Journal
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY
Volume 308, Issue 2, Pages H135-H145Publisher
AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00532.2014
Keywords
cardiac hypertrophy; sex and exercise; diet; soy
Funding
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [HL-50560, HL-098256]
- National and Mentored Research Science Development Award [K01-AR-052840]
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Independent Scientist Award [K02-HL-105799]
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The heart adapts to exercise stimuli in a sex-dimorphic manner when mice are fed the traditional soy-based chow. Females undergo more voluntary exercise (4 wk) than males and exhibit more cardiac hypertrophy per kilometer run (18, 32). We have found that diet plays a critical role in cage wheel exercise and cardiac adaptation to the exercise stimulus in this sex dimorphism. Specifically, feeding male mice a casein-based, soy-free diet increases daily running distance over soy-fed counterparts to equal that of females. Moreover, casein-fed males have a greater capacity to increase their cardiac mass in response to exercise compared with soy-fed males. To further explore the biochemical mechanisms for these differences, we performed a candidate-based RT-PCR screen on genes previously implicated in diet-or exercise-based cardiac hypertrophy. Of the genes screened, many exhibit significant exercise, diet, or sex effects but only transforming growth factor-beta 1 shows a significant three-way interaction with no genes showing a two-way interaction. Finally, we show that the expression and activity of adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase-alpha 2 and acetyl-CoA carboxylase is dependent on exercise, diet, and sex.
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