Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Yarong Peng, Hongli Wang, Yaqin Gao, Shengao Jing, Shuhui Zhu, Dandan Huang, Peizhi Hao, Shengrong Lou, Tiantao Cheng, Cheng Huang, Xuan Zhang
Summary: Understanding the gas-particle partitioning of SVOCs is crucial for accurately representing atmospheric organic aerosols. This study used a CHARON inlet coupled with a PTR-ToF-MS to quantify the gas vs. particle fractions of SVOCs in real time. The results showed that the dissociation of large parent molecules during PTR ionization process introduces uncertainties to the measured gas vs. particle fractions of less oxidized SVOCs. It is important to consider the fragmentation mechanism and neutral losses of SVOCs to reduce the uncertainties associated with gas-particle partitioning measurements.
ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Chenyang Bi, Jordan E. Krechmer, Manjula R. Canagaratna, Gabriel Isaacman-VanWertz
Summary: This study examines the bias in log-linear calibration relationships in the context of CIMS and proposes a parameter-explicit solution for completely removing the inherent bias. A simplified correction method is suggested for cases where comprehensive bias correction is not possible, showing an average elimination of bias but not for each individual compound.
ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Karolina Siegel, Almuth Neuberger, Linn Karlsson, Paul Zieger, Fredrik Mattsson, Patrick Duplessis, Lubna Dada, Kaspar Daellenbach, Julia Schmale, Andrea Baccarini, Radovan Krejci, Birgitta Svenningsson, Rachel Chang, Annica M. L. Ekman, Ilona Riipinen, Claudia Mohr
Summary: Predictions of cloud droplet activation in the late summertime Arctic Ocean show that the aerosol in the High Arctic late summer is acidic and highly cloud active, with a substantial contribution from Aitken mode particles. The forecast underestimated the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) number concentration by 4-8%.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Nicolas Brun, Juan Miguel Gonzalez-Sanchez, Carine Demelas, Clement Jean-Louis, Anne Monod
Summary: Among the highly oxygenated species formed in situ in the atmosphere, alpha-dicarbonyl compounds are reactive and contribute to the formation of secondary organic aerosols. They are present in the atmosphere and easily transferred to the aqueous phase. This study develops an analytical method using high performance ion chromatography to monitor the consumption of alpha-dicarbonyl compounds during atmospheric reactions in fog and cloud water.
News Item
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alexandra Witze
Summary: NASA's Ingenuity helicopter successfully hovered for 40 seconds in Mars's thin atmosphere.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Duo Wu, Wei Fang, Kai Wang, Xin Ye, Ruidong Jia, Dongjun Yang, Baoqi Song, Zhitao Luo, Yuwei Wang, Zhiwei Xia, Ping Zhu, Michel van Ruymbeke
Summary: To determine TSI and Earth's radiation at TOA on the Fengyun-3F satellite, a dual-channel SRR was developed and calibrated. The SR observes solar radiance changes with the SIAR on orbit, while the ER directly points in the nadir direction. Dark space and lunar observation modes are used for background noise and on-orbit calibration. This article introduces the SRR design and working principle, focusing on the measurement model of the ER, and presents ground test results.
Article
Engineering, Civil
Qilei Zhang, John H. Mott, Mary E. Johnson, John A. Springer
Summary: The paper discusses the importance of aircraft operational statistics, especially for nontowered general aviation airports. Research shows that utilizing ADS-B data and machine learning technology can improve access to aircraft operational information, aiding in enhancing noise and emissions models to address public concerns.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Ratana Chhun, Emilie Hardy, Manuel Rodrigues, Pierre Touboul, Gilles Metris, Joel Berge, Damien Boulanger, Bruno Christophe, Pascale Danto, Bernard Foulon, Pierre-Yves Guidotti, Phuong-Anh Huynh, Vincent Lebat, Francoise Liorzou, Alain Robert
Summary: The characterization experiments of the MICROSCOPE instrument included validating and updating the servo-control and PID control laws, as well as identifying instrument characteristics such as biases, stiffnesses, non linearities, couplings and free motion ranges. These findings contribute to consolidating the scientific measurements and improving the instrument design.
CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM GRAVITY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Charles Y. Feigin, Jorge A. Moreno, Raul Ramos, Sarah A. Mereby, Ares Alivisatos, Wei Wang, Renee van Amerongen, Jasmin Camacho, John J. Rasweiler IV, Richard R. Behringer, Bruce Ostrow, Maksim Plikus, Ricardo Mallarino
Summary: By combining transcriptomics, developmental experiments, and mouse transgenics, the researchers demonstrate that lateral Wnt5a expression promotes the development of patagium in marsupial sugar gliders. They also find that many genes involved in limb development have been redeployed during patagium outgrowth in both the sugar glider and bat. These findings reveal the deeply conserved genetic toolkits that contribute to the evolutionary transition to flight in mammals.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Anna Kwasiborska, Mateusz Grabowski, Alena Novak Sedlackova, Andrej Novak
Summary: Meteorological conditions have a significant impact on air traffic safety, especially during take-off and landing procedures. This article analyzes the influence of meteorological conditions, particularly visibility, on flight procedures with different ILS categories. The study aims to quantify the limitations imposed by specific ILS equipment at given airports. The research results can be used to better plan airline flight schedules and avoid delays caused by reduced visibility.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Beth S. Nelson, Daniel J. Bryant, Mohammed S. Alam, Roberto Sommariva, William J. Bloss, Mike J. Newland, Will S. Drysdale, Adam R. Vaughan, W. Joe F. Acton, C. Nicholas Hewitt, Leigh R. Crilley, Stefan J. Swift, Pete M. Edwards, Alastair C. Lewis, Ben Langford, Eiko Nemitz, Ranu Shivani, Ranu Gadi, Bhola R. Gurjar, Dwayne E. Heard, Lisa K. Whalley, Uelkeu A. Sahin, David C. S. Beddows, James R. Hopkins, James D. Lee, Andrew R. Rickard, Jacqueline F. Hamilton
Summary: Delhi, India, experiences periods of very poor air quality, and this study investigates the chemical production of secondary pollutants in this highly polluted area. The authors found extremely high nighttime concentrations of NOx and VOCs, with low concentrations of oxidants and high nighttime NO concentrations. This leads to an atypical NO3 diel profile and a shift in peak O3 concentrations compared to the premonsoon period. The authors suggest that urban air quality management should consider the impacts of nighttime emission sources in the postmonsoon period.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Brian Zambri, Douglas E. Kinnison, Susan Solomon
Summary: Heterogeneous halogen chemistry plays a dominant role in driving changes in polar chemical composition and ozone depletion. This study compared NO2 measurements from the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment III (SAGE3m) with simulations from a coupled climate-chemistry model to characterize and quantify subpolar heterogeneous halogen chemistry. Results showed that heterogeneous chemistry significantly influences the chemical composition of the subpolar lower stratosphere in the Southern Hemisphere spring, highlighting the importance of analyzing distribution functions in understanding chemical processes.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Charles Yana, Remi Lapeyre, Emilien Gaudin, Kenneth Hurst, Philippe Lognonne, Ludovic Rochas
Summary: On November 26th, 2018, the InSight spacecraft successfully landed on Mars after a 6-month journey. The mission aims to characterize the deep interior structure of Mars and has collected a vast amount of high-quality data. Scientists will spend many years analyzing the data.
Article
Ecology
Tyeen C. Taylor, Wit T. Wisniewski, Eliane G. Alves, Raimundo C. Oliveira Junior, Scott R. Saleska
Summary: The study introduces a new instrument for real-time detection of volatile isoprenoids from plants in their natural ecological setting. It reveals unexpected distribution of leaf emission capacities in the Brazilian Amazon and encourages a more nuanced view of the adaptive role of volatile isoprenoids in plants.
FRONTIERS IN FORESTS AND GLOBAL CHANGE
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Zheng H. Zhu, Junjie Kang, Udai Bindra
Summary: The experimental validation of a CubeSat tether deployment design was conducted through air-bearing ground test and microgravity parabolic flight test. Results show that the internal friction of the tether in microgravity environment is much less than on the ground, indicating the effectiveness of the designed tether deployment system.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Zhe Peng, Shelly L. Miller, Jose L. Jimenez
Summary: Air disinfection using germicidal ultraviolet light (GUV) has gained attention during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigates the impact of GUV on indoor-air-quality by modeling the chemistry initiated by GUV in a typical indoor setting. The analysis shows that GUV can photolyze ozone (O3) and generate hydroxyl radicals (OH) that oxidize indoor volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into more oxidized VOCs. GUV also leads to the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA).
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Carsten Warneke, Joshua P. Schwarz, Jack Dibb, Olga Kalashnikova, Gregory Frost, Jassim Al-Saad, Steven S. Brown, Wm Alan Brewer, Amber Soja, Felix C. Seidel, Rebecca A. Washenfelder, Elizabeth B. Wiggins, Richard H. Moore, Bruce E. Anderson, Carolyn Jordan, Tara Yacovitch, Scott C. Herndon, Shang Liu, Toshihiro Kuwayama, Daniel Jaffe, Nancy Johnston, Vanessa Selimovic, Robert Yokelson, David M. Giles, Brent N. Holben, Philippe Goloub, Ioana Popovici, Michael Trainer, Aditya Kumar, R. Bradley Pierce, David Fahey, James Roberts, Emily M. Gargulinski, David A. Peterson, Xinxin Ye, Laura H. Thapa, Pablo E. Saide, Charles H. Fite, Christopher D. Holmes, Siyuan Wang, Matthew M. Coggon, Zachary C. J. Decker, Chelsea E. Stockwell, Lu Xu, Georgios Gkatzelis, Kenneth Aikin, Barry Lefer, Jackson Kaspari, Debora Griffin, Linghan Zeng, Rodney Weber, Meredith Hastings, Jiajue Chai, Glenn M. Wolfe, Thomas F. Hanisco, Jin Liao, Pedro Campuzano Jost, Hongyu Guo, Jose L. Jimenez, James Crawford
Summary: The NOAA/NASA Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality (FIREX-AQ) experiment aimed to study the impact of fires on regional and global environments and air quality. The experiment measured trace gas and aerosol emissions, observed fire dynamics, assessed fire modeling, and examined connections to ground and satellite observables. The experiment involved aircraft, satellites, mobile laboratories, and ground sites.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Galib Hasan, Vili-Taneli Salo, Thomas Golin Almeida, Rashid R. Valiev, Theo Kurten
Summary: Organic peroxy radicals (RO2) play a crucial role in atmospheric chemistry, but their self-and cross-reactions, specifically RO2 + R ' O2 reactions, are still not well understood. This study investigates the competing H-shift channel and its effect on the formation of more volatile carbonyl and alcohol products. The results show that the H-shift barriers and rates are influenced by factors such as weakening of the breaking C-H bond, overall binding energy, and stability of the reaction products. The study also suggests that both the H-shift channel and the formation of ROOR 'via intersystem crossings are competitive for small and medium-sized RO2, but for complex R or R ' groups, the binding energy effect may make the H-shift channel less competitive.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Kevin J. Nihill, Matthew M. Coggon, Christopher Y. Lim, Abigail R. Koss, Bin Yuan, Jordan E. Krechmer, Kanako Sekimoto, Jose L. Jimenez, Joost de Gouw, Christopher D. Cappa, Colette L. Heald, Carsten Warneke, Jesse H. Kroll
Summary: Biomass burning is a significant source of reactive organic carbon in the atmosphere. Experiments conducted as part of the FIREX FireLab campaign reveal that the atmospheric oxidation of organic carbon from biomass burning leads to the formation of smaller and more oxidized species. The oxidative evolution of biomass burning emissions appears to be independent of fuel type, resulting in a common aged distribution of gas-phase compounds consisting of small volatile oxygenates and various minor oxidized species and secondary organic aerosols.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Haihui Zhu, Randall V. Martin, Betty Croft, Shixian Zhai, Chi Li, Liam Bindle, Jeffrey R. Pierce, Rachel Y. -W. Chang, Bruce E. Anderson, Luke D. Ziemba, Johnathan W. Hair, Richard A. Ferrare, Chris A. Hostetler, Inderjeet Singh, Deepangsu Chatterjee, Jose L. Jimenez, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Benjamin A. Nault, Jack E. Dibb, Joshua S. Schwarz, Andrew Weinheimer
Summary: This study uses a global chemical transport model to analyze airborne measurements from the United States and South Korea, and proposes a parameterization method for representing aerosol size. This method improves the agreement between the simulation model and ground-measured data.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Huan Yang, Ivo Neefjes, Valtteri Tikkanen, Jakub Kubecka, Theo Kurten, Hanna Vehkamaki, Bernhard Reischl
Summary: The kinetics of collision-sticking processes between vapor molecules and clusters play a crucial role in atmospheric new particle formation. A new analytical interacting hard-sphere model that accounts for long-range attractive forces has been developed to accurately evaluate collision rates. Collision simulations using atomistic molecular dynamics also provide insights into the sticking rates and mass accommodation coefficients (MACs) of different compounds and cluster sizes at various temperatures.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Melissa Meder, Otso Perakyla, Jonathan G. Varelas, Jingyi Luo, Runlong Cai, Yanjun Zhang, Theo Kurten, Matthieu Riva, Matti Rissanen, Franz M. Geiger, Regan J. Thomson, Mikael Ehn
Summary: Highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) from ff-pinene ozonolysis are important contributors to secondary organic aerosol (SOA), yet the mechanisms for their formation are not well understood. In this study, a method using selective deuterations was proposed to investigate the autoxidation mechanisms. The results showed that this method was effective in deducing the involvement of specific carbon atoms in the autoxidation process. This method can provide valuable insights into autoxidation on a molecular level.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Chi Li, Randall V. Martin, Ronald C. Cohen, Liam Bindle, Dandan Zhang, Deepangsu Chatterjee, Hongjian Weng, Jintai Lin
Summary: This study investigated the simulation of nitrogen oxides (NOx) over the eastern United States using the high-performance implementation of the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model (GCHP) at different horizontal grid resolutions. The results showed that increasing the grid size led to a decrease in afternoon surface NOx mixing ratios over the Great Lakes region and an increase over the southern states. It was also observed that nighttime titration of ozone by surface nitric oxide (NO) was more efficient at coarser resolutions, resulting in longer NOx lifetimes and higher surface mixing ratios of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) over the Great Lakes region. Additionally, the study found that coarse-resolution simulations generally underestimated surface NO2 over the Great Lakes region and overestimated it over the southern states in summer.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
R. R. Valiev, B. S. Merzlikin, R. T. Nasibullin, A. Kurtzevitch, V. N. Cherepanov, R. R. Ramazanov, D. Sundholm, T. Kurten
Summary: A novel method for calculating rate constants for internal conversion (k(IC)) has been developed, which takes into account Duschinsky, anharmonic and Herzberg-Teller effects. The method has been applied to different types of molecules and the results show that the Duschinsky effect is large in the harmonic approximation, but much smaller in the anharmonic approximation. The calculations also reveal that anharmonic contributions to k(IC) are larger than Herzberg-Teller contributions, which are larger than contributions from the Duschinsky effect.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Amir H. Souri, Matthew S. Johnson, Glenn M. Wolfe, James H. Crawford, Alan Fried, Armin Wisthaler, William H. Brune, Donald R. Blake, Andrew J. Weinheimer, Tijl Verhoelst, Steven Compernolle, Gaia Pinardi, Corinne Vigouroux, Bavo Langerock, Sungyeon Choi, Lok Lamsal, Lei Zhu, Shuai Sun, Ronald C. Cohen, Kyung-Eun Min, Changmin Cho, Sajeev Philip, Xiong Liu, Kelly Chance
Summary: The use of the ratio between formaldehyde (HCHO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) tropospheric columns from ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) satellites has been motivated by the availability of these data, allowing researchers to gain insights into near-surface ozone sensitivity.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Laura Tomsche, Felix Piel, Tomas Mikoviny, Claus J. Nielsen, Hongyu Guo, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Benjamin A. Nault, Melinda K. Schueneman, Jose L. Jimenez, Hannah Halliday, Glenn Diskin, Joshua P. DiGangi, John B. Nowak, Elizabeth B. Wiggins, Emily Gargulinski, Amber J. Soja, Armin Wisthaler
Summary: During the 2019 FIREX-AQ study, the NASA DC-8 conducted in situ chemical measurements on smoke plumes from wildfires and agricultural fires in the United States. The study found high levels of ammonia and particulate ammonium in the smoke plumes, with variations depending on the type of fire and region.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Viral Shah, Daniel J. Jacob, Ruijun Dang, Lok N. Lamsal, Sarah A. Strode, Stephen D. Steenrod, K. Folkert Boersma, Sebastian D. Eastham, Thibaud M. Fritz, Chelsea Thompson, Jeff Peischl, Ilann Bourgeois, Ilana B. Pollack, Benjamin A. Nault, Ronald C. Cohen, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Jose L. Jimenez, Simone T. Andersen, Lucy J. Carpenter, Tomas Sherwen, Mat J. Evans
Summary: Satellite-based retrievals of tropospheric NO2 columns are widely used to infer NOx emissions. These retrievals rely on model information for the vertical distribution of NO2. Free tropospheric background above 2 km is important for these retrievals and has a significant impact on tropospheric OH and ozone concentrations.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ben H. Lee, Siddharth Iyer, Theo Kurten, Jonathan G. Varelas, Jingyi Luo, Regan J. Thomson, Joel A. Thornton
Summary: The atmospheric oxidation of monoterpene compounds (C10H16) contributes to the concentration of ambient particles and mass, mainly due to the auto-oxidation of resulting peroxy radicals to low-volatility highly oxygenated molecules (HOMs). The isomer of the first-generation hydroxy peroxy radical, formed by opening the cyclobutyl ring, is believed to be responsible for the majority of HOMs derived from OH-initiated oxidation of alpha and beta-pinene. By combining isotopically labeled precursors and direct measurements, the yield and auto-oxidation rate of this isomer were constrained, showing their significant atmospheric importance for a wide range of conditions.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)