A. Aicher, Eric Beaumont, Michael C. Andresen
Summary: The study examined the synaptic characteristics of PVN-projecting NTS neurons in rat brainstem slices, revealing that these neurons receive direct and indirect information from the vagus nerve and are associated with TRPV1 expression.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hao Yu, Qiyao Yu, Yuan Mi, Ping Wang, Sheng Jin, Lin Xiao, Qi Guo, Yuming Wu
Summary: The present study explored the relationship between cardiovascular conditions and aging. D-galactose (D-gal) was used to induce an accelerated aging model and evaluate the effects of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on aging-related cardiovascular risk factors and mechanisms. The results showed that D-gal treatment increased the levels of p16, p53, p21 proteins, and senescence-associated beta-galactosidase staining. The greater sympathetic responses in aged rats were associated with increased inflammation, as well as decreased levels of klotho in the paraventricular nucleus. However, the administration of H2S reduced sympathetic activity and improved cellular senescence, inflammation, and klotho levels.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jing Wang, Linshan Sun, Jingjing You, Honghai Peng, Haijing Yan, Jiangong Wang, Fengjiao Sun, Minghu Cui, Sanwang Wang, Zheng Zhang, Xueli Fan, Dunjiang Liu, Cuilan Liu, Changyun Qiu, Chao Chen, Zhicheng Xu, Jinbo Chen, Wei Li, Bin Liu
Summary: Chronic stress induces depression and insulin resistance, and there is a bidirectional relationship between them. This study reveals the involvement of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in depression and insulin resistance induced by chronic stress. The activation of PVN neurons plays a role in increasing sympathetic innervation of adipose tissues, downregulating several adipokines, and leading to depression and insulin resistance.
Article
Neurosciences
Jean Faber, Maycon I. O. Milanez, Cristiano S. Simoes, Ruy R. Campos
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the specific spectral patterns of sympathetic vasomotor activation controlled by the PVN. The results showed that each nerve activity (renal and splanchnic) had its own electrophysiological pattern of frequency-coded rhythm. Furthermore, blockade of AT1 receptors had an impact on the spectral features of sympathetic nerve activity.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Hong Zheng, Tapan A. Patel, Xuefei Liu, Kaushik P. Patel
Summary: In this study, the researchers found that C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) may serve as a potential mediator of sympatho-inhibition within the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Microinjection of CNP into the PVN significantly decreased renal sympathetic nerve activity, mean arterial pressure, and heart rate. The effects of CNP on PVN neurons projecting to the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) were mediated by the natriuretic peptide receptor type C (NPR-C).
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiao-Li Wang, Jing-Xiao Wang, Jun-Liu Chen, Wen-Yuan Hao, Wen-Zhou Xu, Zhi-Qin Xu, Yu-Tong Jiang, Pei-Qi Luo, Qi Chen, Yue-Hua Li, Guo-Qing Zhu, Xiu-Zhen Li
Summary: This study discovered that high expression of asprosin in the PVN increased sympathetic outflow and blood pressure via the cAMP-PKA signaling-mediated NADPH oxidase activation and subsequent superoxide production. These findings highlight the important role of asprosin in regulating sympathetic and cardiovascular function.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Yang Yu, Baojian Xue, Nafis Md Irfan, Terry Beltz, Robert M. Weiss, Alan Kim Johnson, Robert B. Felder, Shun-Guang Wei
Summary: Interventions suppressing TACE activity in the brain can mitigate neuroinflammation, sympathetic activation, and cardiac dysfunction in rats with heart failure.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Yuanyuan Fan, Enshe Jiang, Huanjia Gao, Jeremy Bigalke, Bojun Chen, Chunxiu Yu, Qinghui Chen, Zhiying Shan
Summary: The study showed that hyperactivity of the orexin system activates CaMKII expression in the PVN, leading to increased sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure. Furthermore, orexin-A treatment increases CaMKII expression and phosphorylation in OX1R-expressing PC12 cells, as well as CaMKII activation in cultured hypothalamic neurons. Additionally, optogenetic excitation of PVN CaMKII-expressing neurons results in robust increases in RSNA and BP in SD rats.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)