Review
Cell Biology
Yuxiang Du, Bo Yan
Summary: The retinal pigment epithelium is crucial for maintaining ocular immune privilege by using various mechanisms to suppress immune responses and prevent inflammation. This review focuses on the role of retinal pigment epithelium cells in immune regulation, particularly the changes that occur under pathological conditions.
JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Nicolas Krause, Joerg Mengwasser, Elpida Phithak, Francisca Beato, Marc Appis, Edgar Louis Milford, Johan Pratschke, Igor Sauer, Anja Kuehl, Arndt Vogel, Michael Goodyear, Linda Hammerich, Frank Tacke, Johanna Faith Haas, Tobias Mueller, Nalan Utku
Summary: IR1 cells are a subset of T regulatory cells that have immune suppressive functions and can inhibit proliferation in mixed lymphocyte reactions. They deliver regulatory signals by binding to their ligand, HLA-DR alpha 2, and have the potential to modulate immune dysregulation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Rheumatology
Antonios G. A. Kolios, George C. Tsokos, David Klatzmann
Summary: Failure of regulatory T (T-reg) cells to properly control immune responses leads to autoimmunity and organ damage. Using low-dose natural IL-2 to restore T-reg cell fitness has shown clinical efficacy, and genetically modified IL-2 with increased selectivity for T-reg cells is being developed for clinical use. Modulating IL-2 signaling and T-reg cell biology may provide novel treatment avenues for autoimmune diseases.
NATURE REVIEWS RHEUMATOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Yuzhi Lu, Ni Xia, Xiang Cheng
Summary: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a crucial role in the development of chronic heart failure, suppressing excessive inflammatory responses and promoting stable scar formation in the early stage of heart injury. However, in chronic heart failure, the functions and phenotypes of Tregs change, transforming into a cell type that is harmful to the heart.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Asmaa M. Zahran, Azza Shibl, Amal Rayan, Mohamed Alaa Eldeen Hassan Mohamed, Amira M. M. Osman, Khaled Saad, Khaled Hashim Mahmoud, Aliaa M. A. Ghandour, Khalid I. Elsayh, Omnia El-Badawy
Summary: The study evaluated the levels of MDSCs and Tregs in pediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and their impact on disease progression. The findings suggest that PMN-MDSCs and Tregs play critical roles in the immune-suppressive state conducive to B-ALL tumor progression. Targeting both PMN-MDSCs and Tregs may be a promising approach for B-ALL treatment.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Meihong Da, Luxia Chen, Alexander Enk, Sabine Ring, Karsten Mahnke
Summary: Adenosine (Ado) has immunosuppressive effects, and the ectoenzyme CD73 is crucial for the production of extracellular Ado. CD73 is highly expressed in regulatory T cells (Tregs) and upregulated after activation. Ado generated by CD73(+) Tregs plays a role in immune suppression of dendritic cells, monocytes, and T cells, making CD73 a novel checkpoint inhibitor in immunosuppressive environments such as tumors. Therapeutic intervention targeting CD73 is currently under investigation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Paola de Candia, Claudio Procaccini, Claudia Russo, Maria Teresa Lepore, Giuseppe Matarese
Summary: Regulatory T cells, as key metabolic sensors, play a crucial role in controlling immune state and have promising therapeutic potential for autoimmune and metabolic disorders.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Natalia M. Krajewska, Remi Fiancette, Ye H. Oo
Summary: Immune-mediated cholangiopathies are characterized by the destruction of bile ducts, leading to liver inflammation and fibrosis. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a crucial role in these diseases, but their function can be impaired by the inflamed microenvironment. Mast cells (MCs) are also involved in the pathogenesis by releasing pro-inflammatory mediators. MCs can indirectly influence Treg function and there are also direct interactions between MCs and Tregs. Understanding the crosstalk between Tregs and MCs is important for the progression of autoimmune cholangiopathy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Qi Jiang, Guocan Yang, Qi Liu, Shengjun Wang, Dawei Cui
Summary: Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic and heterogeneous autoimmune disease characterized by symmetrical polyarthritis, with dysfunction of regulatory T (Treg) cells potentially contributing to the breakdown of self-tolerance. The ideal treatment strategy for RA should focus on re-inducing self-tolerance to prevent obvious tissue injury.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Yukinori Tanaka, Yuichi Yokoyama, Taku Kambayashi
Summary: Therapeutic strategies to enhance Treg cell proliferation or suppressive function are promising in the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. The application of the vitamin D3 analog MC903 has been found to systemically expand Treg cells by stimulating TSLP production from the skin. This study showed that TSLP receptor signaling in dendritic cells was necessary for Treg expansion, and that MC903 treatment increased migratory DCs in skin-draining lymph nodes, promoting Treg proliferation.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Lourdes Rocamora-Reverte, Franz Leonard Melzer, Reinhard Wuerzner, Birgit Weinberger
Summary: The immune system is a tightly regulated network, where regulatory T cells play an important role in maintaining immune homeostasis. Different types of T cells have regulatory functions in modulating immune responses, and the aging process can affect the composition of immune cells.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Maximilian Haist, Henner Stege, Stephan Grabbe, Matthias Bros
Summary: Immunotherapy has shown benefits for advanced cancer patients, but many still do not respond to treatment. The accumulation of immunosuppressive cell populations like MDSC and Treg in the tumor microenvironment contributes to immune resistance and limits the effectiveness of immunotherapy.
Review
Immunology
Jingli Lu, Yan Liang, Haiyang Meng, Ailing Zhang, Junjie Zhao, Chengliang Zhang
Summary: The article discusses the metabolic and epigenetic features of Treg cells, as well as the impact of metabolites on epigenetic changes in Treg cells, which in turn affect the activation, differentiation, and function of Treg cells.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Yiran Qiu, Shouyu Ke, Jieqiong Chen, Zhizhen Qin, Wenle Zhang, Yaqin Yuan, Dehua Meng, Gang Zhao, Kejin Wu, Bin Li, Dan Li
Summary: This review summarizes the latest findings on the dynamic connections and reciprocal regulations of non-lymphoid Treg cell subsets in the immune escape of tumour cells in solid tumors, providing new insights for the development of next-generation engineered T cell-based immune treatments for solid tumors.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Jaehwan Kim, Ariana Moreno, James G. G. Krueger
Summary: Psoriasis vulgaris is a common inflammatory disease affecting 7.5 million adults in the US, with immunopathogenesis paradigms rapidly evolving due to advancements in technology. Single-cell RNA sequencing technology is now being applied to clinical trials of biologics to test the expansion of regulatory immune cell subsets involved in skin homeostasis.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Satoko Nakano, Yasuhiro Tomaru, Toshiaki Kubota, Hiroshi Takase, Manabu Mochizuki, Norio Shimizu, Sunao Sugita
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2020)