An integrated framework for identification of effective and synergistic anti-cancer drug combinations

Combination drug therapy is considered a better treatment option for various diseases, such as cancer, HIV, hypertension, and infections as compared to targeted drug therapies. Combination or synergism helps to overcome drug resistance, reduction in drug toxicity and dosage. Considering the complexity and heterogeneity among cancer types, drug combination provides promising treatment strategy. Increase in drug combination data raises a challenge for developing a computational approach that can effectively predict drugs synergism. There is a need to model the combination drug screening data to predict new synergistic drug combinations for successful cancer treatment. In such a scenario, machine learning approaches can be used to alleviate the process of drugs synergy prediction. Experimental data from a single-agent or multi-agent drug screens provides feature data for model training. On the contrary, identification of effective drug combination using clinical trials is a time consuming and resource intensive task. This paper attempts to address the aforementioned challenges by developing a computational approach to effectively predict drug synergy. Single-drug efficacy is used for predicting drug synergism. Our approach obviates the need to understand the underlying drug mechanism to predict drug combination synergy. For this purpose, nine machine learning algorithms are trained. It is observed that the Random forest models, in comparison to other models, have shown significant performance. The K-fold cross-validation is performed to evaluate the robustness of the best predictive model. The proposed approach is applied to mutant-BRAF melanoma and further validated using melanoma cell-lines from AstraZeneca-Sanger Drug Combination Prediction DREAM Challenge dataset.