Review
Oncology
Maysoon Al-Haideri, Santalia Banne Tondok, Salar Hozhabri Safa, Ali Heidarnejad Maleki, Samaneh Rostami, Abduladheem Turki Jalil, Moaed E. Al-Gazally, Fahad Alsaikhan, Jasur Alimdjanovich Rizaev, Talar Ahmad Merza Mohammad, Safa Tahmasebi
Summary: CAR-T cell therapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, especially for blood cancers, but faces challenges when treating solid tumors due to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and tumor heterogeneity. In the past decade, efforts have been made to combine CAR-T cell therapy with other treatments to enhance its effectiveness.
CANCER CELL INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Editorial Material
Hematology
Rawan G. Faram, Marco L. Davila
Summary: The CAR-HEMATOTOX predictive model by Rejeski et al in this issue of Blood can identify patients at highest risk of hematologic toxicity following CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy for relapsed/refractory large B-cell lymphoma.
News Item
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jeff Tollefson
Summary: The Environmental Protection Agency has released draft regulations that pave the way for a major shift to electric vehicles.
Review
Immunology
Haolong Lin, Jiali Cheng, Wei Mu, Jianfeng Zhou, Li Zhu
Summary: CAR-T cell therapy has shown remarkable success in antitumor treatments, particularly against hematological malignancies. The development of universal CAR-T (UCAR-T) cell therapy may overcome current limitations, with a focus on safety, efficiency, and potential complementary immune cells. The landscape and prospects of UCAR-T cell therapy are explored through a comprehensive overview of progress and challenges.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Yasser Mostafa Kamel
Summary: CAR-T therapy targeting CD19 has revolutionized the treatment of advanced acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) by specifically targeting cancer cells with high positive results. Despite its success in the initial indications, relapses occurred in treated patients, prompting the need for effective subsequent therapies. The development of this novel therapy has shifted it from an end-stage treatment for ALL and DLBCL to a new therapeutic option for a broad range of patients with different hematologic and solid tumors.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ashanti Concepcion Uscanga-Palomeque, Ana Karina Chavez-Escamilla, Cynthia Aracely Alvizo-Baez, Santiago Saavedra-Alonso, Luis Daniel Terrazas-Armendariz, Reyes S. Tamez-Guerra, Cristina Rodriguez-Padilla, Juan Manuel Alcocer-Gonzalez
Summary: This paper reviews the latest developments in CAR-T cells in cancer treatment, including the structure and manufacturing methods of different generations and variants. The challenges and limitations of CAR-T technology in treating hematological and solid cancer are discussed, as well as the use of CAR technology in other immune cells. The paper concludes that CAR-T cells have the potential to treat not only cancer but also other chronic diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Wenshuai Li, Xuanxuan Pan, Lirong Chen, Haoshu Cui, Shaocong Mo, Yida Pan, Yuru Shen, Menglin Shi, Jianlin Wu, Feifei Luo, Jie Liu, Na Li
Summary: Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells has shown remarkable efficacy against hematological malignancies, but its success in solid tumors is limited by factors such as easy recurrence and poor efficacy. The effector function and persistence of CAR-T cells are critical to the success of therapy and are modulated by metabolic and nutrient-sensing mechanisms. Moreover, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) can lead to T cell exhaustion and compromise the efficacy of CAR-T cells. This review discusses the metabolic characteristics of T cells and potential metabolic approaches to improve the efficacy and persistence of CAR-T cells.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Sun Il Choi, Jinlong Yin
Summary: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor, and alternative tumor-specific therapies are urgently needed. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy shows promise for hematological malignancies, but its effectiveness for solid tumors, especially GBM, needs improvement. This review discusses strategies for enhancing CAR T cell effectiveness in GBM treatment.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Hematology
Rajat Bansal, Ran Reshef
Summary: CAR T cell therapy has shown impressive response rates in refractory B-cell malignancies, but faces challenges in solid malignancies. Experimental strategies combining small molecules and monoclonal antibodies are being explored to overcome resistance mechanisms to CAR T cells.
Review
Immunology
Xiaomin Zhang, Hui Zhang, Huixuan Lan, Jinming Wu, Yang Xiao
Summary: In the past decade, novel therapeutic agents have substantially improved the survival outcome of multiple myeloma (MM) patients, but MM remains incurable and almost all patients relapse due to drug resistance. B cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-targeted CAR-T cell therapy has brought new hopes for relapsed/refractory MM, but challenges such as resistance and limited accessibility hinder its broad clinical application. This review discusses the limitations of CAR-T cell therapy in MM and summarizes optimization strategies to overcome these challenges.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lusine Hovhannisyan, Carsten Riether, Daniel M. Aebersold, Michaela Medova, Yitzhak Zimmer
Summary: CAR T cell-based therapies have revolutionized the treatment of hematological malignancies. However, the treatment of solid tumors with CAR T cells remains challenging. Radiation therapy, in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors, has shown promising results in clinical trials. Combining radiation therapy with CAR T cell therapy may overcome the limitations in solid tumor treatment. This review discusses the potential and risks of this combination in cancer patients.
Article
Immunology
Nuo Xu, Douglas C. Palmer, Alexander C. Robeson, Peishun Shou, Hemamalini Bommiasamy, Sonia J. Laurie, Caryn Willis, Gianpietro Dotti, Benjamin G. Vincent, Nicholas P. Restifo, Jonathan S. Serody
Summary: The study demonstrates that enhancing CAR T cell therapy targeting solid tumors with STING agonists, specifically DMXAA, can greatly improve tumor control by promoting CAR T cell trafficking and persistence in the tumor microenvironment. The single-cell RNA sequencing results show that DMXAA generates a chemokine milieu that facilitates CART cell recruitment and modulates the immunosuppressive TME.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Xuechen Yin, Lingfeng He, Zhigang Guo
Summary: Tumour immunotherapy has shown good therapeutic effects in clinical practice and has gained increased attention. Cytotoxic T cells are crucial in this therapy. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T-cell) therapy, as a revolutionary approach, has made breakthroughs in haematological cancer treatment. However, T-cell exhaustion, especially in solid tumours, hinders the effectiveness of CAR-T-cell therapy. This review discusses the reasons for T-cell exhaustion, its development, and ways to improve CAR-T-cell therapy by regulating T-cell exhaustion.
Article
Oncology
Dennis Awuah, Megan Minnix, Enrico Caserta, Theophilus Tandoh, Vikram Adhikarla, Erasmus Poku, Russell Rockne, Flavia Pichiorri, John E. Shively, Xiuli Wang
Summary: Despite improved therapies, multiple myeloma (MM) remains incurable. Single targeted therapies have limited efficacy, and sequential immunotherapies targeting different antigens are expected to be more effective. In preclinical studies, sequential therapy using targeted alpha therapy (TAT) against CD38 antigen and CAR T cell therapy against CS1 antigen showed promise in treating MM.
CANCER IMMUNOLOGY IMMUNOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Sandy Joaquina, Christopher Forcados, Benjamin Caulier, Else Marit Inderberg, Sebastien Walchli
Summary: Adoptive transfer of CAR T cells has shown success in treating hematological cancers but has faced challenges in treating solid tumors due to the inhibitory effect of the tumor microenvironment. Understanding the metabolic mechanisms in the TME is essential for developing TME-resistant CAR T cells.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
