Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Nicola Campomenosi, Marco Scambelluri, Ross J. Angel, Joerg Hermann, Mattia L. Mazzucchelli, Boriana Mihailova, Francesca Piccoli, Matteo Alvaro
Summary: Studying the ultrahigh-pressure whiteschists of the Brossasco-Isasca unit in the Western Alps reveals the diversity of garnet growth environments at different temperatures and pressures, indicating discrepancies between classical thermodynamic modelling and elastic thermobarometry.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
F. Zhu, G. H. Xing, G. J. Lyu, L. T. Zhang, Yun-Jiang Wang, Y. Yang, J. M. Pelletier, J. C. Qiao
Summary: Dynamic mechanical relaxation is an important metric for studying viscoelastic amorphous solids. The relaxation behavior of amorphous solids, due to their heterogeneous microstructure, often deviates from the Debye relaxation. The distribution of relaxation time based on the stretched exponential function or power law is commonly used to describe non-Debye relaxation, but its applicability to real amorphous materials is still under discussion.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Q. H. Xu, L. L. Lu, Q. Yan, F. G. Chen, Aditya Jain, Y. Lin, H. Z. Zhou, Y. G. Wang
Summary: This study investigated the structure and magnetic properties of Fe-based amorphous alloys with different Si and Cu contents. It was found that the addition of Si increased structural heterogeneity and B relaxation, while the addition of Cu weakened them. Moreover, the increase of liquid-like regions led to a decrease in saturation magnetic flux density and an increase in coercivity.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Pinar Oruc, Neslihan Turan, Sukru Cavdar, Nihat Tugluoglu, Haluk Koralay
Summary: TiO2 powder was prepared using sol-gel methods and annealed at different temperatures to obtain three different crystal structures. X-ray diffraction was used to determine the crystal structures, and other methods were used to determine crystal parameters. Capacitance and conductance measurements were taken, and the dielectric constant was found to be stable for the rutile crystal structure. The dielectric values for the samples at different frequencies were also calculated.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Hairul Abral, Melati Krista Chairani, Muhammad Dinul Rizki, Melbi Mahardika, Dian Handayani, Eni Sugiarti, Ahmad Novi Muslimin, S. M. Sapuan, R. A. Ilyas
Summary: This study investigates the effects of two different levels of humidity on compressed bacterial cellulose nanopaper film, showing significant differences in tensile properties under different humidity levels. The film exhibited decreased tensile strength and modulus, but increased elongation at break when stored in higher humidity conditions.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
Yuan-Jung Chang, Rong-Yeu Chang, Tim A. Osswald
Summary: The study focuses on the bulk viscoelasticity and viscosity of an amorphous polymer, polystyrene, in polymer processing. The effects of bulk viscosity on mechanical pressure variations during injection molding are investigated. A three-element-based constitutive model is proposed to describe bulk viscoelasticity and significantly improves the predictions compared to the existing generalized Newtonian fluid model.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Emanuele Boattini, Frank Smallenburg, Laura Filion
Summary: The key structural ingredient to predicting the local dynamics of supercooled liquids is the ability to consider both the local structure around a central particle and averaged structural features centered around nearby particles. This insight has been exploited to design a significantly more efficient model with essentially the same predictive power but with a fraction of the computational complexity.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Q. H. Xu, S. S. Jiang, F. G. Chen, Aditya Jain, Y. Lin, Y. G. Wang
Summary: Studies have shown that beta relaxation and structural heterogeneity in Fe-Zr-B amorphous alloys have a significant impact on soft magnetic properties, with an increase in Zr/B ratio leading to a decrease in the ratio of beta to alpha relaxation temperature and correlation length. Alloys with easily activated beta relaxation or more heterogeneous structure exhibit poorer soft magnetic properties, including a reduction in saturation magnetic flux density and an increase in coercivity.
JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Chunguo Zhang, Shuai Luan
Summary: This study proposes a method to measure equivalent residual stress in real time during fatigue cycling, which can monitor the residual stress in welded joints.
FATIGUE & FRACTURE OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS & STRUCTURES
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Long Hou, Pengfei Shen, Benjun Wang, Qizhong Shang, Li Liu, Ying Huang, Hancheng Feng, Ji Sun, Haishun Liu, Weihuo Li
Summary: This study reports on the significant secondary (β) relaxation process in FeP(B)CCu amorphous alloys with different microstructures, revealing local heterogeneity at the atomic scale. Thermodynamic analysis indicates that the amorphous matrix exhibits more local structural heterogeneities compared to the partially crystallized alloy, attributed to the low activation energy of β relaxation and the high activation energy of crystallization. The physical aging process below the crystallization temperature demonstrates that atomic rearrangement supports the weakening of β relaxation amplitude and the increase of storage modulus, consistent with the increased reduced modulus and hardness obtained from nanoindentation tests. Moreover, the creep curves fitted with the Maxwell-Voigt model reveal that the diffusion and rearrangement of atoms in loosely packed zones corresponding to β relaxation are more active during aging. These findings provide new insights into the dynamic relaxation behavior of FePBCCu amorphous alloy and make it an ideal system for investigating the correlation between relaxation and mechanical deformation.
MATERIALS TODAY COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Bulat N. Galimzyanov, Anatolii Mokshin
Summary: The porous titanium nickelide is characterized by unique physical and mechanical properties, and the degree of porosity affects its mechanical behavior under tension, compression, and shear. Different types of pore structures influence the elastic characteristics and resistance to tensile and shear, providing insights for developing and improving amorphous metal foams.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
E. Alfinelli, F. Caporaletti, F. Dallari, A. Martinelli, G. Monaco, B. Ruta, M. Sprung, M. Zanatta, G. Baldi
Summary: The atomic displacements induced by a low energy x-ray beam in pure boron oxide and sodium silicate glasses were studied using x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. The initial glass was completely transformed into a new amorphous state under the beam, which remained stable. The restructuring of the new phase showed exponential relaxation similar to macroscopic measurements in the high-temperature supercooled liquid, suggesting a higher energy minimum. The observed dynamics had a temperature dependence, indicating thermal activation of defect creation.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Changjiu Chen, Rui Zhao, Bangjie Yin, Suresh Mavila Chathoth, Akihisa Inoue, Jan Peter Embs, Fan Zhang, Yezeng He, Xiong Li, Zheng Chen, Ping Zhang, Baolong Shen
Summary: The intrinsic heterogeneity of metallic glasses is hidden in long-range disordered structures. This study used state-of-the-art techniques to study the atomic relaxation dynamics, dynamic heterogeneity, diffusion coefficient and crystallization behavior in Pd40Ni40P20 metallic glass. Results showed that dynamic heterogeneity increases with decreasing temperature and a dynamic crossover occurs. Ultrafast scanning calorimetry combined with conventional calorimetry provided insights into the liquid thermal history and its effects on glass formation, transition and crystallization.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Maxim Arbuzov, Serhii Tokariev, Oleksii Hubar, Volodymyr Andrieiev, Volodymyr Suslov
Summary: The main purpose of a rail fastening system is to prevent longitudinal rail displacement and track disturbance. This study focuses on the relaxation phenomenon of elastic clamps used in rail fastenings. The research found that the relaxation of elastic clamps follows a curvilinear dependence on time, with the intensity attenuating after one year of operation. Additionally, the level of operating stresses also affects the relaxation, with higher stresses resulting in greater relaxation.
ACTA POLYTECHNICA HUNGARICA
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Raffaele Pastore, Ciro Siviello, Domenico Larobina
Summary: Research suggests that anomalous aging in soft glassy materials is closely related to ultra-long-range dynamical correlations, which may be a common feature.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kamila Salasinska, Maciej Celinski, Kamila Mizera, Mateusz Barczewski, Pawel Kozikowski, Michal K. Leszczynski, Agata Domanska
Summary: This study investigated the fire behavior of unsaturated polyester resin modified with a novel intumescent fire retardant. The addition of the fire retardant resulted in the formation of carbonaceous char, inhibiting thermal decomposition, burning rate, and smoke emission. The most promising results were obtained for the resin containing 30 wt. % of the fire retardant, showing a significant reduction in heat release rate and smoke release compared to unmodified polymer, although water resistance was a concern.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Kamila Salasinska, Milena Leszczynska, Maciej Celinski, Pawel Kozikowski, Krystian Kowiorski, Ludwika Lipinska
Summary: This study evaluated the fire behavior of polyurethane foam with a non-halogen fire retardant system containing histidine and modified graphene oxide. Results indicated that the HGO(A) system showed significant improvement in reducing smoke emissions and heat release compared to a commercial fire retardant, suggesting its potential as a candidate for reducing flammability of PU foams.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Malgorzata Okrasa, Milena Leszczynska, Kamila Salasinska, Leonard Szczepkowski, Pawel Kozikowski, Katarzyna Majchrzycka, Joanna Ryszkowska
Summary: The study aimed to develop viscoelastic polyurethane foams for respiratory protective devices seals, analyzing the impact of different formulations on foam performance. Higher I-NCO and water content levels resulted in decreased density and increased pore size of the foam, while functional parameters were found to be satisfactory at lower I-NCO and water content levels.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Kamila Salasinska, Mikelis Kirpluks, Peteris Cabulis, Andrejs Kovalovs, Eduard Skukis, Pawel Kozikowski, Maciej Celinski, Kamila Mizera, Marta Galecka, Kaspars Kalnins, Ugis Cabulis
Summary: This study used various fabrics and fillers to manufacture epoxy-based hybrid composites, and investigated their performance and burning behavior through multiple methods. The results showed that the mechanical properties were related to the microstructure and thermogravimetric analysis data.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Mateusz Kaminski, Jakub M. Gac, Piotr Sobiech, Pawel Kozikowski, Szymon Jakubiak, Tomasz Jankowski
Summary: The dynamics of filtration efficiency and pressure drop during the simultaneous filtration of soot and oil aerosols on single-and multi-layer filters were investigated. The addition of oil aerosols decreased the filtration efficiency and lowered the pressure drop increase rate for multi-layer filters. Furthermore, for aerosols containing soot and high oil concentrations, an efficiency decrease occurred once maximum filtration efficiency was reached. The system imperfection factor and modified single fibre efficiency method were proposed to predict the efficiency and calculate filter mass change.
AEROSOL AND AIR QUALITY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Agnieszka Brochocka, Aleksandra Nowak, Pawel Kozikowski
Summary: The study introduced polymer non-woven fabrics with carbon sorbents to test their breakthrough time and protection against vapors present in smog. Increasing carbon sorbent quantity prolongs breakthrough time, but may also increase air flow resistance. A balance must be found between protective parameters and functionality, with optimal filter composition determined by comparing breakthrough times for different carbon sorbent quantities. High sorbent-specific surface area directly translates to greater filter performance.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Kamila Salasinska, Peteris Cabulis, Mikelis Kirpluks, Andrejs Kovalovs, Pawel Kozikowski, Mateusz Barczewski, Maciej Celinski, Kamila Mizera, Marta Galecka, Eduard Skukis, Kaspars Kalnins, Ugis Cabulis, Anna Boczkowska
Summary: The production method and fabric layout have a significant impact on the mechanical and fire behavior of hybrid layered composites. Composites made by vacuum bagging exhibit lower flammability and smoke emission, making them suitable for industries with high requirements such as railways and automotive.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Malgorzata Okrasa, Milena Leszczynska, Kamila Salasinska, Leonard Szczepkowski, Pawel Kozikowski, Adriana Nowak, Justyna Szulc, Agnieszka Adamus-Wlodarczyk, Michal Gloc, Katarzyna Majchrzycka, Joanna Ryszkowska
Summary: This study aims to develop viscoelastic polyurethane foams for better fit and comfort in respiratory protective devices (RPDs). Various tests and analyses were conducted to determine the direction for improving foam properties.
Correction
Chemistry, Physical
Kamila Salasinska, Milena Leszczynska, Maciej Celinski, Pawel Kozikowski, Krystian Kowiorski, Ludwika Lipinska
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Pawel Kozikowski, Piotr Sobiech
Summary: The aim of this study was to determine the usability of electron microscopy in assessing inhalation exposure and extracting morphological information. The results showed that electron microscopy could provide a more accurate observation of the morphological parameters of nanoparticles compared to real-time spectroscopy measurements.
JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Agnieszka Greszta, Grazyna Bartkowiak, Anna Dabrowska, Eulalia Gliscinska, Waldemar Machnowski, Pawel Kozikowski
Summary: This study assessed the use of developed nonwoven inserts with aerogel/PCM microcapsules in cold protective clothing, aiming to improve thermophysiological comfort properties. The results showed that the use of aerogel reduced the thermal conductivity of the insert, while PCM microcapsules improved heat absorption and release. Therefore, the use of aerogel and PCM in cold protective clothing is an effective solution.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Sebastian Staszko, Marzena Polka, Pawel Kozikowski
Summary: This paper presents the influence of selected flame retardant additives on heat release rate and thermokinetics properties of epoxy materials made of epoxy resin-Epidian 5. The results show that adding Mg(OH)(2) or Roflam F5 and Al(OH)(3) can reduce the heat release rate and increase the thermal decomposition temperature.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Monika Borucka, Kamila Mizera, Jan Przybysz, Pawel Kozikowski, Agnieszka Gajek
Summary: This study provides valuable data on the specific toxic products released from commercially used flexible polyurethane foams (FPUFs) during fires. The study utilized a steady-state tube furnace to generate combustion and thermal degradation products under different fire conditions. The results show that the emission of carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, and other harmful organic compounds during the degradation and combustion of FPUFs poses a serious threat to human life and health.
Article
Polymer Science
Mateusz Kaminski, Jakub M. Gac, Piotr Sobiech, Pawel Kozikowski, Tomasz Jankowski
Summary: This study investigates the dynamics of pressure drop during the filtration of three-component mixture aerosols and compares them with two and single-component aerosols. The addition of a small quantity of liquid and solid particles during the filtration of aerosols containing water mist is of particular interest. The study also compares the calculations of filter mass change during oil aerosol filtration with experimental results.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Mateusz Kaminski, Jakub M. Gac, Piotr Sobiech, Pawel Kozikowski, Tomasz Jankowski
Summary: This study developed a methodology for calculating aerosol filtration efficiency using non-woven filters with polydispersity distribution of fiber diameters. The results show that dividing the diameter distribution into multiple ranges can minimize the error caused by the underrepresentation of the fiber distribution.
AEROSOL AND AIR QUALITY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Y. Liu, K. Zweiacker, C. Liu, J. T. McKeown, J. M. K. Wiezorek
Summary: The evolution of rapid solidification microstructure and solidification interface velocity of hypereutectic Al-20at.%Cu alloy after laser melting has been studied experimentally. It was found that the formation of microstructure was dominated by eutectic, alpha-cell, and banded morphology grains, and the growth modes changed with increasing interface velocity.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Bharat Gwalani, Julian Escobar, Miao Song, Jonova Thomas, Joshua Silverstein, Andrew Chihpin Chuang, Dileep Singh, Michael P. Brady, Yukinori Yamamoto, Thomas R. Watkins, Arun Devaraj
Summary: Castable alumina forming austenitic alloys exhibit superior creep life and oxidation resistance at high temperatures. This study reveals the mechanism behind the enhanced creep performance of these alloys by suppressing primary carbide formation and offers a promising alloy design strategy for high-temperature applications.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jian Song, Qi Zhang, Songsong Yao, Kunming Yang, Houyu Ma, Jiamiao Ni, Boan Zhong, Yue Liu, Jian Wang, Tongxiang Fan
Summary: Recent studies have shown that achieving an atomically flat surface for metals can greatly improve their oxidation resistance and enhance their electronic-optical applications. Researchers have explored the use of graphene as a covering layer to achieve atomically flat surfaces. They found that high-temperature deposited graphene on copper surfaces formed mono-atomic steps, while annealed copper and transferred graphene on copper interfaces formed multi-atomic steps.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jennifer A. Glerum, Jon-Erik Mogonye, David C. Dunand
Summary: Elemental powders of Al, Ti, Sc, and Zr are blended and processed via laser powder-bed fusion to create binary and ternary alloys. The microstructural analysis and mechanical testing show that the addition of Ti results in the formation of primary precipitates, while the addition of Sc and Zr leads to the formation of fine grain bands. The Al-0.25Ti-0.25Zr alloy exhibits comparable strain rates to Al-0.5Zr at low stresses, but significantly higher strain rates at higher stresses during compressive creep testing. Finite element modeling suggests that the connectivity of coarse and fine grain regions is a critical factor affecting the creep resistance of the alloys.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
P. Jannotti, B. C. Hornbuckle, J. T. Lloyd, N. Lorenzo, M. Aniska, T. L. Luckenbaugh, A. J. Roberts, A. Giri, K. A. Darling
Summary: This work characterizes the thermo-mechanical behavior of bulk nanocrystalline Cu-Ta alloys under extreme conditions. The experiments reveal that the alloys exhibit unique mechanical properties, behaving differently from conventional nanocrystalline Cu. They do not undergo grain coarsening during extrusion and exhibit behavior similar to coarse-grained Cu.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yiqing Wei, Jingwei Li, Daliang Zhang, Bin Zhang, Zizhen Zhou, Guang Han, Guoyu Wang, Carmelo Prestipino, Pierric Lemoine, Emmanuel Guilmeau, Xu Lu, Xiaoyuan Zhou
Summary: This study proposes a new strategy to modify microstructure by phase regulation, which can simultaneously enhance carrier mobility and reduce lattice thermal conductivity. The addition of Cu in layered SnSe2 induces a phase transition that leads to increased grain size and reduced stacking fault density, resulting in improved carrier mobility and lower lattice thermal conductivity.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jia Chen, Zhengyu Zhang, Eitan Hershkovitz, Jonathan Poplawsky, Raja Shekar Bhupal Dandu, Chang-Yu Hung, Wenbo Wang, Yi Yao, Lin Li, Hongliang Xin, Honggyu Kim, Wenjun Cai
Summary: In this study, the structural origin of the pH-dependent repassivation mechanisms in multi-principal element alloys (MPEA) was investigated using surface characterization and computational simulations. It was found that selective oxidation in acidic to neutral solutions leads to enhanced nickel enrichment on the surface, resulting in reduced repassivation capability and corrosion resistance.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
X. Y. Xu, C. P. Huang, H. Y. Wang, Y. Z. Li, M. X. Huang
Summary: The limited slip systems of magnesium (Mg) and its alloys hinder their wide applications. By conducting tensile straining experiments, researchers discovered a rate-dependent transition in the dislocation mechanisms of Mg alloys. At high strain rates, glissile dislocations dominate, while easy-glide dislocations dominate at low strain rates. Abundant glissile dislocations do not necessarily improve ductility.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
M. S. Szczerba, M. J. Szczerba
Summary: Inverse temperature dependences of the detwinning stress were observed in face-centered cubic deformation twins in Cu-8at.%Al alloy. The detwinning stress increased with temperature when the pi detwinning mode was involved, but decreased when the pi/3 mode was involved. The dual effect of temperature on the detwinning stress was due to the reduction of internal stresses pre-existing within the deformation twins. The complete reduction of internal stresses at about 530 degrees C led to the equivalence of the critical stresses of different detwinning modes and a decrease in the yield stress anisotropy of the twin/matrix structure.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Taowen Dong, Tingting Qin, Wei Zhang, Yaowen Zhang, Zhuoran Feng, Yuxiang Gao, Zhongyu Pan, Zixiang Xia, Yan Wang, Chunming Yang, Peng Wang, Weitao Zheng
Summary: The interaction between the electrode and the electric double layer (EDL) significantly influences the energy storage mechanism. By studying the popular alpha-Fe2O3 electrode and the EDL interaction, we find that the energy storage mechanism of the electrode can be controlled by modulating the EDL.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Matthew R. Barnett, Jun Wang, Sitarama R. Kada, Alban de Vaucorbeil, Andrew Stevenson, Marc Fivel, Peter A. Lynch
Summary: The elastic-plastic transition in magnesium alloy Mg-4.5Zn exhibits bursts of deformation, which are characterized by sudden changes in grain orientation. These bursts occur in a coordinated manner among nearby grains, with the highest burst rate observed at the onset of full plasticity. The most significant burst events are associated with twinning, supported by the observation of twinned structures using electron microscopy. The bursts are often preceded and followed by a stasis in peak movement, indicating a certain "birth size" for twins upon formation and subsequent growth at a later stage.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Vaidehi Menon, Sambit Das, Vikram Gavini, Liang Qi
Summary: Understanding solute segregation thermodynamics is crucial for investigating grain boundary properties. The spectral approach and thermodynamic integration methods can be used to predict solute segregation behavior at grain boundaries and compare with experimental observations, thus aiding in alloy design and performance control.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Feiyu Qin, Lei Hu, Yingcai Zhu, Yuki Sakai, Shogo Kawaguchi, Akihiko Machida, Tetsu Watanuki, Yue-Wen Fang, Jun Sun, Xiangdong Ding, Masaki Azuma
Summary: This study reports on the negative and zero thermal expansion properties of Cd2Re2O7 and Cd1.95Ni0.05Re2O7 materials, along with their ultra-low thermal conductivity. Through investigations of their structures and phonon calculations, the synergistic effect of local structure distortion and soft phonons is revealed as the key to achieving these distinctive properties.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Thomas Beerli, Christian C. Roth, Dirk Mohr
Summary: A novel testing system for miniature specimens is designed to characterize the plastic response of materials for which conventional full-size specimens cannot be extracted. The system has an automated operation process, which reduces the damage to specimens caused by manual handling and improves the stability of the test results. The experiments show that the miniature specimens extracted from stainless steel and aluminum have high reproducibility, and the results are consistent with those of conventional-sized specimens. A correction procedure is provided to consider the influence of surface roughness and heat-affected zone caused by wire EDM.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Rani Mary Joy, Paulius Pobedinskas, Nina Baule, Shengyuan Bai, Daen Jannis, Nicolas Gauquelin, Marie-Amandine Pinault-Thaury, Francois Jomard, Kamatchi Jothiramalingam Sankaran, Rozita Rouzbahani, Fernando Lloret, Derese Desta, Jan D'Haen, Johan Verbeeck, Michael Frank Becker, Ken Haenen
Summary: This study investigates the influence of film microstructure and composition on the Young's modulus and residual stress in nanocrystalline diamond thin films. The results provide insights into the mechanical properties and intrinsic stress sources of these films, and demonstrate the potential for producing high-quality nanocrystalline diamond films under certain conditions.
