Journal
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 9, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01266
Keywords
invariant natural killer T cell; CD1d; glycolipid; adjuvant activity; microbial infection
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Funding
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan [KAKENHI 16H05349]
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, AMED [18im0210107j0002]
- Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan [H28 Shinko-Gyosei-005]
- Yakult Bio-Science Foundation
- Takeda Science Foundation
- Life Science Foundation of Japan
- Astellas Foundation for Research on Metabolic Disorders
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CD1d-restricted invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are innate-type lymphocytes that express a T-cell receptor (TCR) containing an invariant a chain encoded by the V alpha 14 gene in mice and V alpha 24 gene in humans. These iNKT cells recognize endogenous, microbial, and synthetic glycolipid antigens presented by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-like molecule CD1d. Upon TCR stimulation by glycolipid antigens, iNKT cells rapidly produce large amounts of cytokines, including interferon-gamma (IFN gamma) and interleukin-4 (IL-4). Activated iNKT cells contribute to host protection against a broad spectrum of microbial pathogens, and glycolipid-mediated stimulation of iNKT cells ameliorates many microbial infections by augmenting innate and acquired immunity. In some cases, however, antigen-activated iNKT cells exacerbate microbial infections by promoting pathogenic inflammation. Therefore, it is important to identify appropriate microbial targets for the application of iNKT cell activation as a treatment or vaccine adjuvant. Many studies have found that iNKT cell activation induces potent adjuvant activities promoting protective vaccine effects. In this review, we summarize the functions of CD1d-restricted iNKT cells in immune responses against microbial pathogens and describe the potential applications of glycolipid-mediated iNKT cell activation for preventing and controlling microbial infections.
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