Review
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Arun K. Das, Dipanwita Bhattacharya, Annada Das, Santanu Nath, Samiran Bandyopadhyay, Pramod Kumar Nanda, Mohammed Gagaoua
Summary: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) present in processed meat and meat products are known to be carcinogenic. They are generated through high-temperature processing techniques and can be influenced by contaminated raw materials and environmental pollution. Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is recognized as the most probable human carcinogen. Therefore, various strategies are necessary to prevent and control the formation of PAHs in processed meat products to ensure public health and safety.
CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN AGRICULTURE
(2023)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Thais de Moura Neves, Diogo Thimoteo da Cunha, Veridiana Vera de Rosso, Semiramis Martins Alvares Domene
Summary: This study conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of spices on the formation of heterocyclic amines (HAs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in meats during cooking, finding that using spices such as garlic, onion, pepper, and other spices with phenolic compounds can reduce the formation of harmful compounds when frying, grilling, or roasting meat.
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND FOOD SAFETY
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Xiaomei He, Baichenyang Li, Xiaoyan Yu, Yuan Zhuang, Changmo Li, Lu Dong, Yan Zhang, Shuo Wang
Summary: Adding appropriate levels of ginger or rosemary to fried meat products can effectively inhibit the formation of HCAs, PAHs, and TFAs, reducing potential risks to human health.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Emel Oz
Summary: The study found that different animal fats used in grilled meatballs did not have a significant effect on the total amount of HAAs, but did impact the levels of BaP and PAH4. Meatballs formulated with sheep tail fat were found to be nutritionally superior, but posed a higher health risk due to increased levels of food toxicants.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Junmin Ji, Yan Zhang, Dan Wang, Yan Wang, Jie Hou
Summary: This study analyzed the hazards and volatile components in sunflower seeds roasted at different temperatures and times. The results showed that the strength of seed-roasting promoted the formation of hazards and increased the contents of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, 3-monochloro-1,2-propanediol esters, and heterocyclic amines in sunflower oil. The volatile components mainly consisted of aldehydes and terpenes, which increased with roasting. However, high intensity roasting resulted in burnt, bitter, and viscosity issues, negatively affecting the sensory quality of the oil. The optimal roasting condition for sunflower seeds was 180-200 degrees C for 15-20 minutes.
LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Ainaatul Asmaa' Ishak, Selamat Jinap, Rashidah Sukor, Rabiha Sulaiman, Emilia Abdulmalek, Ahmad Kamal Nor Hasyimah
Summary: This study used a chemical model system combined with kinetics study to investigate the simultaneous formation of HCAs and PAHs. The results showed that the rate formation of HCAs and PAHs increased with increasing heating time and temperature. Additionally, two specific compounds showed degradation rate at higher temperatures. The concentration of phenylalanine also affected the formation of HCAs and PAHs.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yi-qun Cheng, Malte Leible, Jochen Weiss, Monika Gibis
Summary: The study investigated the effects of temperature-controlled smoldering smoking conditions on the accumulations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heterocyclic amines (HAs) in Frankfurter-type sausages. Smoking can be divided into an unstable pyrolysis stage and a stable pyrolysis stage, which have different impacts on hazardous substances contents. The unstable pyrolysis stage significantly contributes to high PAH residues, while the contents of HAs show a steady increase trend with smoking time.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Zun Wang, Ken Ng, Robyn Dorothy Warner, Regine Stockmann, Zhongxiang Fang
Summary: This article provides comprehensive insights into the mechanisms underlying the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and factors influencing their formation in processed foods. The strategies for reducing PAHs levels are discussed, including changes in ingredients, pretreatment conditions, processing methods and parameters, and packaging and storage conditions. Potential novel strategies for reducing PAHs are also identified and their feasibility is evaluated.
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND FOOD SAFETY
(2022)
Article
Agronomy
Cristian Ovidiu Coroian, Aurelia Coroian, Anca Becze, Adina Longodor, Oana Mastan, Razvan-Mihail Radu-Rusu
Summary: There is a growing interest in the sensory, nutritional, and sanogenic qualities of meat. This study evaluated the impact of hot smoking with natural wood smoke on the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in chicken, duck, and turkey meat. The results showed that duck meat had the highest concentrations of PAHs, regardless of smoking time or wood type. Beech wood led to the highest overall concentration of PAHs, followed by cherry and plum woods. Two-day smoking contributed to higher concentrations of PAHs in the meat.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Y. W. Lai, Y. T. Lee, H. Cao, H. L. Zhang, B. H. Chen
Summary: This study simultaneously extracted PAHs and HAs from pork jerky using QuEChERS and analyzed them using GC-MS/MS and UPLC-MS/MS. The study found that acetonitrile containing 1% acetic acid had the highest extraction efficiency, and processing temperature and flavoring materials had effects on the formation of PAHs and HAs.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yu-Hui Wang, Li-Tao Wang, Zhi-Zhen Yao, Jun-Jian Yin, Zi-Bin Huang, Pei-Qing Yuan, Wei-Kang Yuan
Summary: This study investigated the formation of aromatic carbon radicals during heavy oil thermal processing, finding that increasing reaction temperature or radical concentration promotes the reaction. The main contribution to aromatic carbon radicals comes from (CH3)• in PAHs, and the activation entropy of H-abstraction affects the difference in reaction rate constants. The uniqueness of H-abstraction in hetero-PAHs leads to distinct reaction behaviors.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Yu-Wen Lai, Yu-Tsung Lee, Baskaran Stephen Inbaraj, Bing-Huei Chen
Summary: This study investigated the effects of different flavorings and marinating time on the formation and inhibition of heterocyclic amines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ground pork. Results showed that both types of compounds increased with marinating time, with heterocyclic amines being more susceptible to formation. The addition of cinnamon powder or green tea powder effectively inhibited the formation of heterocyclic amines, but only inhibited the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in marinated pork.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tracie Cheng, Stephanie Chaousis, Sujani Madhurika Kodagoda Gamage, Alfred King-yin Lam, Vinod Gopalan
Summary: PAHs are commonly found in ready-to-eat meat samples and can significantly alter the expression of key genes related to colorectal cancer. Different types of meat showed varying levels of PAHs, and the exposure to certain PAHs in vitro led to changes in gene expression associated with colorectal carcinogenesis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Hafiz Rehan Nadeem, Saeed Akhtar, Tariq Ismail, Piero Sestili, Jose Manuel Lorenzo, Muhammad Modassar Ali Nawaz Ranjha, Leonie Jooste, Christophe Hano, Rana Muhammad Aadil
Summary: This review summarizes previous studies on the formation and types of potent mutagenic and/or carcinogenic HAAs in cooked meats, as well as discussing the occurrence, risk assessment, and factors affecting HAA formation. Furthermore, sample extraction procedures and quantification techniques are analyzed and described, along with an overview of promising strategies to mitigate the risk of HAAs by natural compounds and plant extracts containing antioxidants to reduce or inhibit the formation of these carcinogenic substances in cooked meats.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Biao Zhang, Cong Li, Wenjing Jia, Wanli Zhang, Na Huang, Wei Sheng, Shuo Wang
Summary: A novel and sensitive fluorescence immunosensor was developed for simultaneous detection of eight HAAs in heat processed meat samples with low detection limit and wide linear range. The method is based on the competition between quencher and analyte for binding to the signal probe, allowing effective detection of multiple HAAs.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2021)
Review
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Federico Bruno, Domenico Albano, Andrea Agostini, Massimo Benenati, Roberto Cannella, Damiano Caruso, Michaela Cellina, Diletta Cozzi, Ginevra Danti, Federica De Muzio, Francesco Gentili, Giuliana Giacobbe, Salvatore Gitto, Giulia Grazzini, Irene Grazzini, Carmelo Messina, Anna Palmisano, Pierpaolo Palumbo, Alessandra Bruno, Francesca Grassi, Roberta Grassi, Roberta Fusco, Vincenza Granata, Andrea Giovagnoni, Vittorio Miele, Antonio Barile
Summary: Metabolic and overload disorders are rare but important diseases that affect different organs and tissues. Imaging plays a crucial role in early detection and accurate diagnosis, especially in specific organs involved in metabolic pathways. MRI is particularly useful due to its multiparametric properties, but advanced imaging techniques may also be required for accurate characterization and quantification. This review aims to describe the various alterations resulting from these disorders and their imaging findings.
JAPANESE JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Alessandro Ottaiano, Mariachiara Santorsola, Francesco Perri, Vincenza Granata, Marco Cascella, Francesco Sabbatino, Guglielmo Nasti
Summary: This study compared the different treatment sequences of TAS-102 first or regorafenib first in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. The results showed a significant difference in overall survival, with a median survival of 4.5 months for the TR sequence and 3.0 months for the RT sequence.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Vincenza Granata, Roberta Fusco, Sergio Venanzio Setola, Roberta Galdiero, Nicola Maggialetti, Lucrezia Silvestro, Mario De Bellis, Elena Di Girolamo, Giulia Grazzini, Giuditta Chiti, Maria Chiara Brunese, Andrea Belli, Renato Patrone, Raffaele Palaia, Antonio Avallone, Antonella Petrillo, Francesco Izzo
Summary: Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancers, and late diagnosis is the main reason for its high mortality rate. Surgical resection is the only curative treatment, so early diagnosis is crucial for improving survival. Therefore, it is appropriate to stratify patients based on familial and genetic risk and develop screening protocols using minimally invasive diagnostic tools.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Alessandro Ottaiano, Mariachiara Santorsola, Luisa Circelli, Francesco Perri, Marco Cascella, Francesco Sabbatino, Maurizio Capuozzo, Vincenza Granata, Silvia Zappavigna, Angela Lombardi, Marianna Scrima, Nadia Petrillo, Monica Ianniello, Marika Casillo, Oreste Gualillo, Guglielmo Nasti, Michele Caraglia, Giovanni Savarese
Summary: This study examines the impact of hypertension, type 2 diabetes, weight, and p53 mutations on the prognosis of metastatic colorectal cancer patients. Patients were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes according to ADA criteria and classified hypertension based on ACC/AHA guidelines. Overall survival analysis showed that diabetic patients had lower disease control rates and that the concurrent presence of type 2 diabetes, BMI, and hypertension was an independent prognostic factor. P53 mutations were found to be associated with BMI and had a negative impact on prognosis, suggesting a complex relationship between metabolism and cancer occurrence.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Antonio Galluzzo, Sofia Boccioli, Ginevra Danti, Federica De Muzio, Michela Gabelloni, Roberta Fusco, Alessandra Borgheresi, Vincenza Granata, Andrea Giovagnoni, Nicoletta Gandolfo, Vittorio Miele
Summary: Gastrointestinal stromal tumours, originating from Cajal cells, are rare neoplasms in the gastroenteric tract. Diagnosis is mainly done through endoscopy, echoendoscopy, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography. Radiomics, an emerging technique, can extract invisible medical imaging information and convert it into quantitative data, improving diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of these tumors.
JAPANESE JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Alessandro Ottaiano, Mariachiara Santorsola, Luisa Circelli, Anna Maria Trotta, Francesco Izzo, Francesco Perri, Marco Cascella, Francesco Sabbatino, Vincenza Granata, Marco Correra, Luca Tarotto, Salvatore Stilo, Francesco Fiore, Nicola Martucci, Antonello La Rocca, Carmine Picone, Paolo Muto, Valentina Borzillo, Andrea Belli, Renato Patrone, Edoardo Mercadante, Fabiana Tatangelo, Gerardo Ferrara, Annabella Di Mauro, Giosue Scognamiglio, Massimiliano Berretta, Maurizio Capuozzo, Angela Lombardi, Jerome Galon, Oreste Gualillo, Ugo Pace, Paolo Delrio, Giovanni Savarese, Stefania Scala, Guglielmo Nasti, Michele Caraglia
Summary: Oligometastatic disease is a condition in which cancer spreads to only a few distant sites, and it is associated with a more favorable prognosis compared to polymetastatic disease. Recent studies have identified specific molecular and genetic features that underlie the oligometastatic phenotype, suggesting the potential for personalized therapies. This scoping review highlights new clinical, biological, and methodological challenges in understanding and treating oligometastatic disease.
Review
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Marco Cascella, Jonathan Montomoli, Valentina Bellini, Alessandro Vittori, Helena Biancuzzi, Francesca Dal Mas, Elena Giovanna Bignami
Summary: Despite the growing interest in the application of computer science and AI in neurocritical care, widespread clinical implementation is still lacking. Real-time collection and analysis of large datasets have the potential to advance this field by detecting subtle changes and facilitating rapid intervention. Strategic investments, collaboration, and the establishment of ethical and regulatory frameworks are crucial for harnessing the full potential of AI in neuro-ICU.
Article
Oncology
Alessandro Ottaiano, Mariachiara Santorsola, Luisa Circelli, Monica Ianniello, Marika Casillo, Nadia Petrillo, Francesco Sabbatino, Marco Cascella, Francesco Perri, Maurizio Capuozzo, Vittorio Albino, Vincenza Granata, Francesco Izzo, Annabella Di Mauro, Massimiliano Berretta, Raffaella Ruggiero, Oreste Gualillo, Roberto Sirica, Guglielmo Nasti, Giovanni Savarese
Letter
Critical Care Medicine
Elena Bignami, Jonathan Montomoli, Valentina Bellini, Marco Cascella
Letter
Information Science & Library Science
Marco Cascella, Alessandro De Cassai, Paolo Navalesi
QUANTITATIVE SCIENCE STUDIES
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Donatella Franco, Vincenza Granata, Roberta Fusco, Roberta Grassi, Valerio Nardone, Laura Lombardi, Salvatore Cappabianca, Renata Conforti, Francesco Briganti, Roberto Grassi, Ferdinando Caranci
Summary: This study assessed the accuracy of an AI software in quantifying brain tissue changes during radiotherapy treatment in glioblastoma multiforme patients. The results showed that AI tools can accurately evaluate radiotherapy-induced brain injuries and provide earlier assessment of brain tissue modifications.
Review
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Fabio Pellegrino, Vincenza Granata, Roberta Fusco, Francesca Grassi, Salvatore Tafuto, Luca Perrucci, Giulia Tralli, Mariano Scaglione
Summary: Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) are a heterogeneous group of tumors that arise from cells of the diffuse neuroendocrine system. They can be sporadic or occur in the context of genetic syndromes. They are mostly nonfunctioning, but some produce hormones responsible for clinical syndromes. The grade and differentiation of the tumor can affect clinical behaviors and prognoses. Diagnosis of GEP-NENs involves identifying the presence of the tumor and determining the primary site and extent of metastases. Morphological evaluations, such as CT and MRI, and functional evaluations, such as PET-CT and somatostatin analogs, are important in the diagnostic management of patients.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Vincenza Granata, Roberta Fusco, Diletta Cozzi, Ginevra Danti, Lorenzo Faggioni, Duccio Buccicardi, Roberto Prost, Riccardo Ferrari, Margherita Trinci, Michele Galluzzo, Francesca Iacobellis, Mariano Scaglione, Michele Tonerini, Francesca Coppola, Chandra Bortolotto, Damiano Caruso, Eleonora Ciaghi, Michela Gabelloni, Marco Rengo, Giuliana Giacobbe, Francesca Grassi, Luigia Romano, Antonio Pinto, Ferdinando Caranci, Elena Bertelli, Paolo D'Andrea, Emanuele Neri, Andrea Giovagnoni, Roberto Grassi, Vittorio Miele
Summary: This study developed a structured reporting template for whole-body CT examinations of polytrauma patients based on consensus among emergency radiology experts. The template includes four sections with a total of 118 items. In the second round of Delphi method, experts gave higher scores and showed higher agreement compared to the first round.
Article
Oncology
Mario Sansone, Roberta Fusco, Francesca Grassi, Gianluca Gatta, Maria Paola Belfiore, Francesca Angelone, Carlo Ricciardi, Alfonso Maria Ponsiglione, Francesco Amato, Roberta Galdiero, Roberta Grassi, Vincenza Granata, Roberto Grassi
Summary: The study aims to develop mammographic image processing techniques for the extraction of indicators indicative of breast density (BD) risk factors. The results show that machine learning techniques can classify breasts, with the best classifier being the Support Vector Machine (SVM) with an accuracy of 93.55%, true positive rate of 94.44%, and true negative rate of 92.31%. The SVM with 7 selected features by a wrapper method achieves an accuracy of 0.95, sensitivity of 0.96, and specificity of 0.90 in the external validation cohort. Conclusion: Radiomics analysis and machine learning approach can objectively identify breast density.
