Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kai Hou, Xiaohui Xu, Xin Ge, Jiacen Jiang, Fan Ouyang
Summary: Immune checkpoints play a role in promoting tumor growth and inhibiting immune-mediated cancer cell apoptosis. Targeting immune checkpoints has been successful in treating various cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, some patients do not respond to this therapy due to acquired resistance and recurrence. Understanding the specific mechanisms of immune checkpoints in HCC development is crucial for improving the efficacy of anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 therapy.
Article
Oncology
Luise Victoria Claass, Christoph Schultheiss, Rebekka Scholz, Lisa Paschold, Donjete Simnica, Volker Heinemann, Sebastian Stintzing, Mascha Binder
Summary: The two most common antibody targeting principles in oncology are direct antitumor effects and the release of antitumor T cell immunity through immune checkpoint blockade. This study confirms that the targeting of checkpoint molecules on tumor cells can also lead to direct tumor cell killing. It also identifies PD-L1 position 88 as a hotspot residue that critically regulates PD-L1 cell surface expression in the context of immune checkpoint blockade.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Pei Wang, Longfei Tang, Bohui Zhou, Liangfen Cheng, Robert Chunhua Zhao, Juan Zhang
Summary: Immune checkpoints are a series of molecules that regulate the degree of immune activation, including PD-1/PD-L1, CTLA-4, LAG-3, and others. Immune checkpoint therapy is considered to be a safer and more effective treatment for tumor immunotherapy compared to conventional therapy. The analysis of immune checkpoints is crucial for immunotherapy medication, treatment, and prognosis evaluation.
TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Qian Li, Jingjing Han, Yonglin Yang, Yu Chen
Summary: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a high prevalence and mortality rate worldwide. In recent years, immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors, particularly targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis, has brought fundamental changes to the treatment of advanced HCC. However, challenges remain and combination therapy may be a better option to improve the low remission rate.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Shuang Huang, Gang Zheng, Kai Yang
Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors combined with CTLA-4 inhibitors in malignant solid tumors. The results showed that the addition of CTLA-4 inhibitors did not significantly improve overall response rate and survival outcomes. However, there was an increased risk of grade 3-4 adverse events with the combination therapy. More large-scale and multicenter randomized controlled trials are needed to obtain more reliable results.
WORLD JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Ilaria Porcellato, Samanta Mecocci, Chiara Brachelente, Katia Cappelli, Federico Armando, Alessia Tognoloni, Elisabetta Chiaradia, Valentina Stefanetti, Luca Mechelli, Marco Pepe, Rodolfo Gialletti, Benedetta Passeri, Alessandro Ghelardi, Elisabetta Razzuoli
Summary: The study investigated the expression of PD-L1 and CTLA-4 in penile tumors of horses, particularly in malignant squamous cell carcinomas. Results showed that these molecules are not frequently expressed in equine penile tumors, suggesting limited efficacy of ICI in treating these tumors.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Youliang Zhao, Changfu Hao, Meng Li, Yaqian Qu, Yonghua Guo, Xuedan Deng, Huifang Si, Wu Yao
Summary: This study demonstrates the potential value of immune checkpoint inhibitors, particularly PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, in the treatment of silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis. The findings suggest that these inhibitors can modulate immune system disruption caused by silica exposure and provide new ideas for the treatment of fibrosis-related diseases.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ritu Shrestha, Prashanth Prithviraj, Kim R. Bridle, Darrell H. G. Crawford, Aparna Jayachandran
Summary: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignancy, and treatment with Sorafenib may lead to drug resistance. Research shows that combining inhibition of EMT and immune checkpoint molecules can enhance the sensitivity of HCC cells to Sorafenib.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Hao Zhang, Ziyu Dai, Wantao Wu, Zeyu Wang, Nan Zhang, Liyang Zhang, Wen-Jing Zeng, Zhixiong Liu, Quan Cheng
Summary: The regulatory mechanisms of PD-L1 and CTLA-4 play a crucial role in immunotherapy, and understanding their interactions can help improve patients' treatment responses and clinical care.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Parisa Shiri Aghbash, Narges Eslami, Ali Shamekh, Taher Entezari-Maleki, Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan in December 2019, highlights the significance of respiratory disorders, lymphopenia, cytokine cascades, and immune responses in disease severity. Investigation of inhibitory immune checkpoints could impact treatment strategies, with T-cells playing a key role in clearing viral infections and reducing symptoms. Lymphocyte depletion and enhanced expression of inhibitory immune checkpoints in individuals with COVID-19 contribute to T-cell dysfunction and exhaustion, particularly in severe cases.
Review
Oncology
David Johnson, Brigette B. Y. Ma
Summary: The upregulation of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway is a possible immune-evasion mechanism in Epstein-Barr virus-associated nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC). Therapeutic targeting of this pathway is actively researched in NPC, with multiple monoclonal antibodies currently under evaluation in clinical settings. Combinatorial strategies involving cytotoxic chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and other immunotherapeutic agents are also being explored in clinical trials for NPC.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yoshihide Suzuki, Keisuke Ichinohe, Akihiro Sugawara, Shinya Kida, Shinya Murase, Jing Zhang, Osamu Yamada, Toshio Hattori, Yoshiteru Oshima, Haruhisa Kikuchi
Summary: In this study, novel immune checkpoint inhibitors with enhanced potency were developed through modifications of an existing unnatural pentacyclic compound. These inhibitors showed the ability to suppress both CTLA-4 and PD-L1 gene expression and protein expression, making them the first reported dual small-molecule inhibitors of CTLA-4 and PD-L1.
FRONTIERS IN CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xianjing Chu, Wentao Tian, Ziqi Wang, Jing Zhang, Rongrong Zhou
Summary: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer treatment by offering long-lasting responses and survival benefits. However, response rates vary among individuals and cancer types, leading to the proposal of dual ICI combination therapy. TIGIT, an inhibitory receptor associated with T-cell exhaustion, has diverse immunosuppressive effects and can synergize with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade to enhance tumor rejection. Preclinical studies have shown potential benefits, and clinical trials are underway to evaluate the safety and efficacy of TIGIT and PD-1/PD-L1 co-inhibition. Overall, co-inhibition of TIGIT and PD-1/PD-L1 represents a promising approach to improve outcomes for cancer patients treated with ICIs.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Tawit Suriyo, Mayuree Fuangthong, Charlermchai Artpradit, Teerapat Ungtrakul, Thaniya Sricharunrat, Fatma Taha, Jutamaad Satayavivad
Summary: The PD-L1/PD-1 axis inhibits T-cell-mediated immune response in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), leading to immune evasion. Using an anti-PD-1 antibody may be a potential therapeutic strategy, but further research is needed for validation.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Heather Nesbitt, Keiran Logan, Keith Thomas, Bridgeen Callan, Jinhui Gao, Thomas McKaig, Mark Taylor, Mark Love, Eleanor Stride, Anthony P. McHale, John F. Callan
Summary: The study demonstrates that sonodynamic therapy (SDT) combined with anti-PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment significantly reduces tumor volume and promotes increased infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in off-target tumors in a pancreatic cancer model.
