Review
Cell Biology
Yvonne Couch, Edit I. Buzas, Dolores Di Vizio, Yong Song Gho, Paul Harrison, Andrew F. Hill, Jan Lotvall, Graca Raposo, Philip D. Stahl, Clotilde Thery, Kenneth W. Witwer, David R. F. Carter
Summary: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small cargo-bearing vesicles released by cells into the extracellular space, serving as a complex cell-to-cell communication mechanism that transfers functional cargo and influences biological processes, with deregulation in disease. The field of EVs has grown exponentially over the past two decades with an organized community, but still faces key challenges.
JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Matthew Kang, Vanessa Jordan, Cherie Blenkiron, Lawrence W. Chamley
Summary: The biodistribution of EVs in recipient animals is time-dependent, with small-EVs mostly abundant in the liver and large-EVs primarily present in the lungs. Detection peaked in the liver and kidneys within the first hour, while distribution to the lungs and spleen peaked between 2-12 hours. Standardized guidelines are recommended to reduce variability in methodology in future EV biodistribution studies.
JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Franz L. Ricklefs, Cecile L. Maire, Kathrin Wollmann, Lasse Duehrsen, Krystian D. Fita, Felix Sahm, Christel Herold-Mende, Andreas von Deimling, Katharina Kolbe, Mareike Holz, Leonie Bergmann, Marceline M. Fuh, Hartmut Schlueter, Malik Alawi, Rudolph Reimer, Peine Sven, Markus Glatzel, Manfred Westphal, Katrin Lamszus
Summary: Elevated levels of EVs in the plasma of meningioma patients could assist in tumor diagnosis and evaluation of treatment response. Analysis of EV-DNA methylation and proteomic profiling revealed genetic and epigenetic tumor alterations, facilitating molecular tumor classification.
Article
Developmental Biology
Bridget W. Tsai, Sandy Lau, Qi Chen, Lawrence W. Chamley
Summary: The field of extracellular vesicles is still developing and there is no consensus on the methods for separating free stain from labelled EVs. A comparison study found that a charged size exclusion chromatography column provided the greatest recovery of labelled EVs among the methods tested.
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Petra Adamova, Robyn R. Lotto, Andrew K. Powell, Iain M. Dykes
Summary: The secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from the foetus can cross the placenta and enter the maternal circulation, while the mother also releases EVs. Research on the presence of EVs in maternal blood may offer a new approach for prenatal diagnosis of congenital diseases.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE-JMM
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Akram Abolbaghaei, Marc-Andre Langlois, Helen R. Murphy, Denice S. Feig, Dylan Burger
Summary: Extracellular vesicle levels in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes are associated with glucose fluctuations and may impact neonatal outcomes. Assessing extracellular vesicles could offer a new personalized care approach for type 1 diabetes pregnancies.
BIOMARKER RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biophysics
Junbeom Kim, Ji Sung Shim, Bo Hoon Han, Hye Jin Kim, Jaesung Park, Il-Joo Cho, Sung Gu Kang, Ji Yoon Kang, Ki Wan Bong, Nakwon Choi
Summary: Urinary exosomal miRNAs are potential biomarkers, but limited by low concentration and small volume. Hydrogel-based HCR technique shows high amplification and enhanced detection limits for miRNA in urine samples, with potential for clinical diagnosis applications in differentiating prostate cancer patients from healthy controls.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anelis Maria Marin, Michel Batista, Alexandre Luiz Korte de Azevedo, Talita Helen Bombardelli Gomig, Rodrigo Soares Caldeira Brant, Roger Chammas, Miyuki Uno, Diogo Dias Araujo, Dalila Luciola Zanette, Mateus Nobrega Aoki
Summary: Pancreatic cancer is a highly lethal disease with low survival rates. It is characterized by specific genetic mutations and lacks specific early diagnostic markers. In this study, plasma exosomes from pancreatic cancer patients were analyzed, revealing differentially expressed proteins that could serve as alternative biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis, particularly in the IPMN and PDAC subtypes. Further research and clinical studies are needed to validate these findings and explore their potential applications.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Paul A. Brown, Paul D. Brown
Summary: Atherogenesis is a complex process involving chronic inflammation and the participation of various cell types and molecules. Extracellular vesicles play a crucial role in this process, contributing to monocyte transmigration, foam cell formation, smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration, leukocyte transmigration, and thrombosis. Peripheral arterial disease, a common type of peripheral vascular disease, is characterized by impaired blood supply due to atherosclerosis. Elevated levels of extracellular vesicles have been found in patients with peripheral arterial disease and are implicated in the development of atherosclerosis. However, extracellular vesicles also have the potential to deliver cargo with atheroprotective effects, offering opportunities for therapeutic angiogenesis in the management of peripheral arterial disease.
CARDIOVASCULAR PATHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Huimin Cai, Yana Pang, Qi Wang, Wei Qin, Cuibai Wei, Ying Li, Tingting Li, Fangyu Li, Qigeng Wang, Yan Li, Yiping Wei, Longfei Jia
Summary: This study found that a combination of six proteins in plasma exosomes can accurately differentiate Alzheimer's disease patients from healthy individuals, suggesting its potential as a novel biomarker for AD diagnosis.
ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Juntao Zhou, Xianhui Cheng, Zhanchen Guo, Muhammad Mujahid Ali, Guiyuan Zhang, W. Andy Tao, Lianghai Hu, Zhen Liu
Summary: Phospholipids are key components of cell membranes with important functions in molecule transportation and cell recognition. However, methods for specific recognition of lipids are limited compared to proteins and glycans due to their structural diversity and amphipathic nature. In this study, a molecular imprinting strategy was developed for controllable imprinting of the polar head of phospholipid on the surface of cellular membranes. Phosphatidylserine, a unique lipid on the outer membrane leaflet of exosomes and a hallmark for cell apoptosis, was successfully imprinted using this method. The resulting phosphatidylserine imprinted materials exhibited high efficiency and specific targeting capability for apoptotic cell imaging and exosome isolation. These molecularly imprinted materials have great potential for selective plasma membrane recognition in targeted drug delivery and biomarker discovery.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2023)
Article
Respiratory System
Zili Zhang, Jian Wang, Yuanyuan Li, Fei Liu, Lingdan Chen, Shunping He, Fanjie Lin, Xinguang Wei, Yaowei Fang, Qiongqiong Li, Juntuo Zhou, Wenju Lu
Summary: This study aimed to develop multi-omics panels of biomarkers for diagnosing COPD and explore its molecular subtypes. Potential biomarkers were identified using proteomics and metabolomics techniques and validated in a group of stable patients with advanced COPD. The results showed that Theophylline, palmitoylethanolamide, hypoxanthine, and cadherin 5 (CDH5) could effectively diagnose advanced COPD. Molecular subtyping based on proteomics data revealed three subtypes related to different clinical outcomes and molecular features. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the molecular landscape of advanced COPD and suggests potential molecular targets for specialized therapy.
RESPIRATORY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Dvora Kluwgant, Tamar Wainstock, Eyal Sheiner, Gali Pariente
Summary: Placenta previa, multiple gestations, and placental abruption were identified as the strongest risk factors for extreme preterm birth. Risk factors including placental abruption and previa, lack of prenatal care, and recurrent pregnancy loss were observed in sub-populations with multiple gestations, previous PTB, and indicated PTBs. Placental abruption emerged as the most significant risk factor across all groups, with no significant differences observed between sub-populations.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Yao Xie, Hongzhou Zhang, Tieqiu Huang
Summary: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a leading cause of death globally. Exosomes, which carry important intercellular communication information, may serve as diagnostic markers for various diseases. In this study, a label free proteomics strategy was used to identify differentially expressed proteins in AMI patients' plasma exosomes. Bioinformatics analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were then employed to validate the candidate proteins. Our findings revealed potential biomarkers, PLG, C8B, and F2, for early AMI diagnosis, suggesting their potential diagnostic value for AMI.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bruna Ribeiro Andrade Ramos, Julia Abbade Tronco, Marcio Carvalho, Tainara Francini Felix, Patricia Pintor Reis, Juliano Coelho Silveira, Marcia Guimaraes Silva
Summary: This study compared the expression of miRNAs in sEV from peripheral blood between term and preterm pregnancies. It found that miR-612 expression was increased in the preterm group, while miR-1253, miR-1283, miR378e, and miR-579-3p were downregulated in the preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) group. The study suggests that miRNAs in circulating sEV play a regulatory role in the pathogenesis of preterm labor (PTL) and PPROM.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)