Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Margalit Haber, Franck Amyot, Cillian E. Lynch, Danielle K. Sandsmark, Kimbra Kenney, John K. Werner, Carol Moore, Kelley Flesher, Sarah Woodson, Erika Silverman, Yiyu Chou, Dzung Pham, Ramon Diaz-Arrastia
Summary: The study indicates that diffuse axonal injury (DAI) and diffuse vascular injury (DVI) in traumatic brain injury (TBI) represent two distinct endophenotypes that are spatially independent.
JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM
(2021)
Review
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Cyrus Ayubcha, Mona-Elisabeth Revheim, Andrew Newberg, Mateen Moghbel, Chaitanya Rojulpote, Thomas J. Werner, Abass Alavi
Summary: PET has been widely used in the study of traumatic brain injury (TBI) for decades, with recent focus on imaging biomarkers related to TBI and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). This review critically assesses the use of glycolysis, beta-amyloid, and tau protein radiotracers in the context of TBI, weighing their strengths and weaknesses. Despite the ongoing debate, PET remains a powerful modality in diagnosing TBI-related conditions.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Jean Michaud, Isabelle Plu, Jacqueline Parai, Andre Bourgault, Caroline Tanguay, Danielle Seilhean, John Woulfe
Summary: Traumatic brain injury is a major insult that can lead to the development of chronic traumatic encephalopathy. In this study, severe TBI patients who remained comatose until death were found to have ballooned neurons, similar to those seen in neurodegenerative disorders. The presence of these neurons in TBI patients has not been previously reported. Further research is needed to understand the frequency of this neuronal finding and its relationship with proximal axonal defects.
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Lynde M. Wangler, Jonathan P. Godbout
Summary: After traumatic brain injury, activation of inflammatory pathways leads to microglial activation and excessive reactivity, which is related to aging and interferon signaling.
TRENDS IN NEUROSCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Michael L. Alosco, Megan L. Mariani, Charles H. Adler, Laura J. Balcer, Charles Bernick, Rhoda Au, Sarah J. Banks, William B. Barr, Sylvain Bouix, Robert C. Cantu, Michael J. Coleman, David W. Dodick, Lindsay A. Farrer, Yonas E. Geda, Douglas I. Katz, Inga K. Koerte, Neil W. Kowall, Alexander P. Lin, Daniel S. Marcus, Kenneth L. Marek, Michael D. McClean, Ann C. McKee, Jesse Mez, Joseph N. Palmisano, Elaine R. Peskind, Yorghos Tripodis, Robert W. Turner, Jennifer V. Wethe, Jeffrey L. Cummings, Eric M. Reiman, Martha E. Shenton, Robert A. Stern
Summary: The DIAGNOSE CTE Research Project aims to develop biomarkers for CTE, characterize its clinical presentation, validate diagnostic criteria, study risk factors, and share resources. With 240 male participants enrolled and baseline evaluations completed, the study is expected to contribute significantly to CTE research.
ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2021)
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Ioannis Mavroudis, Ioana-Miruna Balmus, Alin Ciobica, Alina-Costina Luca, Dragos Lucian Gorgan, Irina Dobrin, Irina Luciana Gurzu
Summary: Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a complex pathological condition resulting from repeated head traumas, with a diagnosis currently only possible postmortem. This study discusses the limitations of available diagnostic criteria for traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES)/CTE and proposes a diagnostic algorithm for a more accurate procedure.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Xintong Ge, Mengtian Guo, Meimei Li, Shishuang Zhang, Junlian Qiang, Luoyun Zhu, Lu Cheng, Wenzhu Li, Yan Wang, Jinwen Yu, Zhenyu Yin, Fanglian Chen, Wen Tong, Ping Lei
Summary: Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with repetitive head impacts, which is common in elderly people, athletes of full contact sports, military personnel, and victims of domestic violence. A diagnostic framework for CTE was proposed in 2021, but the clinical diagnostic criteria still need to be refined and validated with in vivo biomarkers. Tianjin Medical University General Hospital has conducted an observational cohort study since 2021, identifying potential CTE biomarkers in blood and exosomes. These biomarkers may contribute to updating the consensus diagnostic criteria for CTE.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Amy E. Jolly, Maria Balaet, Adriana Azor, Daniel Friedland, Stefano Sandrone, Neil S. N. Graham, Karl Zimmerman, David J. Sharp
Summary: This study introduces a pipeline for assessing the presence of axonal injury in traumatic brain injury patients, revealing that the majority of patients have axonal injury in the chronic and subacute phases. Patients with axonal injury exhibit significantly poorer cognitive and functional outcomes.
Article
Neurosciences
Jessica M. Sharkey, Ryan D. Quarrington, Justin L. Krieg, Lola Kaukas, Renee J. Turner, Anna Leonard, Claire F. Jones, Frances Corrigan
Summary: Damage to axonal white matter tracts within the brain is a major contributor to neurological impairment and long-term disability after traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study aimed to investigate the effect of post-traumatic hypoxia on axonal injury and inflammation in a sheep model of TBI. The results showed that early axonal injury was characterized by calpain activation and increased SNTF immunoreactivity, while axonal transport was not impaired. These findings indicate that axonal injury post-TBI is driven by different pathophysiological mechanisms.
Review
Neurosciences
Shane Mallon, Jacek M. Kwiecien, John P. Karis
Summary: In traumatic injuries of the brain and spinal cord, severe and prolonged inflammation plays a key role, leading to damaging effects on blood vessels and persistent vasogenic edema. Imaging evaluation is crucial for identifying abnormalities requiring immediate intervention and has potential applications for neuroprotective therapies. Neuroimaging is essential for diagnosis and guiding therapy in neurotrauma research and clinical trials.
CURRENT NEUROPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Michael L. Alosco, Julia Culhane, Jesse Mez
Summary: CTE is a neurodegenerative disease associated with repetitive head impacts, with no current method for diagnosis during life. Neuroimaging is crucial for diagnosing CTE, showing evidence of frontotemporal and medial temporal lobe neurodegeneration. Studies are limited by small samples and unknown presence of underlying CTE, highlighting the need for further imaging-pathological correlation research.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marios Lampros, Nikolaos Vlachos, Parmenion P. Tsitsopoulos, Anastasia K. Zikou, Maria I. Argyropoulou, Spyridon Voulgaris, George A. Alexiou
Summary: Traumatic axonal injury (TAI) is a subtype of traumatic brain injury (TBI) that results from high-impact forces causing damage to axonal fibers. Conventional imaging methods often fail to detect TAI lesions, but novel imaging modalities and biomarkers show promise in improving diagnosis and prediction of outcomes in TAI patients. This review discusses the role of these imaging modalities and potential biomarkers in diagnosing, classifying, and predicting outcomes in TAI patients.
Article
Neurosciences
Daniel J. Brennan, Jeffrey Duda, Jeffrey B. Ware, John Whyte, Joon Yul Choi, James Gugger, Kristen Focht, Alexa E. Walter, Tamara Bushnik, James C. Gee, Ramon Diaz-Arrastia, Junghoon J. Kim
Summary: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in progressive neurodegeneration and brain atrophy. This study investigated the spatial and temporal evolution of TBI-related atrophy using longitudinal scans of 37 individuals with TBI and 33 matched controls. The results showed early cortical thinning and reduced volume in specific brain regions, as well as continued atrophy over time. The findings suggest that atrophy during the first year of TBI can serve as a biomarker for neurodegeneration.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Kamar E. Ameen-Ali, Abigail Bretzin, Edward B. Lee, Rebecca Folkerth, Lili-Naz Hazrati, Diego Iacono, C. Dirk Keene, Julia Kofler, Gabor G. Kovacs, Amber Nolan, Daniel P. Perl, David S. Priemer, Douglas H. Smith, Douglas J. Wiebe, William Stewart
Summary: This study evaluated the neuropathological changes of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) and found that the presence of both neuronal and astroglial tau pathologies facilitates the detection of CTE, while the detection is less consistent when only neuronal pathology is visible.
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Grace Rosen, Daniel Kirsch, Sarah Horowitz, Jonathan D. Cherry, Raymond Nicks, Hunter Kelley, Madeline Uretsky, Kevin Dell'Aquila, Rebecca Mathias, Kerry A. Cormier, Caroline A. Kubilus, Jesse Mez, Yorghos Tripodis, Thor D. Stein, Victor E. Alvarez, Michael L. Alosco, Ann C. McKee, Bertrand R. Huber
Summary: Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by repetitive head impacts. It is characterized by the accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau protein in the brain's cortical sulci. Studies have shown that athletes exposed to head impacts have increased blood-brain barrier permeability and reduced cerebral blood flow. This study used SHIELD tissue processing and fluorescent confocal microscopy to examine the three-dimensional microvascular changes in individuals with CTE. The results revealed increased vascular coverage and branching in the dorsolateral frontal cortex sulci, which correlated with tau pathology.
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)