Article
Environmental Sciences
Aoyun Li, Yajing Wang, Yuanyuan He, Bingxian Liu, Mudassar Iqbal, Khalid Mehmood, Tariq Jamil, Yung-Fu Chang, Lianmei Hu, Ying Li, Jianying Guo, Jiaqiang Pan, Zhaoxin Tang, Hui Zhang
Summary: Fluorine and its compounds from industrial production and coal combustion can cause contamination of air, water, and soil, posing a threat to public health through accumulation in animals, plants, and humans via food chain. Exposure to fluoride resulted in damaged intestinal structure and altered gut microbial composition in ducks.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Zijie Jin, Andy Ng, Corinne F. Maurice, David Juncker
Summary: MiCoMo is a low-cost, benchtop multi-bioreactor system that simulates the human colon environment, allowing for the study of gut microbial communities with high throughput and multiplexing capabilities.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Zhibo Zeng, Wen Yue, Cermon Kined, PengPeng Wang, Ran Liu, Jing Liu, Xinzhu Chen
Summary: This study found that Bacillus licheniformis could effectively restore gut microbial dysbiosis and inflammation levels induced by ceftriaxone sodium treatment, which is important for maintaining intestinal health.
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Viviana J. Mancilla, Allison E. Mann, Yan Zhang, Michael S. Allen
Summary: This study revealed differences in gut bacterial communities between phenylketonuria (PKU) patients and non-PKU controls, with lower diversity and statistically differentially abundant genera in PKU individuals. Furthermore, metabolic pathways also differed between the two groups, highlighting the need for further research on the effects of dietary restrictions.
Article
Immunology
Patrick A. Zoehrer, Claudia A. Hana, Nazlisadat Seyed Khoei, Christine Molzer, Marlies Hoermann-Wallner, Anela Tosevska, Daniel Doberer, Rodrig Marculescu, Andrew C. Bulmer, Craig W. Herbold, David Berry, Karl-Heinz Wagner
Summary: In this study, it was found that there was no significant association between mildly elevated unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) levels and the composition of the gut microbiota in healthy individuals with Gilbert's Syndrome. No differences were observed in the alpha and beta diversity between the GS and control groups, both showing typical representation of dominant phyla. The only significant difference identified was in bacterial diversity based on sex, with women showing greater diversity.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Barbara Zapala, Justyna Pustelnik, Alicja Dudek, Tomasz Milewicz
Summary: The gastrointestinal microbiota, consisting of trillions of microorganisms, is influenced by lifestyle and diet. A study on healthy Polish individuals following a Western diet found stable oral and gut microbiota profiles, with variations between genders.
Article
Microbiology
Alexander S. F. Berry, Meghann K. Pierdon, Ana M. Misic, Megan C. Sullivan, Kevin O'Brien, Ying Chen, Samuel J. Murray, Lydia A. Ramharack, Robert N. Baldassano, Thomas D. Parsons, Daniel P. Beiting
Summary: The study reveals that parity is an important factor modulating the gut microbiome during pregnancy, impacting the community of bacteria that colonize the offspring gut early in life, potentially influencing host metabolism. The results underscore the importance of considering parity in human microbiome studies during pregnancy and in infants.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Kristien Nel Van Zyl, Siphiwe R. Matukane, Bianca L. Hamman, Andrew C. Whitelaw, Mae Newton-Foot
Summary: Antibiotic use can alter the diversity and composition of the human microbiota. This systematic review found that certain antibiotics can cause long-term dysbiosis in the microbiome. The importance of longitudinal analysis and studies in pediatric populations was highlighted.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
(2022)
Article
Biology
Alessandro Stamilla, Susana Ruiz-Ruiz, Alejandro Artacho, Javier Pons, Antonino Messina, Cinzia Lucia Randazzo, Cinzia Caggia, Massimiliano Lanza, Andres Moya
Summary: This study investigated the composition and predicted functions of gut microbiota in healthy chickens fed a standard diet without antibiotics, showing significant changes between different intestine segments and relatively stable abundance of each genus during growth.
Article
Neurosciences
Wei Cui, Li Xu, Lin Huang, Yang Tian, Yan Yang, Yamei Li, Qian Yu
Summary: The study aims to explore the characteristics of gut microbiota changes over time after stroke. The researchers compared the clinical data and gut microbiota of stroke patients and healthy subjects in two phases. The results showed that gut dysbiosis still existed in patients in the subacute phase and convalescent phase of stroke, and gradually improved with the recovery of stroke. There is a strong correlation between gut microbiota and cognitive function after stroke.
CNS NEUROSCIENCE & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Kelvin Li, Barbara A. Methe, Adam Fitch, Heather Gentry, Cathy Kessinger, Asha Patel, Vickie Petraglia, Pruthvi Swamy, Alison Morris
Summary: Imposition of social and health behavior measures during the COVID-19 pandemic may impact the human microbiota, but further research is needed to confirm this hypothesis. This study found that while there was a trend of reduced diversity, the microbiota remained stable overall during the early pandemic phase. Changes in microbiota composition were associated with reported health issues and pandemic-associated worries.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Monica P. McNamara, Emily M. Venable, Marcell D. Cadney, Alberto A. Castro, Margaret P. Schmill, Lawrence Kazzazi, Rachel N. Carmody, Theodore Garland
Summary: In this study, the fecal microbial community composition and diversity were compared between a group of mice selectively bred for high wheel-running activity and a control group. The results showed that the high wheel-running mice had a higher relative abundance of the bacterial family Clostridiaceae, which differed from a previous study on rats. Additionally, the replicate lines within the high wheel-running and control groups had unique microbiomes, indicating potential random genetic drift and/or multiple adaptive responses to selection.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Luis Gonzalez, Jose Luis Paredes Sosa, Susan Mosquito, Yesenia Filio, Pedro E. Romero, Theresa J. Ochoa, Pablo Tsukayama
Summary: This study analyzed the gut microbiota composition of 60 toddlers aged 12-18 months who received daily administration of lactoferrin or placebo for 6 months. The results showed that lactoferrin treatment does not increase gut microbiota diversity over time nor affect its bacterial composition compared to the placebo group.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
V. Puvanendran, I. Rud, M. S. W. Breiland, J. A. Arnesen, L. Axelsson
Summary: The study demonstrated that feeding Atlantic cod larvae with two Carnobacterium divergens strains significantly improved growth, survival, and disease resistance. The enrichment of carnobacteria in the feed did not significantly impact the overall microbiota diversity or composition. Despite this, the probiotic treatment positively affected the performance and welfare of cod larvae.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Marek Aljewicz, Beata Nalepa, Slawomir Ciesielski
Summary: This study investigated the impact of different β-glucans on the gut microbiome in rats and found that oat β-glucan and curdlan increased the abundance of specific bacterial genera, while a positive correlation was observed between Streptococcus bacteria and the growth rate of rats. Consuming β-glucans at the recommended dose by EFSA did not significantly alter the structure of the gut microbiome in rats.
JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jamie Parker, Arseny Dubin, Ralf Schneider, Kim Sara Wagner, Sissel Jentoft, Astrid Boehne, Till Bayer, Olivia Roth
Summary: Male pregnancy in syngnathid species, ranging from basic attachment to specialized internal gestation, offers a unique opportunity to study the evolution of pregnancy. By comparing gene expression in different stages of pregnancy, this study found that metabolic processes and immune dynamics defined pregnancy stages across species, especially in pouched species resembling female pregnancy. The regulation of immune response in pouched species supports the role of immune modulation in the evolutionary establishment of pregnancy.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Giada Ferrari, Lane M. Atmore, Sissel Jentoft, Kjetill S. Jakobsen, Daniel Makowiecki, James H. Barrett, Bastiaan Star
Summary: Genomic assignment tests are crucial for identifying important biological characteristics, but high-coverage sequence data can be challenging to obtain. A novel approach has been developed to efficiently assign biologically relevant information in extremely low-coverage sequence data, enabling the accurate identification of population identity and structural variants.
MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Marte Sodeland, Sissel Jentoft, Per Erik Jorde, Morten Mattingsdal, Jon Albretsen, Alf Ring Kleiven, Ann-Elin Waroy Synnes, Sigurd Heiberg Espeland, Esben Moland Olsen, Carl Andre, Nils Chr Stenseth, Halvor Knutsen
Summary: Life on Earth has experienced cycles of ecological stasis and disruption, linking biological and geological transitions. Human influences have caused increasing ecological disruption, leading some to argue that we are now in the Anthropocene era. Understanding the drivers of ecological stasis is crucial for intervention and mitigation. The Atlantic cod, a keystone species in the northern Atlantic Ocean, has experienced collapses and ecosystem reshuffling. Whole-genome resequencing revealed that stabilizing selection maintains three supergenes in Atlantic cod, which are linked to species persistence and ecological stasis. Historic population size inference indicates continued declines due to industrialization and commercialization of fisheries.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Michael Matschiner, Julia Maria Isis Barth, Ole Kristian Torresen, Bastiaan Star, Helle Tessand Baalsrud, Marine Servane Ono Brieuc, Christophe Pampoulie, Ian Bradbury, Kjetill Sigurd Jakobsen, Sissel Jentoft
Summary: This study investigates the origin and evolution of four megabase-scale supergenes in Atlantic cod. The results show that these supergenes are formed through chromosomal inversions at different time points. Furthermore, gene conversion and double crossover play important roles in the maintenance and evolution of supergenes.
NATURE ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Thomas H. A. Haverkamp, Hakon Kaspersen, Oivind Oines, Bjorn Spilsberg, Amar Anandrao Telke, Karin Lagesen, Jannice Schau Slettemeas, Solveig Solverod Mo, Hannah Joan Jorgensen, Camilla Sekse
Summary: Eight Providencia alcalifaciens isolates from different dogs in Norway with acute hemorrhagic diarrhea were sequenced, and all the genomes were complete and closed after hybrid assembly.
MICROBIOLOGY RESOURCE ANNOUNCEMENTS
(2022)
Editorial Material
Ecology
Giulio Formenti, Kathrin Theissinger, Carlos Fernandes, Iliana Bista, Aureliano Bombarely, Christoph Bleidorn, Claudio Ciofi, Angelica Crottini, Jose A. Godoy, Jacob Hoglund, Joanna Malukiewicz, Alice Mouton, Rebekah A. Oomen, Sadye Paez, Per J. Palsboll, Christophe Pampoulie, Maria J. Ruiz-Lopez, Hannes Svardal, Constantina Theofanopoulou, Jan de Vries, Ann-Marie Waldvogel, Guojie Zhang, Camila J. Mazzoni, Erich D. Jarvis, Miklos Balint
Summary: Progress in genome sequencing has enabled the generation of large-scale reference genomes, representing global biodiversity. These genomes provide unique insights into genomic diversity and architecture, allowing comprehensive analyses in population and functional genomics, and are expected to revolutionize conservation genomics.
TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION
(2022)
Editorial Material
Ecology
Lesley T. Lancaster, Zachary L. Fuller, David Berger, Matthew A. Barbour, Sissel Jentoft, Maren Wellenreuther
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Naomi Croft Guslund, Anders K. Krabberod, Simen F. Norstebo, Monica Hongro Solbakken, Kjetill S. Jakobsen, Finn-Eirik Johansen, Shuo-Wang Qiao
Summary: This study explores the heterogeneity of lymphocyte subsets in the spleen of Atlantic cod using single-cell RNA sequencing. The findings reveal different T cell and B cell subsets, as well as provide insights into the differentiation trajectory of B cells. Additionally, a CD8-negative T cell subpopulation with distinct expression characteristics is identified.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Lourdes Martinez-Garcia, Giada Ferrari, Angelica Cuevas, Lane M. Atmore, Begona Lopez-Arias, Mark Culling, Laura Llorente-Rodriguez, Arturo Morales-Muniz, Eufrasia Rosello-Izquierdo, Juan Antonio Quiros, Ricard Marlasca-Martin, Bernd Hanfling, William F. Hutchinson, Kjetill S. Jakobsen, Sissel Jentoft, David Orton, Bastiaan Star, James H. Barrett
Summary: Using whole-genome sequencing, this study determined the biological origin of ancient Atlantic cod specimens from England and Spain. The findings provide insights into the timing and geography of the trans-Atlantic cod trade, demonstrating the utility of genomic and ancient DNA approaches in understanding the globalization of marine fisheries.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Annette Taugbol, Monica Hongro Solbakken, Kjetill S. Jakobsen, Leif Asbjorn Vollestad
Summary: This study conducted an experiment on threespine stickleback and found that saltwater and freshwater populations show different gene expression differences in response to abrupt salinity changes. This indicates that osmoregulation relies not only on genomic expressional plasticity, but also other important factors.
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Synne Arstad Bjornestad, Monica Hongro Solbakken, Kjetill S. Jakobsen, Sissel Jentoft, Oddmund Bakke, Cinzia Progida
Summary: Until recently, it was believed that MHC genes and their associated immune components had been conserved since their evolutionary emergence. However, sequencing of the Atlantic cod genome revealed a loss of MHC class II genes and an extreme expansion of MHC class I genes. These findings suggest a possible functional shift from MHC class II to MHC class I.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Sigrun J. Hauge, Gro S. Johannessen, Thomas H. A. Haverkamp, Solfrid Bjorkoy, Ann Katrin Llarena, Bjorn Spilsberg, Magnus Leithaug, Marianne Okland, Janne Holthe, Ole-Johan Rotterud, Ole Alvseike, Gunvor Elise Nagel-Alne
Summary: Good process hygiene is essential for safe and long-lasting broiler products. This study investigated bacterial load and diversity on chicken carcasses at different slaughtering stages in two Norwegian abattoirs. The results showed decreased bacterial load along the slaughter line, with the largest reduction after washing and chilling. Amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene revealed a shift in bacterial communities from more diverse to less diverse after chilling. Both abattoirs were assessed as low risk. This study contributes to identifying factors affecting Campylobacter and other bacteria levels during slaughter and improving meat safety.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
William B. Reinar, Anne Greulich, Ida M. Sto, Jonfinn B. Knutsen, Trond Reitan, Ole K. Torresen, Sissel Jentoft, Melinka A. Butenko, Kjetill S. Jakobsen
Summary: Intrinsically disordered protein regions play a crucial role in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Length variations in tracts of identical amino acids in these regions are influenced by natural selection and correlate with local bioclimatic habitat. Experimental evidence shows that length variations in a disordered transcription factor affect protein function and may have adaptive significance. Understanding the role of length variations in modulating protein function has implications for protein evolution and eco-evolutionary biology.