Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sulagna Dutta, Pallav Sengupta, Shubhadeep Roychoudhury, Srikumar Chakravarthi, Chee Woon Wang, Petr Slama
Summary: The pathophysiology of male infertility involves various endogenous pathways, with oxidative stress and inflammation being two core mechanisms. Antioxidant therapy plays an important role in treating male infertility, but its limitations lie in the lack of accurate detection of oxidative stress and the failure to simultaneously target inflammation.
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Kaustav Banerjee, Debojit Bhattacherjee, Sulendar K. Mahato, Abu Sufian, Krishna Pada Bhabak
Summary: The synthesis and antioxidant activities of three new classes of ionic organoselenium compounds with cationic benzimidazolium and imidazolium ring systems containing selenocyanates as counterions were described. Mechanistic studies showed the feasibility of cyclization processes in the presence of potassium selenocyanate (KSeCN). The cyclic selenazolium and selenazinium compounds exhibited significantly higher antioxidant activities than the corresponding acyclic selenocyanates, possibly due to their cationic nature which may target and scavenge mitochondrial ROS in the cellular medium.
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tarun Pant, Nnamdi Uche, Matea Juric, Zeljko J. Bosnjak
Summary: Metabolic imbalances and persistent hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus drive the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to vascular complications. Recent studies show that changes in long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) regulate mitochondrial function in oxidative stress. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidants (MTAs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic option for managing oxidative stress-induced diseases. This review discusses the potential of lncRNA as a diagnostic biomarker and regulator of oxidative stress in diabetes-associated vascular complications, as well as the use of MTAs in animal models and clinical trials.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Katherine L. Houlihan, Petros P. Keoseyan, Amber N. Juba, Tigran Margaryan, Max E. Voss, Alexander M. Babaoghli, Justin M. Norris, Greg J. Adrian, Artak Tovmasyan, Lori M. Buhlman
Summary: Loss-of-function parkin mutations lead to oxidative stress and degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. In this study, the researchers found that the absence of parkin in fruit flies resulted in sustained increase of mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide levels in vulnerable neurons, as well as dysregulation of glutathione redox equilibrium. Supplementation of folic acid improved these abnormalities but did not mitigate whole-brain oxidative stress.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Atsushi Kawase, Momoko Hatanaka, Naoya Matsuda, Hiroaki Shimada, Masahiro Iwaki
Summary: This study demonstrates the alterations in Slc25a39/40 expression in mice with cholestasis-associated renal injury and LPS-induced inflammation, providing insights into the regulation of this protein expression.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Manuel Alfaro Gomez, Maria del Rocio Fernandez-Santos, Alejandro Jurado-Campos, Pedro Javier Soria-Meneses, Vidal Montoro Angulo, Ana Josefa Soler, Jose Julian Garde, Virginia Rodriguez-Robledo
Summary: Male infertility involves various factors, including oxidative stress (OS). The relationship between OS and male infertility has been widely studied, and new terms have been proposed to describe infertile men with high OS levels. Evidence-based antioxidant treatments that directly improve seminal parameters or birth ratio are currently lacking. The use of antioxidants for treating male infertility is controversial, with uncertainties about their efficacy and dosage. In addition, the interdependence between the inflammatory process and oxidative stress is often overlooked. Recent research trends include the use of molecules with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential, as well as new methods for reliable quantification of OS and diagnosis.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Claudia M. Deus, Jose Teixeira, Nuno Raimundo, Paolo Tucci, Fernanda Borges, Luciano Saso, Paulo J. Oliveira
Summary: Parkinson's disease is an incurable neurodegenerative movement disorder characterized by dopaminergic cell neurodegeneration. Oxidative stress, especially mitochondrial dysfunction, plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Modulating oxidative stress, particularly using dietary mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, may be a promising approach to prevent or treat Parkinson's disease.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jade Nguyen
Summary: Redox homeostasis is crucial for maintaining cell function, and its disruption is linked to various diseases. The balance of reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione plays a significant role in regulating redox state. However, the ratio of GSH to GSSG varies across different compartments in eukaryotic cells. To investigate the impact of oxidative stress on specific organelles, there is a need for chemical probes that can modulate GSH/GSSG levels. In this study, we highlight the importance of trialkylphosphines in inducing reductive stress and demonstrate its selective targeting to mitochondria. Our probe is activated by endogenous nitroreductases and releases tributylphosphine, which triggers redox stress specifically in mitochondria. Mechanistic studies reveal that this stress activates a cellular response mediated by the transcription factor ATF4, which upregulates genes involved in glutathione metabolism.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Xin Liu, Xiaofan Wang, Jing Chang, Hongmin Zhang, Pengxiu Cao
Summary: Oxidative stress, caused by an imbalance in oxidant/antioxidant processes, plays a critical role in pulmonary diseases. The relationship between oxidative stress and pulmonary diseases needs to be comprehensively studied to identify effective therapeutics. This review analyzed publications related to oxidative stress and pulmonary diseases over four periods, revealing the association between oxidative stress and lung injury, lung cancer, asthma, COPD, and pneumonia. Antioxidants, targeting reactive oxygen species (ROS), may be an important choice in combined therapies for refractory pulmonary diseases.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jeong-Su Park, Nodir Rustamov, Yoon-Seok Roh
Summary: Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a global health issue that causes a significant number of deaths each year. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic fatty liver disease (ALD) are two distinct forms of CLD, but they both share oxidative stress as a common pathology. Mitochondria, which are vital for liver metabolism, are compromised in diseases like NAFLD, ALD, and liver fibrosis due to inflammation, toxins, and metabolic irregularities. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) emerges as a cellular protector that regulates antioxidant genes and maintains mitochondrial health. The synergy between NRF2 modulation and mitochondrial function provides new therapeutic potentials for CLD by preserving mitochondrial integrity against oxidative threats.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hailun He, Lidan Xiong, Linge Jian, Liangman Li, Yan Wu, Shuai Qiao
Summary: This review discusses the role of mitochondria in UV-induced skin damage and summarizes the effects and molecular mechanisms of active chemical components in protecting the skin through mitochondrial protection, which have been described in the last five years.
JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Catarina M. Quinzii, Luis C. Lopez
Summary: Mitochondrial disorders are genetic diseases with inadequate therapy due to the heterogeneity and tissue-specificity of pathomechanisms. Abnormalities in hydrogen sulfide (H2S) metabolism are emerging as a novel mechanism in mitochondrial dysfunction, but further studies are needed to understand the effects and relevance in mitochondrial diseases. The review focuses on derangement of H2S metabolism in primary Coenzyme Q (CoQ) deficiency and emphasizes the need for more research on the consequences of abnormalities in H2S and GSH synthesis on the oxidation pathway.
JOURNAL OF ADVANCED RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Monika Kuczynska, Patrycja Jakubek, Agnieszka Bartoszek
Summary: The concept of oxidative stress and the search for antioxidant-based remedies has gained immense interest. However, commercial success of antioxidants has surpassed research on the exact redox mechanisms that control health and disease states. This review explores the redox network formed by ROS and cellular molecules, and its regulation of genomic and proteomic processes. It also highlights the concept of reductive stress, which is less well-established compared to oxidative stress.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Takayuki Kobayashi, Hiroyuki Uchino, Eskil Elmer, Yukihiko Ogihara, Hidetoshi Fujita, Shusuke Sekine, Yusuke Ishida, Iwao Saiki, Shoichiro Shibata, Aya Kawachi
Summary: In this study, a SAE model was established using CypD KO mice, and metabolomic analysis showed that the GSH levels were maintained in the KO animals following CLP. This suggests that CypD may play a role in the pathogenesis of SAE by inhibiting MPTP induction and protecting mitochondrial and cellular function.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Simona Zanotti, Daniele Velardo, Monica Sciacco
Summary: Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome is a maternally inherited genetic mitochondrial disease characterized by CNS involvement in the first two decades of life. We report a case of oligosymptomatic MELAS syndrome in a patient whose condition worsened dramatically and irreversibly after a mild head injury. We hypothesize that the metabolic stress induced by the brain injury triggered a cascade of events leading to progressive neurodegeneration due to impaired mitochondrial function.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Joseph P. Neilly, Leilei Yin, Sarah-Ellen Leonard, Paul J. A. Kenis, Gerald D. Danzer, Ashtamurthy S. Pawate
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Danielle A. Henckel, Michael J. Counihan, Hannah E. Holmes, Xinyi Chen, Uzoma O. Nwabara, Sumit Verma, Joaquin Rodriguez-Lopez, Paul J. A. Kenis, Andrew A. Gewirth
Summary: The study found that the local pH of a gas diffusion electrode undergoing CO2 reduction is significantly lower than the bulk electrolyte pH, showing dependence on applied potential. The decrease in pH is attributed to the formation of malachite from soluble Cu(II) species on the initially oxidized electrode surface.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xinyi Chen, Junfeng Chen, Nawal M. Alghoraibi, Danielle A. Henckel, Ruixian Zhang, Uzoma O. Nwabara, Kenneth E. Madsen, Paul J. A. Kenis, Steven C. Zimmerman, Andrew A. Gewirth
Summary: A Cu-polyamine hybrid catalyst was developed to significantly enhance the selectivity for ethylene production in CO2 electrochemical conversion. Incorporating polyamine altered surface reactivity, leading to improved product selectivity at high current densities.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Emiliana R. Cofell, Uzoma O. Nwabara, Saket S. Bhargava, Danielle E. Henckel, Paul J. A. Kenis
Summary: This study investigates the degradation of gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs) in a flowing, alkaline CO2 electrolyzer via the formation of carbonate deposits on the GDE surface. The rate of carbonate deposit formation was found to increase with increasing electrolyte molarity and become more prevalent in K+-containing electrolytes. The formation of carbonate deposits was found to diminish electrode performance in ECO2R and reduce GDE hydrophobicity, leading to increased flooding and internal deposits within the GDE substrate.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Andrew N. Kuhn, Haidong Zhao, Uzoma O. Nwabara, Xiaofei Lu, Mingyan Liu, Yung-Tin Pan, Wenjin Zhu, Paul J. A. Kenis, Hong Yang
Summary: Copper catalysts are widely studied for the electroreduction of CO2 to hydrocarbon products, with this study presenting the synthesis and catalytic study of silver-coated copper nanoparticles. The optimized Cu@Ag electrocatalyst showed a low onset potential for ethylene formation and a high FE towards C2+ products, demonstrating potential for efficient CO2 electroreduction.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Uzoma O. Nwabara, Anthony D. Hernandez, Danielle A. Henckel, Xinyi Chen, Emiliana R. Cofell, Michiel P. De-Heer, Sumit Verma, Andrew A. Gewirth, Paul J. A. Kenis
Summary: While flow electrolyzers have achieved high selectivity and activity in the reduction of CO2 to value-added chemicals, their durability remains a challenge. This paper explores alternatives to Nafion as a binder in the catalyst layer, such as PTFE and Sustainion, as well as different methods of catalyst layer preparation. The use of mixed binders and coating cathodes with a Sustainion ionomer over layer show potential in extending the lifetimes of cathodes in CO2 electrolysis systems.
ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Huei-Ru ''molly'' Jhong, Uzoma O. Nwabara, Sofia Shubert-Zuleta, Nicholas S. Grundish, Bharat Tandon, Lauren C. Reimnitz, Corey M. Staller, Gary K. Ong, Camila A. Saez Cabezas, John B. Goodenough, Paul J. A. Kenis, Delia J. Milliron
Summary: Electroreduction of CO2 to formate using Sn-doped ITO nanocrystal catalysts in an alkaline flow electrolyzer shows high selectivity, low onset potential, and high partial current density for HCOO- production. This research holds significance in the field of carbon fuel production.
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Saket S. Bhargava, Daniel Azmoodeh, Xinyi Chen, Emiliana R. Cofell, Anne Marie Esposito, Sumit Verma, Andrew A. Gewirth, Paul J. A. Kenis
Summary: This study reduces the energy consumption of CO2 electrolysis by using a NiFe-based bimetallic catalyst and applying a magnetic field. Power savings ranging from 7% to 6496% are achieved in a gas diffusion electrode-based flow electrolyzer, with a maximum CO partial current density of -565 mA/cm(2) reached.
ACS ENERGY LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Electrochemistry
Saket S. Bhargava, Emiliana R. Cofell, Prithviraj Chumble, Daniel Azmoodeh, Sujay Someshwar, Paul J. A. Kenis
Summary: Research shows that the presence of multivalent cations can affect the electrochemical performance of CO2RR, possibly due to the deposition of metal oxides and/or metal hydrides on the electrode surface, blocking catalytically active sites.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sandra L. Gomez-Perez, Yanyu Zhang, Marina Mourtzakis, Lisa Tussing-Humphreys, Jason Ridlon, H. Rex Gaskins, Ece Mutlu
Summary: The study found strong agreement between adipose tissue measurements obtained using a handheld ultrasound and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. The results indicated high comparability of estimates for total and trunk fat mass for both males and females, although there was some bias observed in female BF% measurements when using SAT.
CLINICAL NUTRITION ESPEN
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Patricia G. Wolf, Elise S. Cowley, Adam Breister, Sarah Matatov, Luke Lucio, Paige Polak, Jason M. Ridlon, H. Rex Gaskins, Karthik Anantharaman
Summary: This study reveals that microbial sulfur metabolism in the human gut is more diverse and prevalent than previously known, and is statistically associated with colorectal cancer. The study also identifies new microbial genera associated with reductive taurine metabolism. Furthermore, the findings highlight the importance of organic sulfur substrates as a major source of H2S in the human gut.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Emiliana R. Cofell, Zachary Park, Uzoma O. Nwabara, Lauren C. Harris, Saket S. Bhargava, Andrew A. Gewirth, Paul J. A. Kenis
Summary: The electrochemical reduction of CO2 (CO2RR) has the potential to reduce environmentally damaging CO2 emissions, produce carbon-neutral fuels and chemicals, and store excess renewable energy. This study investigates the durability of silver-coated gas diffusion electrode cathodes under potential cycling conditions, revealing the impact of cycling on cathode performance through carbonate formation and catalyst layer restructuring and loss.
ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Whitney E. Sinclair, Ashtamurthy S. Pawate, Ty'Nya A. Larry, Jeremy M. Schieferstein, Joseph J. Whittenberg, Deborah E. Leckband, Paul J. A. Kenis
Summary: Here, the development of an accessible organ-on-a-chip platform is described. This platform allows for ex vivo studies on vascular endothelial cells under physio-mechanical stress, by applying hydrodynamic and mechanical forces. The platform design and fabrication approach aim to improve accessibility of microfluidic technology, reducing the technical expertise and equipment required. The platform enables cell imaging on-chip and exposure to aerosolized particulates, validating its capacity for in situ cell imaging.
MICROFLUIDICS AND NANOFLUIDICS
(2023)
Article
Electrochemistry
Elizabeth J. Biddinger, Paul J. A. Kenis
Summary: R&D on electrochemical approaches for chemical manufacturing is thriving due to the societal goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and achieving carbon neutrality by 2050. Established processes like the chlor-alkali process and adiponitrile production have been scaled up and water electrolysis for hydrogen production is being deployed. This report highlights efforts to electrify chemical conversions using renewable feeds and discusses challenges in implementing electrochemical manufacturing approaches.
ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INTERFACE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ajit Vikram, Ken Brudnak, Arwa Zahid, Moonsub Shim, Paul J. A. Kenis
Summary: Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals with tunable optical and electronic properties offer exciting opportunities for various applications, but identifying optimal synthesis conditions and screening of recipes remain major challenges. An autonomous experimentation platform incorporating machine-learning and automated reactor can accelerate synthesis screening and optimization.