Nervous control of fish swimbladders

The swimbladder of teleost fish receives a rich and complex innervation by nerve fibres of the autonomic nervous system. While an understanding of the form and function of a non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic innervation is slowly emerging, the pattern of control by the classical cholinergic and adrenergic innervation is becoming relatively well, understood. This short review describes the autonomic innervation patterns, and attempts to summarise the rote of cholinergic and adrenergic pathways in the control. of gas secretion and resorption in the teleost swimbladder. (C) 2008 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.