Article
Oncology
Xin Fang, Lihua Liu, Shaoqiong Zhou, Mengen Zhu, Bin Wang
Summary: In diabetic animal models, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was found to decrease atherosclerotic plaque size in the aorta by increasing GSH-dependent methylglyoxal (MG) elimination, consequently reducing oxidative stress induced by atherosclerosis in diabetic animals and correcting endothelial damage.
MOLECULAR MEDICINE REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sophie Tieu, Armen Charchoglyan, Lauryn Paulsen, Lauri C. Wagter-Lesperance, Umesh K. Shandilya, Byram W. Bridle, Bonnie A. Mallard, Niel A. Karrow
Summary: N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a therapeutic drug with multiple beneficial effects for treating various diseases. It possesses antioxidant, cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and mucolytic properties. However, clinical trials have limitations and conflicting results regarding its effectiveness.
Article
Immunology
Izabella P. Safe, Eduardo P. Amaral, Mariana Araujo-Pereira, Marcus V. G. Lacerda, Vitoria S. Printes, Alexandra B. Souza, Francisco Beraldi-Magalhaes, Wuelton M. Monteiro, Vanderson S. Sampaio, Beatriz Barreto-Duarte, Alice M. S. Andrade, Renata Spener-Gomes, Allyson Guimaraes Costa, Marcelo Cordeiro-Santos, Bruno B. Andrade
Summary: NAC as a precursor of GSH can improve antioxidant status and reduce lipid peroxidation during TB treatment, with minimal impact on cytokine concentrations.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Johnny Chen, Dennis W. Hwang, Yu-Wen Chen, Tsai-Chen Chen, Nirbhay N. Yadav, Timothy Stait-Gardner, William S. Price, Gang Zheng
Summary: This study investigated the feasibility of using CEST MRI to detect hepatic uptake of NAC and GSH in vivo. It found strong evidence of hepatic NAC uptake, but the detection of GSH was inconclusive based on the current results.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Runming Wang, Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan, Suyu Wang, Hongyan Li, Jiajia Zhao, Tiffany Ka-Yan Ip, Zhong Zuo, Kwok-Yung Yuen, Shuofeng Yuan, Hongzhe Sun
Summary: The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants impacts vaccine efficacy, highlighting the importance of further developing orally administered anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapies. A cocktail therapy combining colloidal bismuth subcitrate or bismuth subsalicylate with N-acetyl-l-cysteine shows potent preclinical anti-SARS-CoV-2 efficacy, offering a potential at-home treatment for combating SARS-CoV-2 and future coronavirus infections.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Priyanga Kumar, Noel Nesakumar, Jayashree Gopal, Sakthivel Sivasubramanian, Srinivasan Vedantham, John Bosco Balaguru Rayappan
Summary: This study developed an electrochemical biosensor for measuring MG levels in the plasma of type-2 diabetes mellitus patients. The biosensor showed a wide linear concentration range, high sensitivity, and a 90% correlation with ELISA data. It also exhibited a significant correlation with HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose levels.
BIOELECTROCHEMISTRY
(2024)
Article
Psychiatry
Sara Schiavi, Piergiorgio La Rosa, Sara Petrillo, Emilia Carbone, Jessica D'Amico, Fiorella Piemonte, Viviana Trezza
Summary: NAC treatment ameliorates the social deficit and normalizes GSH imbalance in VPA-exposed rats, while partially rescuing the altered gene expression. These findings contribute to our understanding of the therapeutic effect and molecular mechanisms of NAC in ASD.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Elena Obrador, Rosario Salvador-Palmer, Rafael Lopez-Blanch, Maria Oriol-Caballo, Paz Moreno-Murciano, Jose M. Estrela
Summary: Malignant melanoma, a cancer derived from melanocytes, can develop on skin, mucous membranes, and other locations. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an antioxidant drug, may play a role in preventing cancer, but high doses could potentially cause metastatic spread of melanoma. Antioxidant properties of NAC and other promoters of glutathione synthesis should be used cautiously in cancer patients to avoid promoting metastatic growth.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Liang Zheng, Wouter Bakker, Ignacio Miro Estruch, Frances Widjaja, Ivonne M. C. M. Rietjens
Summary: This study characterizes the scavenging capacity of glutathione (GSH) and kaempferol for methylglyoxal (MGO), finding that kaempferol is a better scavenger for food-borne MGO, while GSH is more dominant for intracellular MGO protection.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Vasco Branco, Lucia Coppo, Michael Aschner, Cristina Carvalho
Summary: This study analyzed the effect of Hg2+ on the activation of NF-kB (p50) and p38, as well as the transcription of pro-inflammatory genes in microglial cells. It was found that Hg2+ disrupted the redox systems in microglia, leading to the activation of p38 and transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Adequate nutritional status was shown to minimize the toxicity resulting from Hg exposure.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kazutoshi Yamamoto, Ana Opina, Deepak Sail, Burchelle Blackman, Keita Saito, Jeffrey R. Brender, Ronja M. Malinowski, Tomohiro Seki, Nobu Oshima, Daniel R. Crooks, Shun Kishimoto, Yu Saida, Yasunori Otowa, Peter L. Choyke, Jan H. Ardenkjaer-Larsen, James B. Mitchell, W. Marston Linehan, Rolf E. Swenson, Murali C. Krishna
Summary: NAC, as a novel hyperpolarized C-13 MRI probe, shows potential as a non-invasive biomarker for monitoring in vivo redox status, and could be translatable to clinical diagnosis. Its ability to monitor glutathione redox chemistry makes it valuable in metabolic research and therapy development.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Ganesh Raghu, Michael Berk, Peter A. Campochiaro, Hartmut Jaeschke, Giancarlo Marenzi, Luca Richeldi, Fu-Qiang Wen, Ferdinando Nicoletti, Peter M. A. Calverley
Summary: Oxidative stress can damage biological molecules, but substances like glutathione help protect cells. NAC, used as a mucolytic and antidote, is applied in various diseases.
CURRENT NEUROPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Long Guo, Long Ling, Xiaoqian Wang, Ting Cheng, Hongyan Wang, Yanan Ruan
Summary: This study revealed the crucial roles of H2S and MG in reducing Cd-induced oxidative damage to Salix matsudana seedlings and demonstrated the importance of GSH metabolism in regulating Cd-induced stress.
Article
Plant Sciences
Julian Koschmieder, Saleh Alseekh, Marzieh Shabani, Raymonde Baltenweck, Veronica G. Maurino, Klaus Palme, Alisdair R. Fernie, Philippe Hugueney, Ralf Welsch
Summary: The analysis of carotenoid-accumulating roots reveals that carotenoids are oxidatively degraded into glyoxal and methylglyoxal, which are detoxified through the glyoxalase system and re-enter primary metabolic pathways. The levels of carotenoids in plant tissues depend on the rates of synthesis and degradation. Glutathione levels are increased in carotenoid-accumulating roots, suggesting a potential role in detoxifying apocarotenoid-derived glyoxal and methylglyoxal.
PLANT CELL REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Keungmo Yang, Hee-Hoon Kim, Young-Ri Shim, Tom Ryu, Chang Wook Kim
Summary: This meta-analysis found that N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has therapeutic potential for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It significantly improves lipid metabolism, inflammation-related liver injury, glucose intolerance, and hepatic steatosis by restoring hepatic glutathione levels and GSH reductase levels. Cell experiments and transcriptomics data further support this treatment.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)