Isorhamnetin protects mice from lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury via the inhibition of inflammatory responses

Isorhamnetin (Isor), a 3-O-methylated metabolite of quercetin, has shown antioxidant and anti-proliferative effects in previous studies. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of Isor on LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Accordingly, we evaluated the effect of Isor on cytokine production elevated by LPS (1 mu g/ml) in vitro. An in vivo ALI murine model was also established via lipopolysaccharide inhalation (LPS, 20 mg/kg), and the cytokine levels and inflammatory cell count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were evaluated. The observed lung injury was assessed using histopathologic sections via H&E straining. Furthermore, to investigate whether the anti-inflammatory effect of Isor is associated with NF-kappa B and MAPKs pathway activation, the phosphorylated levels of ERK, JNK, I kappa Ba and NF-kappa B(p65) were determined. Isor significantly inhibited LPS-induced TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and IL-6 secretion both in vitro and in vivo. Neutrophil infiltration and edema in an ALI model were substantially alleviated. The histopathological changes induced by LPS were lessened by Isor. Additionally, Isor notably suppressed the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, I kappa Ba and NF-kappa B(p65) activated by LPS in vivo. Isor showed efficient protective effects on an LPS-induced ALI model. MAPKs and NF-kappa B pathways are critical for Isor to perform its protective effects.