Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Marvin Frisch, Meng-Yang Ye, Muhammad Hamid Raza, Aleks Arinchtein, Denis Bernsmeier, Anna Gomer, Thomas Bredow, Nicola Pinna, Ralph Kraehnert
Summary: Metal carbides can be promising materials for electrocatalytic reactions such as water electrolysis. This study presents a new method for synthesizing porous tungsten carbide films surface-modified with nickel oxide, which demonstrates significantly improved OER catalytic activity in alkaline medium. The highly conductive carbide support promotes the conversion of Ni2+ into Ni3+, leading to outstanding mass-specific activity in the OER process.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Rohit Attri, Debendra Prasad Panda, Jay Ghatak, C. N. R. Rao
Summary: In this study, NiO epitaxial thin films were successfully prepared at low temperatures using plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) technique. The films exhibited excellent crystallinity and ultra-smooth surface without the need for post-annealing. Additionally, the magnetic properties of (111) oriented NiO films prepared using PEALD were explored for the first time, revealing their antiferromagnetic nature.
Article
Physics, Applied
M. Jullien, C. S. Chang, L. Badie, S. Robert, M. Hehn, D. Lacour, F. Montaigne
Summary: Cobalt thin films were grown using plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition, with investigations into their electrical and magnetic properties as a function of growth temperature. It was found that the magnetic and resistivity properties of the films varied with growth temperature, with an optimal growth temperature of 340 degrees C. The study suggests that atomic layer deposition may be a viable alternative for depositing ferromagnetic layers in spintronics applications.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Miika Mattinen, Jeff J. P. M. Schulpen, Rebecca A. A. Dawley, Farzan Gity, Marcel A. A. Verheijen, Wilhelmus M. M. Kessels, Ageeth A. A. Bol
Summary: This study presents an advanced plasma-enhanced ALD process for depositing wafer-scale polycrystalline MoS2 films with controlled thickness at low temperatures, which is promising for applications in electronics and electrocatalysis.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yue Yang, Xiao-Ying Zhang, Chen Wang, Fang-Bin Ren, Run-Feng Zhu, Chia-Hsun Hsu, Wan-Yu Wu, Dong-Sing Wuu, Peng Gao, Yu-Jiao Ruan, Shui-Yang Lien, Wen-Zhang Zhu
Summary: Amorphous gallium oxide thin films were grown using plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition. The films exhibited decreasing band gap energy and increased density as the temperature increased. The higher substrate temperature also resulted in increased surface roughness. Films grown at temperatures below 200 degrees C were amorphous, while the film grown at 250 degrees C showed slight crystallinity.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Emanuela Schiliro, Filippo Giannazzo, Salvatore Di Franco, Giuseppe Greco, Patrick Fiorenza, Fabrizio Roccaforte, Pawel Prystawko, Piotr Kruszewski, Mike Leszczynski, Ildiko Cora, Bela Pecz, Zsolt Fogarassy, Raffaella Lo Nigro
Summary: In this study, ultra-thin aluminum nitride (AlN) films with a thickness of 5 nm were successfully prepared using plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (PE-ALD) on gallium nitride (GaN) substrates, and their structural, chemical, and electrical properties were investigated. The formation of a sharp epitaxial interface between AlN and GaN resulted in the creation of a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG), with excellent current transport properties demonstrated through various analysis techniques. The electron transport through the AlN film followed the Fowler-Nordheim tunneling mechanism, with an average barrier height in good agreement with the expected AlN/GaN conduction band offset.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Selvaraj Seenivasan, Hyeonjung Jung, Jeong Woo Han, Do-Heyoung Kim
Summary: By converting the nanoshells of the electrocatalyst into active shell layers through controlled anion-exchange reactions, the surface active sites are increased, facilitating faster water splitting kinetics. The modulation of electron density induced by the nanoshell layer decreases overpotentials of electrodes, leading to improved reaction rates. In addition, the composite electrodes demonstrate good durability during industrial seawater electrolysis, maintaining stable electrochemical activity after continuous water splitting for 10 days.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shicong Jiang, Wan-Yu Wu, Fangbin Ren, Chia-Hsun Hsu, Xiaoying Zhang, Peng Gao, Dong-Sing Wuu, Chien-Jung Huang, Shui-Yang Lien, Wenzhang Zhu
Summary: The application of (In, Al, Ga)N materials in photovoltaic devices has attracted much attention. However, to deposit high-quality GaN material as a foundation is essential. Plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) combines the advantages of ALD process with plasma utilization and has been used to deposit thin films with various requirements. In this study, NH3-containing plasma was used to eliminate the residual oxygen during the growth of GaN films, which significantly improved the quality of the films. The plasma power controlled NH2, NH, and H radicals showed strong influence on the oxygen content, growth rate, crystallinity, and surface roughness of the GaN films.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
Ramin Ghiyasi, Milena Milich, John Tomko, Patrick E. Hopkins, Maarit Karppinen
Summary: Inorganic-organic superlattice (SL) thin films fabricated using ALD/MLD technique show promise for flexible thermoelectric applications, with efficient heat conduction blocking at the inorganic/organic interfaces. The ability to manipulate layer sequences precisely and coat demanding substrates like textiles makes ALD/MLD advantageous. Studies on different organic components aim to explore bonding structure importance, density difference at the interfaces, and the thickness of monomolecular organic blocking layers.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jin Joo Ryu, Kanghyoek Jeon, Hyunchul Sohn, Gun Hwan Kim
Summary: This study developed atomic layer deposition processes for GeTex and GeTexS1-x thin films in threshold switching devices. By analyzing the electrical performance and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, it was found that S-doped GeTex thin films exhibited improved electrical characteristics, providing guidance for the fabrication of electronic devices in next-generation memory and brain-inspired neuromorphic applications.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xiao-Ying Zhang, Yue Yang, Zhi-Xuan Zhang, Xin-Peng Geng, Chia-Hsun Hsu, Wan-Yu Wu, Shui-Yang Lien, Wen-Zhang Zhu
Summary: In this study, SiO2 films were deposited by remote plasma atomic layer deposition using different oxygen plasma powers. The results showed that the oxygen plasma power had a significant impact on the growth rate and surface properties of the SiO2 films. Additionally, increasing post-annealing temperature resulted in denser SiO2 films with higher refractive index and lower etch rate.
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Mari Napari, Tahmida N. Huq, Robert L. Z. Hoye, Judith L. MacManus-Driscoll
Summary: Nickel oxide (NiOx) is a key p-type oxide semiconductor with versatile and tunable properties, widely used in electronic devices. The properties of NiO(x) thin films strongly depend on the deposition method and conditions. Efficient implementation of NiO(x) in next-generation devices will require controllable growth and processing methods.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yu-Chang Chen, Ding-Bo Chen, Guang Zeng, Xiao-Xi Li, Yu-Chun Li, Xue-Feng Zhao, Na Chen, Ting-Yun Wang, Ying-Guo Yang, David Wei Zhang, Hong-Liang Lu
Summary: In this study, high-performance Ga2O3 SBPDs with a 20 nm ultra-thin film were fabricated. The SBPDs exhibited low dark current (0.76 pA), high photo-dark current ratio (106), high responsivity (6.18 A/W), and ultra-fast decay time (45 ms) after annealing in nitrogen ambient at 900 degrees C. The Ga2O3 films annealed in nitrogen showed a more pronounced amorphous-to-polycrystalline transition and lower recrystallization and oxygen vacancy concentration after oxygen annealing. This work provides a desirable strategy for developing high-performance SBPDs.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ales Omerzu, Robert Peter, Daria Jardas, Iztok Turel, Kresimir Salamon, Matejka Podlogar, Damjan Vengust, Ivana Jelovica Badovinac, Ivna Kavre Piltaver, Mladen Petravic
Summary: The study demonstrated a significant enhancement in the photocatalytic activity of thin ZnO films grown by PE-ALD method compared to those grown by the thermal ALD method. Various structural and optical experimental techniques were employed to analyze the physical origin of this difference.
SURFACES AND INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Irina V. Antonova, Vladimir A. Seleznev, Nadezhda A. Nebogatikova, Artem I. Ivanov, Bogdan V. Voloshin, Vladimir A. Volodin, Irina I. Kurkina
Summary: In this study, V2O5 films synthesized by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition were analyzed for memristive applications. The films with an average thickness of 1.0-3.6 nm exhibited stable and promising memristive switching behavior.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Alexander Bauer, Md Yusuf Ali, Hans Orthner, Sven Uhlenbruck, Hartmut Wiggers, Dina Fattakhova-Rohlfing, Olivier Guillon
Summary: Through spray flame synthesis, La2Zr2O7 nanoparticles were prepared and added to Li7La3Zr2O12 powder, resulting in a significant improvement in ionic conductivity at lower temperatures, leading to a more than twofold increase in conductivity while operating at a reduced sintering temperature.
JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Walter Sebastian Scheld, Sandra Lobe, Sven Uhlenbruck, Christian Dellen, Yoo Jung Sohn, Linda Charlotte Hoff, Frank Vondahlen, Olivier Guillon, Dina Fattakhova-Rohlfing
Summary: A rapid photonic sintering process was used to obtain compact films of cathode active material of lithium batteries. The films showed homogeneous densification and structural consistency, and exhibited good electrochemical activity.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Christoph Roitzheim, Yoo Jung Sohn, Liang-Yin Kuo, Grit Haeuschen, Markus Mann, Doris Sebold, Martin Finsterbusch, Payam Kaghazchi, Olivier Guillon, Dina Fattakhova-Rohlfing
Summary: This study investigates the cosintering behavior of LLZO:Ta with NCM111 and Ni-rich NCM811 and finds that Ni-rich NCM811 is the most promising cathode active material for the combination with garnet-type LLZO:Ta. B doping is employed to evaluate its impact on cation interchange and secondary phase formation. Fully inorganic, ceramic all-solid-state lithium batteries are prepared with high specific areal discharge capacity.
ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Walter Sebastian Scheld, Sandra Lobe, Christian Dellen, Martin Ihrig, Grit Hauschen, Linda Charlotte Hoff, Martin Finsterbusch, Sven Uhlenbruck, Olivier Guillon, Dina Fattakhova-Rohlfing
Summary: Rapid thermal annealing techniques are promising for processing ceramic materials, especially those containing elements with high vapor pressure. In this study, the sintering method RTP was used to fabricate composite ceramic cathodes of LLZO and LCO, effectively mitigating secondary phase formation between the two materials.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Martin Ihrig, Enkhtsetseg Dashjav, Alexander M. Laptev, Ruijie Ye, Daniel Gruner, Mirko Ziegner, Philipp Odenwald, Martin Finsterbusch, Frank Tietz, Dina Fattakhova-Rohlfing, Olivier Guillon
Summary: The study aims to enhance the utilization of cathode active material by infiltrating a Li-ion-conducting polymer into a ceramic cathode in polymer-ceramic composites. However, the formation of Li dendrites penetrating the separator remains a challenge for future work.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Qianli Ma, Till Ortmann, Aikai Yang, Doris Sebold, Simon Burkhardt, Marcus Rohnke, Frank Tietz, Dina Fattakhova-Rohlfing, Juergen Janek, Olivier Guillon
Summary: Solid-state sodium batteries (SSNBs) have gained significant attention for their high safety, abundant material resources, and low cost. One of the main challenges in the development of SSNBs is the suppression of sodium dendrites. This study explores the use of solid electrolyte Na3.4Zr2Si2.4P0.6O12 (NZSP) to inhibit dendrite formation, and the results show that surface-dendrite formation can be prevented by coating the surface with a sodium-salt coating. These findings have important implications for the further development of solid-state sodium batteries.
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Martin Ihrig, Liang-Yin Kuo, Sandra Lobe, Alexander M. Laptev, Che-an Lin, Chia-hao Tu, Ruijie Ye, Payam Kaghazchi, Luca Cressa, Santhana Eswara, Shih-kang Lin, Olivier Guillon, Dina Fattakhova-Rohlfing, Martin Finsterbusch
Summary: All-solid-state lithium batteries are promising for energy storage, but suffer from performance degradation during cycling. This study shows that thermal recovery can recrystallize the amorphized interface, restoring the cell performance. Detailed analysis and thermodynamic modeling provide a comprehensive understanding of the structural and chemical changes. Through thermal recovery, more than 80% of the initial storage capacity can be recovered, offering potential for cost-efficient recycling of ceramic all-solid-state batteries.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Andrea Schreiber, Melanie Rosen, Katja Waetzig, Kristian Nikolowski, Nikolas Schiffmann, Hartmut Wiggers, Michael Kuepers, Dina Fattakhova-Rohlfing, Wilhelm Kuckshinrichs, Olivier Guillon, Martin Finsterbusch
Summary: All-solid-state batteries are a promising research topic for their high energy density and safety. However, implementing oxide ceramic electrolytes in industrial cells remains challenging. To address this, researchers proposed a target cell design combining two promising oxidic electrolytes, LLZO and LATP, and assessed their environmental impact. In-depth life cycle assessment revealed surprising similarities between oxide-based all-solid-state batteries and conventional Li-ion batteries.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yaoyu Ren, Timo Danner, Alexandra Moy, Martin Finsterbusch, Tanner Hamann, Jan Dippell, Till Fuchs, Marius Mueller, Ricky Hoft, Andre Weber, Larry A. Curtiss, Peter Zapol, Matthew Klenk, Anh T. Ngo, Pallab Barai, Brandon C. Wood, Rongpei Shi, Liwen F. Wan, Tae Wook Heo, Martin Engels, Jagjit Nanda, Felix H. Richter, Arnulf Latz, Venkat Srinivasan, Juergen Janek, Jeff Sakamoto, Eric D. Wachsman, Dina Fattakhova-Rohlfing
Summary: The garnet-type phase Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) is a promising oxide solid electrolyte for solid-state batteries (SSBs). This perspective article focuses on the challenges of integrating LLZO into composite cathodes and discusses the critical issues needed to achieve all-solid-state LLZO-based batteries with enhanced safety and performance. The insights gained from a comprehensive literature survey of LLZO-cathode interfaces are used to guide the development of LLZO-based SSBs.
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Till Ortmann, Simon Burkhardt, Janis Kevin Eckhardt, Till Fuchs, Ziming Ding, Joachim Sann, Marcus Rohnke, Qianli Ma, Frank Tietz, Dina Fattakhova-Rohlfing, Christian Kuebel, Olivier Guillon, Christian Heiliger, Juergen Janek
Summary: In recent years, reversible alkali metal anodes using solid electrolytes have been explored to increase the energy density of next-generation batteries. Na3.4Zr2Si2.4P0.6O12 has demonstrated potential as a solid electrolyte for solid-state sodium batteries due to its high ionic conductivity and stability with sodium metal. Analysis techniques such as impedance analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy have revealed the formation of a stable interphase at the Na|Na3.4Zr2Si2.4P0.6O12 interface. The study provides valuable insights into the evaluation of sodium metal anode performance in solid-state batteries.
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Hannah Illner, Sung Sakong, Ann-Kathrin Henss, Axel Gross, Joost Wintterlin
Summary: This study analyzed how the door-opening mechanism, which explains the diffusion of adsorbed O atoms on a CO-covered Ru(0001) surface, changes at a higher CO coverage. It was found that the higher CO coverage resulted in a more disordered configuration of CO molecules, leading to lower energy costs for CO displacements and decreased activation energies for O atom jumps. As a result, the atomic processes were faster, but the general features of the door-opening mechanism remained valid.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Walter Sebastian Scheld, Linda Charlotte Hoff, Christian Vedder, Jochen Stollenwerk, Daniel Gruener, Melanie Rosen, Sandra Lobe, Martin Ihrig, Ah -Ram Seok, Martin Finsterbusch, Sven Uhlenbruck, Olivier Guillon, Dina Fattakhova-Rohlfing
Summary: In this study, a laser irradiation method was used to sinter screen-printed cathode layers directly on a stainless steel current collector. The laser sintering method showed promising results with reduced side reactions and material degradation compared to conventional sintering and rapid thermal processing. The laser-sintered cathodes exhibited a specific discharge capacity of 102 mAh g-1 at 4.0 V in the first electrochemical cycle.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Fadi Al-Jaljouli, Robert Muecke, Payam Kaghazchi, Yoo Jung Sohn, Martin Finsterbusch, Dina Fattakhova-Rohlfing, Olivier Guillon
Summary: All-solid-state lithium ion batteries have high safety and energy density, but may suffer from mechanical fatigue caused by volume changes of the electrode materials. Through computer aided material design and reconstruction of microstructures, we studied the impact of microstructural parameters on mechanical stress distribution and conductivities. We found that mechanical stresses depend on the solid volume fraction, while conductivities depend on the volume fraction of specific materials. This allows for accurate prediction and determination of optimal cathode microstructure for maximum cell performance.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Christian Schwab, Grit Haeuschen, Markus Mann, Christoph Roitzheim, Olivier Guillon, Dina Fattakhova-Rohlfing, Martin Finsterbusch
Summary: In this study, we investigate the impact of lithium excess and dwell time on Ga-substituted LLZO. We find that excessive lithium is unnecessary and can hinder peak performance or increase energy consumption. The underlying mechanism is an intricate interplay between phase equilibria of different phases, which have both positive and negative effects on conductivity and electrochemical performance. Based on this understanding, we develop a reproducible and robust processing route for LLZO:Ga, minimizing lithium excess and dwell time while maintaining high conductivity in the final component.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Alexandra C. Moy, Grit Haeuschen, Dina Fattakhova-Rohlfing, Jeffrey B. Wolfenstine, Martin Finsterbusch, Jeff Sakamoto
Summary: Cubic lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide (Li7-xAlxLa3Zr2O12, LLZO) garnet has been studied for its potential as a next-generation electrolyte for lithium batteries. This study investigates the effect of aluminum concentration on the microstructure and electrochemical properties of LLZO. It was found that beyond a certain aluminum solubility limit, resistive secondary phases formed at the grain boundaries, leading to increased grain boundary resistance and decreased bulk conductivity. The results suggest that aluminum concentration significantly affects the conductivity of LLZO.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A
(2022)