Article
Oncology
Ji Hyun Lee, Su-Jin Shin, Eun-Ah Choe, Jungyoun Kim, Woo Jin Hyung, Hyo Song Kim, Minkyu Jung, Seung-Hoon Beom, Tae Il Kim, Joong Bae Ahn, Hyun Cheol Chung, Sang Joon Shin
Summary: This study analyzed the incidence of NTRK fusion in KIT/PDGFRA wild-type GISTs and found that 16% of cases in the Yonsei Cancer Center had NTRK fusion. The confirmation of NTRK fusion in KIT/PDGFRA wild-type GISTs provides important information for improving therapeutic outcomes and suggests further research to improve methods for identifying this disease subtype.
Article
Cell Biology
Fatih M. Uckun, Taracad Venkatachalam
Summary: Repurposing FDA-approved BTK inhibitors as therapeutic agents for solid tumors could provide renewed hope for chemotherapy-resistant cancer patients. Emerging evidence suggests that BTK inhibitors have clinical potential in solid tumor therapy and may lead to the development of new and effective combination regimens for metastatic and/or therapy-refractory solid tumor patients through lead optimization and translational research.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mohammed Ageeli Hakami, Bader S. Alotaibi, Ali Hazazi, Alaa Shafie, Ahad Amer Alsaiari, Amal Adnan Ashour, Farah Anjum
Summary: Tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) is crucial in the development and maturation of the nervous system. This study identified Wedelolactone and DMCA as potential TrkB inhibitors through virtual screening. These compounds show promising binding affinity and specificity for the TrkB ATP-binding pocket.
JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE & DYNAMICS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Cathrine Lund Lorentzen, Evelina Martinenaite, Julie Westerlin Kjeldsen, Rikke Boedker Holmstroem, Sofie Kirial Mork, Ayako Wakatsuki Pedersen, Eva Ehrnrooth, Mads Hald Andersen, Inge Marie Svane
Summary: The clinical trial of arginase-1 peptide vaccine in patients with treatment-refractory solid tumors demonstrated the safety and efficacy of the vaccine in inducing peptide-specific immune responses. Additionally, some patients achieved stable disease during treatment, showcasing the potential of arginase-1 vaccination as a therapeutic approach.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Xiaoxue Song, Liyuan Wang, Tianci Wang, Juncheng Hu, Jingchao Wang, Rongfu Tu, Hexiu Su, Jue Jiang, Guoliang Qing, Hudan Liu
Summary: Deregulation of MYC is common in various human cancers, leading to poor prognosis and resistance to therapy. Indirectly inhibiting MYC through targeting CHK1 and mTOR has shown promise as a novel and powerful treatment modality for MYC-driven tumors. Simultaneously targeting CHK1 and mTOR can impede cancer progression in vivo.
Article
Oncology
Riet Hilhorst, Adrienne van den Berg, Piet Boender, Tom van Wezel, Tim Kievits, Rik de Wijn, Rob Ruijtenbeek, Willem E. Corver, Hans Morreau
Summary: STK activity profiling can accurately differentiate benign and malignant thyroid tumors and generate unbiased hypotheses regarding differentially active kinases. This approach can serve as a model for selecting novel kinase inhibitors for the treatment of recurrent thyroid and other cancers.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Thomas Klopstock, Aleksandar Videnovic, Almut Turid Bischoff, Cecilia Bonnet, Laura Cif, Cynthia Comella, Marta Correa-Vela, Maria L. Escolar, Jamie L. Fraser, Victoria Gonzalez, Neal Hermanowicz, Robert Jech, Hyder A. Jinnah, Tomasz Kmiec, Anthony Lang, Maria J. Marti, Saadet Mercimek-Andrews, Migvis Monduy, Graeme A. M. Nimmo, Belen Perez-Duenas, Helle Cecilie Viekilde Pfeiffer, Lluis Planellas, Emmanuel Roze, Nivedita Thakur, Laura Tochen, Nora Vanegas-Arroyave, Giovanna Zorzi, Colleen Burns, Feriandas Greblikas
Summary: The study investigated the effect of fosmetpantotenate replacement therapy on PKAN symptoms and disease progression, showing that while treatment with fosmetpantotenate was safe, it did not improve function in patients with PKAN.
MOVEMENT DISORDERS
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Maria del Mar Castro, Alexandra Cossio, Adriana Navas, Olga Fernandez, Liliana Valderrama, Lyda Cuervo-Pardo, Ricardo Marquez-Onate, Maria Adelaida Gomez, Nancy Gore Saravia
Summary: The addition of pentoxifylline to standard treatment did not show clinical benefits in patients with early mild to moderate cutaneous leishmaniasis. However, therapeutic failure was associated with overexpression of certain inflammatory genes.
Review
Cell Biology
Giorgia Iegiani, Ferdinando Di Cunto, Gianmarco Pallavicini
Summary: Medulloblastoma and gliomas are the most common high-grade brain tumors in children and adults. Current treatments, including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, have limited effectiveness. Mutated genes in proliferating cells play a crucial role in brain development and are associated with HGBT expansion and microtubule stability.
CELL DEATH & DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Biology
Kotryna Simonyte Sjodin, Andreas Sjodin, Marek Ruszczynski, Mette Bach Kristensen, Olle Hernell, Hania Szajewska, Christina E. E. West
Summary: Adding synbiotics to formula milk can prevent infections in infants. This study found that synbiotic feeding led to the development of a healthier gut microbiota, with lower levels of Klebsiella and higher levels of Bifidobacterium. It also increased the production of metabolites associated with immune signaling.
Review
Oncology
Justin K. Messex, Geou-Yarh Liou
Summary: BTK is a crucial signaling molecule for B cell maturation and other immune cells within the tumor microenvironment. Although BTK inhibitors have been approved for certain B cell lymphomas, their potential as adjuvant therapy for solid tumors is limited by the lack of research on their role within the tumor microenvironment.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Catherine J. Mummery, Anne Borjesson-Hanson, Daniel J. Blackburn, Everard G. B. Vijverberg, Peter Paul De Deyn, Simon Ducharme, Michael Jonsson, Anja Schneider, Juha O. Rinne, Albert C. Ludolph, Ralf Bodenschatz, Holly Kordasiewicz, Eric E. Swayze, Bethany Fitzsimmons, Laurence Mignon, Katrina M. Moore, Chris Yun, Tiffany Baumann, Dan Li, Daniel A. Norris, Rebecca Crean, Danielle L. Graham, Ellen Huang, Elena Ratti, C. Frank Bennett, Candice Junge, Roger M. Lane
Summary: By inhibiting MAPT expression with a tau-targeting antisense oligonucleotide (MAPTRx), researchers were able to reduce tau levels in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease. A randomized, double-blind trial found that the CSF total-tau protein concentration decreased by more than 50% in patients treated with MAPTRx, with mild adverse effects reported.
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Kate Lyden, Robert Boucher, Guo Wei, Na Zhou, Jesse Christensen, Glenn M. Chertow, Tom Greene, Srinivasan Beddhu
Summary: The study tested the feasibility of reducing sedentary behavior in patients with chronic kidney disease, showing that intervention can reduce sedentary time and increase walking time effectively in the short term, but the effects diminished over time.
CLINICAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Siqing Fu, Shuyang Yao, Yuan Yuan, Rebecca A. Previs, Anthony D. Elias, Richard D. Carvajal, Thomas J. George, Ying Yuan, Lihou Yu, Shannon N. Westin, Yan Xing, Ecaterina E. Dumbrava, Daniel D. Karp, Sarina A. Piha-Paul, Apostolia M. Tsimberidou, Jordi Rodon Ahnert, Naoko Takebe, Karen Lu, Khandan Keyomarsi, Funda Meric-Bernstam
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the antitumor activity of adavosertib in patients with CCNE1-amplified, advanced refractory solid tumors. The results showed that adavosertib demonstrated a manageable toxicity profile and promising clinical activity in patients with CCNE1-amplified refractory solid tumors.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Rodney H. Breau, Dean A. Fergusson, Greg Knoll, Kristen McAlpine, Christopher Morash, Sonya Cnossen, Luke T. Lavallee, Ranjeeta Mallick, Antonio Finelli, Michael A. S. Jewett, Bradley C. Leibovich, Jonathan A. Cook, Anil Kapoor, Frederic Pouliot, Jonathan Izawa, Ricardo Rendon, Ilias Cagiannos
Summary: The study found that inducing renal hypothermia during partial nephrectomy did not effectively preserve kidney function in patients with normal or mildly impaired renal function, and had no significant impact on surgical outcomes or patient-reported quality of life.
JOURNAL OF UROLOGY
(2021)
Letter
Dermatology
William Fostier, Georgie Holt, James Sampson, Neil Rajan
Summary: Cutaneous leiomyosarcoma (cLMS) is a rare soft tissue sarcoma with unclear genetic drivers. The presence of cLMS in Birt-Hogg-Dube (BHD) syndrome suggests that FLCN loss may be involved in cLMS pathogenesis. This report provides novel genetic evidence of FLCN loss in BHD cLMS, indicating that cLMS is a sporadic but recurring element of the BHD phenotype.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Sarah Halford, Gareth J. Veal, Stephen R. Wedge, Geoffrey S. Payne, Chris M. Bacon, Philip Sloan, Ilaria Dragoni, Kathrin Heinzmann, Sarah Potter, Becky M. Salisbury, Maxime Chenard-Poirier, Alastair Greystoke, Elizabeth C. Howell, William A. Innes, Karen Morris, Chris Plummer, Mihaela Rata, George Petrides, Hector C. Keun, Udai Banerji, Ruth Plummer
Summary: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of inhibiting lactate transport via monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) on tumor cells. The results from the dose-escalation part of the study showed that AZD3965, a first-in-class MCT1 inhibitor, is well tolerated at doses that produce target engagement.
CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ramzi A. Ajjan, Simon R. Heller, Colin C. Everett, Armando Vargas-Palacios, Ruchi Higham, Linda Sharples, Diana A. Gorog, Alice Rogers, Catherine Reynolds, Catherine Fernandez, Pedro Rodrigues, Thozhukat Sathyapalan, Robert F. Storey, Deborah D. Stocken
Summary: This study analyzed the impact of modern glucose-monitoring strategies on glycemic and patient-related outcomes in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and recent myocardial infarction (MI). The results showed that compared with self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG), intermittently scanned continuous glucose monitoring (isCGM) marginally increased time in range and significantly reduced hypoglycemic exposure in T2D individuals with MI, while equally improving HbA(1c). These findings explain the cost effectiveness of isCGM.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Alexandra Harriet Coxon-Meggy, Irene Vogel, Judith White, Julie Croft, Neil Corrigan, Alun Meggy, Deborah D. Stocken, Deborah Keller, Roel Hompes, Charles H. Knowles, Aaron Quyn, Julie Cornish
Summary: Rectal cancer patients who have undergone anterior resection may suffer from debilitating changes to bowel function known as low anterior resection syndrome (LARS), and there are currently no clear guidelines on its management. This study aims to assess the feasibility of the POLARiS trial through a feasibility trial, with the results informing the design of an expanded, international trial.
Article
Dermatology
Jilse Joshy, Birgitta van Bodegraven, Khaylen Mistry, Paul Craig, Neil Rajan, Sally Vernon, Nick J. Levell, Zoe C. Venables
Summary: This study presents the first national epidemiology report of Porocarcinoma (PC) in England. The incidence rate of PC from 2013-2018 was 0.31, 0.19, and 0.25 per 100,000 person-years for males, females, and the whole population, respectively. The most affected sites were the lower limbs (35.4%) and the face (16%). The majority of patients received surgical excision as treatment. The five-year survival rate was 45.4%, which was lower than previous studies. There was a large variation in PC incidence rates across different regions in England.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Janet A. Wilson, James O'Hara, Tony Fouweather, Tara Homer, Deborah D. Stocken, Luke Vale, Catherine Haighton, Nikki Rousseau, Rebecca Wilson, Lorraine Mcsweeney, Scott Wilkes, Jill Morrison, Kenneth Mackenzie, Kim Ah-See, Sean Carrie, Claire Hopkins, Nicola Howe, Musheer Hussain, Hisham Mehanna, Christopher Raine, Frank Sullivan, Alexander von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, M. Dawn Teare
Summary: This study compares the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of conservative management and tonsillectomy in adults with recurrent acute tonsillitis. The results show that immediate tonsillectomy is more effective in reducing sore throat days and has better cost-effectiveness compared to conservative management.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Marion Campbell, David Beard, Jane Blazeby, Sian Cousins
Summary: The ASPIRE guidance, published in the Lancet in 2020, provided advice for the design and conduct of surgical trials with an invasive placebo control. Based on a more recent international expert workshop in June 2022, we now provide further insights into this topic, including the purpose and design of invasive placebo controls, patient information provision, and how findings from these trials may be used to inform decision-making.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Chris P. Gale, Deborah Stocken, Suleman Aktaa, Catherine Reynolds, Rachael Gilberts, David Brieger, Kathryn Carruthers, Derek P. Chew, Shaun G. Goodman, Catherine Fernandez, Linda Sharples, Andrew Yan, Keith Fox
Summary: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of risk stratification using the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) risk score (GRS) for patients with suspected non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome. The results showed that the use of GRS did not improve adherence to guideline recommended management or reduce cardiovascular events at 12 months.
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Colin C. Everett, Colin Berry, Gerry P. McCann, Catherine Fernandez, Catherine Reynolds, Chiara Bucciarelli-Ducci, Erica Dall'Armellina, Abhiram Prasad, James R. Foley, Kenneth Mangion, Petra Bijsterveld, Julia Brown, Deborah Stocken, Simon Walker, Mark Sculpher, Sven Plein, John P. Greenwood
Summary: Different strategies for managing suspected stable angina did not significantly reduce 3-year cardiovascular event rates or improve quality of life for patients.
Editorial Material
Dermatology
Ignacio Garcia-Doval, Neil Rajan, Hamish Hunter, John Frew, Luigi Naldi, Jemima E. Mellerio, Rod Hay
BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Simon Thomson, Gemma Ainsworth, Senthil Selvanathan, Sarah Brown, Julie Croft, Rachel Kelly, Ruben Mujica-Mota, Nikki Rousseau, Ruchi Higham, Deborah Stocken
Summary: This study compared the clinical outcomes of Anterior Cervical Discectomy (ACD) and Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy (PCF) after 52 weeks. The trial was closed early and no definitive conclusions could be made.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Shelby Barnett, Aye Chan Nyein, Martin Galler, David Jamieson, Michelle Davies, Philip Connor, Gareth J. Veal
Summary: This article describes the case of a 4-year-old girl with conjugated hyperbilirubinemia and persistently elevated bilirubin levels on initiation of chemotherapy. During treatment, she was diagnosed with Dubin-Johnson syndrome and received vincristine therapy. The study found that the patient had an MRP2 gene mutation, which resulted in abnormal pharmacokinetics of vincristine, suggesting the need for dose reduction.
CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY AND PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Dermatology
William Fostier, Akhtar Husain, Neil Rajan
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Jose L. Marin-Rubio, Ishier Raote, Joseph Inns, Carol Dobson-Stone, Neil Rajan
DISEASE MODELS & MECHANISMS
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Simon Thomson, Gemma Ainsworth, Senthil Selvanathan, Rachel Kelly, Howard Collier, Ruben Mujica-Mota, Rebecca Talbot, Sarah Tess Brown, Julie Croft, Nikki Rousseau, Ruchi Higham, Yahia Al-Tamimi, Neil Buxton, Nicholas Carleton-Bland, Martin Gledhill, Victoria Halstead, Peter Hutchinson, James Meacock, Nitin Mukerji, Debasish Pal, Armando Vargas-Palacios, Anantharaju Prasad, Martin Wilby, Deborah Stocken
Summary: This study compared the effects of posterior cervical foraminotomy and anterior cervical discectomy on improving clinical outcomes and found that the former is associated with better outcomes, fewer complications, and lower costs. However, due to slow recruitment, the trial closed early and the sample size was insufficient to draw definitive conclusions. A large prospective multicenter trial is still needed to compare these two surgical approaches.
HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT
(2023)