Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Emil Hagstrom, P. Gabriel Steg, Michael Szarek, Deepak L. Bhatt, Vera A. Bittner, Nicolas Danchin, Rafael Diaz, Shaun G. Goodman, Robert A. Harrington, J. Wouter Jukema, Evangelos Liberopoulos, Nikolaus Marx, Jennifer McGinniss, Garen Manvelian, Robert Pordy, Michel Scemama, Harvey D. White, Andreas M. Zeiher, Gregory G. Schwartz
Summary: This study investigated the predictive role of apolipoprotein B (apoB) levels in residual risk after acute coronary syndrome and found that apoB provides additional predictive information. The study also found that lowering apoB levels with the medication alirocumab can reduce cardiovascular events. Therefore, controlling apoB levels is important for reducing the risk after acute coronary syndrome.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pere Rehues, Josefa Girona, Montse Guardiola, Nuria Plana, Roberto Scicali, Salvatore Piro, Ovidio Muniz-Grijalvo, Jose Luis Diaz-Diaz, Lluis Recasens, Marta Pinyol, Roser Rosales, Yaiza Esteban, Nuria Amigo, Lluis Masana, Daiana Ibarretxe, Josep Ribalta
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of iPCSK9 on glycoproteins A, B, and F, and found that iPCSK9 therapy not only reduced LDL cholesterol, but also decreased 1H-NMR glycoprotein signals, which correlated with a decrease in triglycerides and apoC-III.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Solenne Vigne, Donovan Duc, Benjamin Peter, Jessica Rebeaud, Yannick Yersin, Florian Ruiz, Valentine Bressoud, Tinh-Hai Collet, Caroline Pot
Summary: This study investigated the effect of circulating cholesterol levels on multiple sclerosis (MS) using a mouse model. The results showed that blood cholesterol level does not have a direct role in neuro-inflammatory diseases, and the protective effects of statins in MS are not related to circulating cholesterol.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Maciej Banach, Joanna Lewek, Kaja Pol, Daniel Rabczenko, Serban M. Balanescu, Vladimir Blaha, Richard Ceska, Piotr Jankowski, Stanislaw Surma, Genovefa Kolovou, Evangelos Liberopoulos, Florin Mitu, Magda Mitu, Franjo Husam Naji, Gyorgy Paragh, Magdalena Poplawska, Michal Vrablik, Daniel Pella
Summary: Despite better accessibility of effective lipid-lowering therapies, only a small percentage of high-risk cardiovascular patients achieve LDL-C goals. Patients from Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) have worse results due to limited access to appropriate therapy and suitable dosage intensity. This study compares physicians' therapeutic decisions on alirocumab dose selection in CEE countries versus other countries.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Henry N. Ginsberg, Robert S. Rosenson, G. Kees Hovingh, Alexia Letierce, Rita Samuel, Yann Poulouin, Christopher P. Cannon
Summary: Accurate assessment of LDL-C levels is important for treatment recommendations. There are limitations to calculating LDL-C using the Friedewald equation, but the Friedewald, Martin-Hopkins, and NIH equation 2 methods can guide treatment decisions for most patients.
JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Khadijeh Mahboobnia, Matteo Pirro, Ettore Marini, Francesco Grignani, Evgeny E. Bezsonov, Tannaz Jamialahmadi, Amirhossein Sahebkar
Summary: PCSK9 plays an important role in the development and progression of various cancers, highlighting its potential significance in cancer treatment. Inhibiting PCSK9 may help suppress the proliferation and invasion of tumor cells. However, the current lack of data on the role of PCSK9 in cancer and the impact of PCSK9 inhibition in cancer therapy limits our understanding of its effectiveness and safety.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tadeja Sotler, Miran Sebestjen
Summary: Disturbances in lipid metabolism are a major risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is an important protein in lipid metabolism that is also involved in inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and atherosclerotic plaque development. PCSK9 has been linked to inflammation and plays a role in the initiation and development of atherosclerotic lesions. Experimental studies have shown that an increased concentration of PCSK9 accelerates endothelial cell apoptosis and impairs endothelial function, creating conditions for the development of atherosclerosis. PCSK9 inhibitors can improve clinical outcomes through both lipid-dependent and lipid-independent pathways.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Kush K. K. Patel, Khosrow Kashfi
Summary: Cholesterol is a vital molecule for maintaining normal physiological homeostasis and serves as a precursor for various substances. However, high cholesterol levels are associated with diseases and cancer progression. Mechanisms for cholesterol-mediated cancer progression include activation of oncogenic signaling pathways and induction of oxidative stress. Lipoprotein molecules HDL and LDL play important roles in this pathogenesis. Some cholesterol-lowering medications may have potential in cancer treatment.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Safi U. Khan, Siva H. Yedlapati, Ahmad N. Lone, Qiukui Hao, Gordon Guyatt, Nicolas Delvaux, Geertruida E. (Trudy) Bekkering, Per Olav Vandvik, Irbaz Bin Riaz, Sheyu Li, Bert Aertgeerts, Nicolas Rodondi
Summary: This study aims to compare the impact of ezetimibe and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors on cardiovascular outcomes in adults taking maximally tolerated statin therapy or who are statin intolerant.
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Julius L. Katzmann, Florian Custodis, Stephan H. Schirmer, Ulrich Laufs
Summary: Lowering LDL cholesterol is an effective intervention in cardiovascular prevention. In addition to oral medications, PCSK9 inhibitors are widely used for lipid-lowering treatment with good tolerability. The novel compound inclisiran utilizes RNA interference to inhibit PCSK9 protein synthesis and only needs to be administered every 6 months.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Bushra Hassan Marouf, Zohaib Iqbal, Jamal Basheer Mohamad, Bilal Bashir, Jonathan Schofield, Akheel Syed, Eric S. Kilpatrick, Claudia Stefanutti, Handrean Soran
Summary: PCSK9 inhibitors have proven efficacy in improving cardiovascular outcomes and are safe and effective in patients with T2DM and those at high risk. Genetically determined lower LDL-C and PCSK9 concentrations may increase the incidence of T2DM, but the reduced risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease achieved through lower LDL-C exposure outweighs any potential harm. Current evidence suggests no adverse effect of PCSK9 monoclonal antibodies on glucose homeostasis.
CLINICAL THERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Mingqi Ouyang, Chenyu Li, Die Hu, Daoquan Peng, Bilian Yu
Summary: The use of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors has shown efficacy in lowering the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. However, a phenomenon of unusual responsiveness, with lower LDL-C reduction than average, has been observed. Several factors, including lack of adherence and abnormal effects of PCSK9 inhibitors, contribute to this unusual responsiveness. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effective management of LDL-C and cardiovascular risk.
CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2023)
Article
Hematology
Yong-Xiang Chen, Chunhua Shi, Jingti Deng, Catherine Diao, Nadia Maarouf, Matthew Rosin, Vipul Shrivastava, Angie A. Hu, Sonya Bharadwa, Ayinuer Adijiang, Annegret Ulke-Lemee, Brenig Gwilym, Alexandria Hellmich, Christopher Malozzi, Zarah Batulan, Jonathan L. E. Dean, F. Daniel Ramirez, Jingwen Liu, William T. Gerthoffer, Edward R. O'Brien
Summary: The study demonstrates that HSP27 immunotherapy can lower cholesterol and PCSK9 levels primarily by increasing LDLR expression, and is associated with significant reductions in inflammation.
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Sandra Hummelgaard, Joachim Pold Vilstrup, Camilla Gustafsen, Simon Glerup, Kathrin Weyer
Summary: Lowering blood cholesterol levels is crucial for reducing the risk of ASCVD, and PCSK9 plays a key role in cholesterol metabolism. Inhibiting PCSK9 has been shown to effectively reduce cholesterol levels and mitigate the risk of ASCVD events.
PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Carlota Oleaga, Michael D. Shapiro, Joshua Hay, Paul A. Mueller, Joshua Miles, Cecilia Huang, Emily Friz, Hagai Tavori, Peter P. Toth, Cezary Wojcik, Bruce A. Warden, Jonathan Q. Purnell, P. Barton Duell, Nathalie Pamir, Sergio Fazio
Summary: This study investigated the mechanisms behind the increase in plasma PCSK9 levels in response to PCSK9i therapy. The findings suggest that PCSK9i enhances PCSK9 secretion, contributing to the elevated plasma PCSK9 levels in treated subjects.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Henry N. Ginsberg, Robert S. Rosenson, G. Kees Hovingh, Alexia Letierce, Rita Samuel, Yann Poulouin, Christopher P. Cannon
Summary: Accurate assessment of LDL-C levels is important for treatment recommendations. There are limitations to calculating LDL-C using the Friedewald equation, but the Friedewald, Martin-Hopkins, and NIH equation 2 methods can guide treatment decisions for most patients.
JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH
(2022)
Letter
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Kazuma Oyama, Robert P. Giugliano, Marc S. Sabatine, Christopher P. Cannon, Eugene Braunwald
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Christopher B. Fordyce, Robert P. Giugliano, Christopher P. Cannon, Matthew T. Roe, Abhinav Sharma, Courtney Page, Jennifer A. White, Yuliya Lokhnygina, Eugene Braunwald, Michael A. Blazing
Summary: This study examines the long-term incidence and influence of cardiovascular events before sudden death among stabilized patients after an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The results show that patients stabilized within 10 days of ACS remain at long-term risk of sudden death, with the greatest risk in those with an additional cardiovascular event.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Brian S. Wojeck, Silvio E. Inzucchi, Ian J. Neeland, James P. Mancuso, Robert Frederich, Urszula Masiukiewicz, Nilo B. Cater, Darren K. McGuire, Christopher P. Cannon, Henry Klar Yaggi
Summary: The study found that ertugliflozin significantly reduces the incidence of obstructive sleep apnea in patients with type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
SLEEP AND BREATHING
(2023)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
David Z. I. Cherney, Francesco Cosentino, Samuel Dagogo-Jack, Darren K. McGuire, Richard E. Pratley, Robert Frederich, Mario Maldonado, Chih-Chin Liu, Annpey Pong, Christopher P. Cannon
Summary: This study investigates the associations between the initial estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) dip and other measures in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The results show that patients with the largest initial eGFR decline experience a slower rate of chronic eGFR decline. Additionally, the initial eGFR changes are related to changes in glucosuria and natriuresis-related measures.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEPHROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jing-Wei Li, Clare Arnott, Hiddo J. L. Heerspink, Qiang Li, Christopher P. Cannon, David C. Wheeler, David M. Charytan, Jennifer Barraclough, Gemma A. Figtree, Rajiv Agarwal, George Bakris, Dick de Zeeuw, Tom Greene, Adeera Levin, Carol Pollock, Hong Zhang, Bernard Zinman, Kenneth W. Mahaffey, Vlado Perkovic, Bruce Neal, Meg J. Jardine
Summary: In this post hoc analysis of the CREDENCE trial, it was found that canagliflozin reduced cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy, with a larger effect on total cardiovascular events compared to first events.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2022)
Letter
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Francesco Cosentino, Christopher P. Cannon, Robert Frederich, David Z. I. Cherney, Samuel Dagogo-Jack, Richard E. Pratley, James P. Mancuso, Mario Maldonado, Nilo B. Cater, Shuai Wang, Darren K. McGuire
Editorial Material
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Maciej Banach, Christopher P. Cannon, Francesco Paneni, Peter E. Penson
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Nicholas A. Marston, Amanda C. Garfinkel, Frederick K. Kamanu, Giorgio M. Melloni, Carolina Roselli, Petr Jarolim, David D. Berg, Deepak L. Bhatt, Marc P. Bonaca, Christopher P. Cannon, Robert P. Giugliano, Michelle L. O'Donoghue, Itamar Raz, Benjamin M. Scirica, Eugene Braunwald, David A. Morrow, Patrick T. Ellinor, Steven A. Lubitz, Marc S. Sabatine, Christian T. Ruff
Summary: In patients with cardiovascular conditions, AF PRS is a strong independent predictor of incident AF that provides complementary predictive value when added to a validated clinical risk score and NT-proBNP.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Eri Toda Kato, David A. Morrow, Jianping Guo, David D. Berg, Michael A. Blazing, Erin A. Bohula, Marc P. Bonaca, Christopher P. Cannon, James A. de Lemos, Robert P. Giugliano, Petr Jarolim, Tibor Kempf, L. Kristin Newby, Michelle L. O'Donoghue, Marc A. Pfeffer, Nader Rifai, Stephen D. Wiviott, Kai C. Wollert, Eugene Braunwald, Marc S. Sabatine
Summary: Levels of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) have been associated with various cardiovascular events. This study analyzed data from eight trials and found that higher GDF-15 concentration was independently associated with increased rates of cardiovascular death/hospitalization for heart failure and major adverse cardiovascular events. However, the prognostic association of GDF-15 with future myocardial infarction and stroke remained significant only in patients stabilized after recent acute coronary syndrome or with stable atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, not in acute coronary syndrome patients.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Karen D. Corbin, Samuel Dagogo-Jack, Christopher P. Cannon, David Z. I. Cherney, Francesco Cosentino, Robert Frederich, Jie Liu, Annpey Pong, Jianxin Lin, Nilo B. Cater, Richard E. Pratley
Summary: The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between indices of hepatic steatosis/fibrosis and cardiorenal outcomes. The results showed that higher fibrosis-4 score was associated with cardiovascular events, while higher hepatic steatosis index was associated with heart failure. Liver enzymes and hepatic steatosis index decreased over time with ertugliflozin.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Letter
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Joseph M. Kim, Deepak L. Bhatt, Samuel Dagogo-Jack, David Z. I. Cherney, Francesco Cosentino, Darren K. McGuire, Richard E. Pratley, Chih-Chin Liu, Nilo B. Cater, Robert Frederich, James P. Mancuso, Christopher P. Cannon
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Samuel Dagogo-Jack, Robert Frederich, Jie Liu, Christopher P. Cannon, Harry Shi, David Z. Cherney, Francesco Cosentino, Urszula Masiukiewicz, Ira Gantz, Richard E. Pratley
Summary: In the VERTIS CV trial, ertugliflozin treatment decreased the likelihood of insulin initiation, delayed the time to insulin initiation by up to approximately 1.8 years, and reduced insulin dose requirements without increasing the incidence of hypoglycemia events.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Alexander J. Blood, Christopher P. Cannon, William J. Gordon, Charlotte Mailly, Taylor MacLean, Samantha Subramaniam, Michela Tucci, Jennifer Crossen, Hunter Nichols, Kavishwar B. Wagholikar, David Zelle, Marian McPartlin, Lina S. Matta, Michael Oates, Samuel Aronson, Shawn Murphy, Adam Landman, Naomi D. L. Fisher, Thomas A. Gaziano, Jorge Plutzky, Benjamin M. Scirica
Summary: This study implemented and evaluated a remote hypertension and cholesterol management program in a diverse healthcare network. The program resulted in improved blood pressure and cholesterol control among patients, regardless of their race, ethnicity, or primary language.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Suzanne V. Arnold, James A. de Lemos, Luke Zheng, Robert S. Rosenson, Christie M. Ballantyne, Shushama Alam, Deepak L. Bhatt, Christopher P. Cannon, Mikhail Kosiborod, GOULD Investigators
Summary: The study aimed to examine the improvement in the use of optimal medical therapy (OMT) for patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and diabetes. The study found that the use of secondary prevention in US patients with ASCVD and diabetes was suboptimal, with minimal improvement over time.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2023)