Article
Immunology
Rui Zheng, Yuankun Chen, Yiting Zhang, Sixin Liang, Xiaojuan Zhao, Yiyi Wang, Pengju Wang, Ruotong Meng, Angang Yang, Bo Yan
Summary: Our study explores the effect of low-affinity CARs using humanized scFvs on the function of CAR-T cells. We find that moderately reducing the affinity of CARs can maintain anti-tumor efficacy and improve the safety of CAR therapy both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, T cells expressing the VL domain only antibody show long-lasting tumor elimination capability and lower cytokine levels.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Peng Zhang, Yang Zhang, Nan Ji
Summary: Glioblastoma (GBM) is a deadly brain cancer with limited efficacy of standard treatments, necessitating the development of new therapies. Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell immunotherapy has shown success in hematological malignancies, but has not yet yielded promising results in GBM. CAR-T cell therapy for GBM faces challenges including tumor heterogeneity, immunosuppressive microenvironment, and cell persistence.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ruediger Klapdor, Shuo Wang, Michael A. Morgan, Katharina Zimmermann, Jens Hachenberg, Hildegard Buening, Thilo Doerk, Peter Hillemanns, Axel Schambach
Summary: Ovarian cancer stem cells with chemoresistance contribute to tumor recurrence, leading to poor survival rates. Targeting CD44 using CAR immunotherapy demonstrates potent cytotoxic activity against CD44-positive ovarian cancer cells. Furthermore, combined treatment of CD44-targeted therapy and cisplatin shows higher anti-tumor activity compared to sequential treatment.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rui Mao, Mohamed S. Hussein, Yukai He
Summary: This article reviews the factors that affect the activation, effector function, in vivo persistence, and antitumor effects of chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T). These factors include T cell subsets, CAR design, expression promoters and delivery vectors, and CAR-T production process. The comparison between CAR signaling and TCR activation is also discussed. The article provides insights into CAR design for solid tumors, focusing on strategies to improve CAR-T tumor infiltration and survival in the hostile tumor microenvironment.
EXPERT REVIEWS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Bu-Fan Xiao, Jing-Tao Zhang, Yu-Ge Zhu, Xin-Run Cui, Zhe-Ming Lu, Ben-Tong Yu, Nan Wu
Summary: CAR-T cell therapy has shown significant clinical responses in hematological malignancies and is now being evaluated for treating solid tumors. Challenges in using CAR-T cells for lung cancer treatment include on-target, off-tumor toxicity, scarcity of tumor-specific antigen targets, T cell exhaustion, and low immune cell infiltration levels. Advances in tumor immunology and cell product manufacturing are driving the clinical translation of CAR-T cell therapy for lung cancer.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Yi-Chiu Kuo, Cheng-Fu Kuo, Kurt Jenkins, Alfur Fu-Hsin Hung, Wen-Chung Chang, Miso Park, Brenda Aguilar, Renate Starr, Jonathan Hibbard, Christine Brown, John C. Williams
Summary: The use of universal CAR T cells shows promise in improving the efficacy of cancer treatment and has broad potential applications.
JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Renee Poels, Esther Drent, Roeland Lameris, Afroditi Katsarou, Maria Themeli, Hans J. van der Vliet, Tanja D. de Gruijl, Niels W. C. J. van de Donk, Tuna Mutis
Summary: iNKT cells armed with CD38 and BCMA-CARs effectively eliminate MM cells without compromising their TCR-mediated cytotoxicity. These CAR iNKT cells show promising therapeutic potential with minimal impact on normal hematopoietic cells.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Paul Shafer, Lauren M. Kelly, Valentina Hoyos
Summary: This article presents a review of the use of engineered T cells for cancer therapy. The mechanisms of T cell antigen recognition and signal transduction mediated through CARs and TCRs are discussed, along with the current classes of cancer antigens recognized by TCR T therapies and pre-clinical strategies for TCR discovery and enhancement. The current landscape of clinical trials for TCR T therapy is also reviewed, providing insights into the development of future engineered TCR approaches.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemical Research Methods
Cuilin Zhang, Qiuyu Zhuang, Jingfeng Liu, Xiaolong Liu
Summary: Synthetic biology is an interdisciplinary research area that uses engineering principles to design and construct biological systems for practical applications. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, as one of the most successful clinical applications of synthetic biology, have shown tremendous success in treating blood malignancies. However, there are still limitations to CAR T cell therapy, hence the need for innovative CAR design becomes urgent.
ACS SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Nattaporn Phanthaphol, Chalermchai Somboonpatarakun, Kwanpirom Suwanchiwasiri, Thaweesak Chieochansin, Jatuporn Sujjitjoon, Sopit Wongkham, John Maher, Mutita Junking, Pa-thai Yenchitsomanus
Summary: CAR T cell therapy has shown efficacy in hematologic malignancies, but further investigation is needed for its application in solid tumors. The selection of target antigens highly expressed in cancer cells but not normal cells is crucial for successful immunotherapy.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Hinrich Abken
Summary: Advances in understanding immune cell recognition and cellular engineering have allowed for active manipulation of T cell responses through synthetic immunology. CAR T cell therapy has shown remarkable success in treating hematologic malignancies and is now enhancing outcomes for cancer patients.
HUMAN GENE THERAPY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Manuela Mirow, Lea Isabell Schwarze, Boris Fehse, Kristoffer Riecken
Summary: The research team developed a novel codon-optimized Gibbon Ape Leukemia Virus envelope protein (coGALV-Env) that efficiently pseudotypes various types of viral vectors and mediates high-efficiency transduction in human T cells. This technology can be used not only in gene therapy but also can provide a significant cost advantage in the production of high-titer vector preparations.
Article
Oncology
Konstantinos Lontos, Yiyang Wang, Supriya K. Joshi, Andrew T. Frisch, McLane J. Watson, Alok Kumar, Ashley Menk, Yupeng Wang, Rachel Cumberland, Jason Lohmueller, Esteban Carrizosa, Benjamin Boyerinas, Greg M. Delgoffe
Summary: This study demonstrates that an engineered version of the inhibitory transcription factor PGC-1 alpha can metabolically reprogram human CAR-T cells, resulting in improved in vivo efficacy for the treatment of solid tumors. In contrast, a truncated version of PGC-1 alpha, NT-PGC-1 alpha, did not improve the in vivo outcomes.
JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Barbara Mandriani, Eleonora Pelle', Gaetano Pezzicoli, Jonathan Strosberg, Daniel Abate-Daga, Attilio Guarini, Mauro Cives, Camillo Porta
Summary: While various systemic treatments are available for advanced cancers of the digestive tract, none are curative. Clinical trials over the past two decades have investigated different types of T-cell therapies in patients with digestive tract malignancies, with varying degrees of success. Future research will focus on the antitumor potential of adoptive T-cell immunotherapy.
CANCER TREATMENT REVIEWS
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Wenwen Wei, Dong Yang, Xi Chen, Dandan Liang, Liqun Zou, Xudong Zhao
Summary: This review summarizes the characteristics of non-B-cell acute leukemia and the efficacy and challenges of CAR-T cell therapy in treating this type of leukemia.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Xiangye Zhao, Kewei Ma, Xiaobo Ma, Xu Wang, Chao Sun, Shi Qiu, Ye Guo, Zhiguang Yang, Yunpeng Liu, Yinghui Xu
Summary: Immunotherapy may lead to pseudoprogression, where tumors initially grow but shrink with continued treatment. This article reports a case of pseudoprogression in a lung cancer patient receiving immunotherapy, and reviews the mechanisms, clinical manifestations, and prognostic indicators of pseudoprogression.
Article
Immunology
Ling-zhijie Kong, Ying Zheng, Kaichun Li
Summary: Treatment options for metastatic colorectal cancer are limited after second-line chemotherapy failure. In this case report, a 59-year-old male patient achieved remarkable response to fruquintinib and toripalimab combination therapy after multiple lines of chemotherapy failed. The patient had partial response within 3 months and complete response of pulmonary masses within 12 months. The combination of fruquintinib and PD-1 inhibitors improves the prognosis of metastatic colorectal cancer, with a progression-free survival of over 17 months.
