Article
Environmental Sciences
Waseem Ishaque, Mudassir Mukhtar, Rida Tanvir
Summary: Pakistan is facing a critical water shortage despite having abundant water resources, due to factors such as a lack of storage facilities, poor water governance, and the adverse impacts of climate change. The increasing population and high water demand pose a threat to the availability and sustainability of water resources. Inadequate water reservoirs, wastage, and contamination further worsen the situation, making it a serious national security challenge. Smart technology integration and efficient water governance are recommended to address the multidimensional water issues and ensure water security for sustainable development.
FRONTIERS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Shier Huang, Jiaxun Guo, Yu Xie, Rui Bian, Nan Wang, Weixiao Qi, Huijuan Liu
Summary: Small-scale water sources in rural areas, which are less frequently monitored for water quality, pose drinking health risks due to poor post-treatment facilities. A study in North and East China analyzed 189 water samples and found exceeding threshold rates for fluoride (F-) and nitrate (NO3-) in both surface water and groundwater. The contaminants were mainly derived from mineral leaching and human activities such as the use of fertilizers and discharge of manure and sewage. F- was identified as the highest contributor to health risks in drinking water. Authorities should prioritize water source optimization and protection measures.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jin Gao, Guangyi Deng, Haibo Jiang, Yang Wen, Shiying Zhu, Chunguang He, Chunyu Shi, Yingyue Cao
Summary: This study comprehensively evaluated the water quality of a typical lake wetland in Northeast China using a geographic information system (GIS) method. Nonpoint source pollution was found to be the most important factor affecting the water quality. The research provides a scientific approach for water quality assessment and management of lake wetlands and supports migratory bird migration, habitat protection, and grain production security.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Shuai Chen, Simeng Wang, Yanxi Yu, Mingjun Dong, Yanqiang Li
Summary: This study analyzed the water quality of Honghu Lake using various methods and identified the impact of different pollution sources on water quality, predicting future trends. The results showed that reducing certain pollution sources could improve water quality, but control of rainfall non-point source pollution is still necessary.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Water Resources
Hanifeh Rigi, Jeroen F. Warner
Summary: The South Asia region, known for its instability and history of wars, has witnessed intensified water disputes among countries like Pakistan and India. This study examines how Pakistan represents transboundary water issues, particularly the Indus River, as a matter of national security through strategic use of language constructs.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xinyue Shi, Jingzhu Zhang, Xuehua Zhou, Zhaoyu Cao, Yuanyuan Luo, Wenxing Wang
Summary: During the winter of 2014, the composition of PM2.5 in Jinan, China was analyzed. The primary components of PM2.5 were found to be SO42-, NO3-, NH4+, and organic carbonaceous aerosol. Secondary aerosol generation was identified as a significant contributor to haze production.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Memet Varol, Gokhan Karakaya, Kenan Alpaslan
Summary: This study assessed the water quality of the Karasu River, a main tributary of the Euphrates River in Turkey, using various methods. The results showed that most stations had excellent water quality, divided into three regions spatially. Nutrient Pollution Index indicated the river was not polluted, while Water Quality Index and Organic Pollution Index suggested the water quality was between good and excellent. Factor analysis identified four potential pollution sources, including anthropogenic, natural, seasonal, and phytoplankton.
Article
Agronomy
Rike Becker, Christoph Schueth, Ralf Merz, Tasneem Khaliq, Muhammad Usman, Tim Aus Der Beek, Rohini Kumar, Stephan Schulz
Summary: Climate change and variability pose a threat to sustainable food production, particularly in semi-arid regions with limited water resources and widespread irrigation. Higher temperatures and heat stress, rather than increased irrigation, are found to be the main factors affecting future crop yields and water needs. These findings have implications for adapting to climate change in intensely irrigated regions.
AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xu Zhao, Xiawei Liao, Chao Zhang, Xinxin Zhang, Ganquan Mao, Shuo Zhang, Martin R. Tillotson
Summary: The study highlights the interplay between electricity demand and water resources in megacities, leading to water scarcity footprint for electricity consumption and vulnerability of electricity production. Trends in water scarcity footprint and water related vulnerability of electricity production in China's four provincial-level megacities show diverse patterns, emphasizing the need for joint reductions to mitigate water-electricity conflict.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Water Resources
Hassaan Furqan Khan, Syed Ali Arshad
Summary: This study focuses on the water security issues in the low-income and multiethnic settlement of Lyari, Karachi, Pakistan. It demonstrates that socioeconomic and political inequalities play a significant role in determining a community's level of water security. The intermittent piped water supply in Lyari leads to inequitable water access, with lower-income populations being disproportionately affected. To address this issue, it is important to not only increase water supply but also establish institutional structures and policies to ensure equitable distribution of water resources.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY-REGIONAL STUDIES
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xiping Kan, Shengya Feng, Xuebing Mei, Qian Sui, Wentao Zhao, Shuguang Lyu, Shuying Sun, Ziwei Zhang, Gang Yu
Summary: A novel method based on the ChaMa model was developed to quantitatively identify the main sources of PhACs in surface waters, validated and applied in the Huangpu River in Shanghai. Livestock wastewater was found to be the dominant emission source in the upper reach, while untreated municipal wastewater was dominant in the middle and lower reaches, highlighting the effectiveness of the method in source apportionment.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Di Wang, Guilin Han, Bogen Li, Mingming Hu, Yuchun Wang, Jinke Liu, Jie Zeng, Xiaoqiang Li
Summary: This study investigates the water chemistry and weathering processes in the Xiaojiang River, a major tributary of the Three Gorges Reservoir. The results show that the river water is dominated by Ca2+-HCO3-. Surface water has the lowest total dissolved solid compared to other layers. Principal component analysis divides the major ions into two components, with one representing weathering end-members and the other representing mixed atmospheric and anthropogenic inputs. Carbonate weathering dominates the cationic composition, while atmospheric input and silicate weathering contribute similarly. Compared to other tributaries, the Xiaojiang River experiences more intense chemical weathering processes. The weathering rates of carbonates and silicates are also quantified. These findings contribute to our understanding of watershed weathering and the global carbon cycle.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Muhammad Shafqat Mehboob, Yeonjoo Kim
Summary: Pakistan relies heavily on water resources from the mountainous regions of the Upper Indus Basin, particularly for irrigation. The study found that external factors such as climate change and socioeconomic growth will lead to discrepancies in water supply and demand, especially in regions with rapid agricultural development. Among the five catchments studied, Astore and Gilgit will face water shortages in all future scenarios.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Qing Yu, Jing Chen, Weihua Qin, Mushtaq Ahmad, Yuepeng Zhang, Yuewei Sun, Ke Xin, Jing Ai
Summary: Oxidative stress is the main mechanism by which ambient aerosols have adverse health effects. However, the factors affecting the oxidative potential of water-soluble aerosols (OPWS) are not well understood. This study found that water-soluble organic compounds (WSOC) have a greater impact on OPWS than transition metals. Laboratory simulations showed that reducing WSOC can decrease OPWS, while reducing Cu2+ increases OPWS. Highly oxidized humic-like or quinone-like substances were found to be most correlated with OPWS. Reducing anthropogenic WSOC is key to controlling OPWS of PM2.5 in Beijing.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Linqing Wang, Zhenxing Shen, Kun He, Tian Zhang, Qian Zhang, Hongmei Xu, Steven Sai Hang Ho, Xin Wang
Summary: The long-term study on rainfall in urban Xi'an, China, revealed the seasonal and annual variations of major inorganic components, with ammonium, calcium, nitrate, and sulfate being the main contributors. Source apportionment analysis identified secondary inorganic formation, crustal dust, coal combustion, and biomass burning as major sources of rainfall components. Additionally, the study demonstrated decreasing trends in contributions from coal combustion and biomass burning, as well as the increasing impact of construction activities on crustal dust in urban Xi'an.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Arif A. Anwar, Tonny T. de Vries, Muhammad Tousif Bhatti
JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING
(2016)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Zia Ul Haq, Arif A. Anwar
JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING
(2017)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Arif A. Anwar, Tonny T. de Vries
JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING
(2017)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Tonny T. de Vries, Arif A. Anwar, Muhammad Tousif Bhatti
JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING
(2017)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Zia Ul Haq, Arif A. Anwar
JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING
(2017)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Arif A. Anwar, Tonny T. de Vries
JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING
(2017)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Tonny T. de Vries, Arif A. Anwar, Muhammad Tousif Bhatti
JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING
(2017)
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Arif A. Anwar, David J. Richards
JOURNAL OF PROFESSIONAL ISSUES IN ENGINEERING EDUCATION AND PRACTICE
(2018)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Arif A. Anwar, Muhammad Tousif Bhatti
JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT
(2018)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Arif A. Anwar, Muhammad Tousif Bhatti
Summary: The extensive irrigation systems in South Asia consist of a hierarchy of canals delivering water to tertiary units, with a network of field channels managed by farmers/farmer associations. This paper develops a mathematical model/algorithm to optimize construction costs by routing field channels along existing field boundaries. The model was applied to the Gomal Zam Irrigation System in Pakistan, resulting in a 20% reduction in total length compared to expert judgment.
JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Lewis W. Farrar, AbuBakr S. Bahaj, Patrick James, Arif Anwar, Nafn Amdar
Summary: Water resources, energy, and food security are interdependent and pose significant global challenges. The use of floating solar photovoltaic technology on irrigation reservoirs can conserve water, provide sustainable electricity, and reduce CO2 emissions. A fixed tilt 300 kWp floating PV system was found to be the optimal design in an arid region, leading to water savings, increased energy yield, and economic benefits.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Andrew Reid Bell, Muhammad Azeem Ali Shah, Arif Anwar, Thida Sam
Summary: The most significant investment in water governance in Pakistan in recent decades, the irrigation management transfer, was repealed in 2019. Before moving on to the next major experiment, it is necessary to explore the potential for improvement in water governance. A conceptual model is developed to understand the roles of hydrology, infrastructure, management, governance, and learning in shaping water supply. The analysis suggests that the previous consideration of scale in water governance is inappropriate, and instead recommends identifying key problem areas to improve local water governance.
WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Water Resources
Arif A. Anwar, Waqas Ahmad
SUSTAINABLE WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
(2020)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Muhammad Tousif Bhatti, Arif A. Anwar, Muhammad Aslam
COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE
(2017)