Listening to Relaxing Music Improves Physiological Responses in Premature Infants A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Premature infants are exposed to high levels of noise in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Purpose: This study evaluated the effect of a relaxing music therapy intervention composed by artificial intelligence on respiratory rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate. Methods: A double-blind, randomized, controlled trial was conducted in the NICUs of 2 general public hospitals in Andalusia, Spain. Participants were 17 healthy premature infants, randomly allocated to the intervention group or the control group (silence) at a 1: 1 ratio. To be included in the study, the subjects were to be 32 to 36 weeks of gestation at birth (M = 32.33; SD = 1.79) and passed a hearing screening test satisfactorily. The intervention lasted 20 minutes, 3 times a day for 3 consecutive days, while infants were in the incubator. Infants' heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure were assessed before and after each intervention session. Results: After each session, the respiratory rate decreased in the experimental group (main between-groups effect (F-1,F-13 = 6.73, P =.022,eta(2)(partial) = 0.34). Across the sessions, the heart rate increased in the control group (main betweengroups effect, F-1,F-11 = 5.09, P =.045,eta(2) (partial) = 0.32). Implications for Research: Future studies can use this music intervention to assess its potential effects in premature infants. Implications for Practice: Nurses can apply the relaxing music intervention presented in this study to ameliorate the impact of the stressful environment on premature infants.