Article
Chemistry, Applied
Eli Emanuel Esparza-Flores, Larissa Bertoldo Siquiera, Fernanda Dias Cardoso, Tania Haas Costa, Edilson Valmir Benvenutti, Iliana E. Medina-Ramirez, Mercedes Perullini, Patricio R. Santagapita, Rafael C. Rodrigues, Plinho F. Hertz
Summary: A comprehensive structural characterization of the chitosan-genipin complex was conducted using various techniques, showing modifications in the porosity and microstructure of the chitosan-genipin beads. The results demonstrated that the complex exhibited plasticity and dynamic behavior, with changes in fractality in response to pH environment and the crosslinking process. The immobilized enzyme on the modified particles showed high stability in continuous production. Evaluation: 8/10.
FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Anna Flavia Chaves e Souza, Sabrina Gabardo, Rafaela de Jesus Silva Coelho
Summary: The bioprocess industries are developing technological strategies to obtain new biomolecules to improve life quality. Galactooligosaccharides (GOS) are important food-grade oligosaccharides with prebiotic potential, providing various health benefits such as selective stimulation of microorganisms, decrease in toxic compounds, increased mineral absorption, improved immune response, and reduced severity of obesity and diabetes. This review discusses recent methodologies and strategies to obtain GOS, purification methods, technological properties for industrial application, and the use of agro-industrial residues for sustainable GOS production. The low yield of GOS remains a primary concern, but enzyme immobilization shows promise as a potential solution. Technological and nutritional approaches for GOS application in different industries are also presented.
JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Eduardo Rosado, Paloma Delgado-Fernandez, Blanca de las Rivas, Rosario Munoz, Francisco Javier Moreno, Nieves Corzo, Cesar Mateo
Summary: This study presents the synthesis of beta-galactosyl xylitol derivatives using immobilized LacA beta-galactosidase from Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1. The immobilized enzyme exhibited high activity and stability, allowing for the synthesis of a large amount of beta-galactosyl xylitol derivatives with improved efficiency. It also showed lower in vitro intestinal digestibility compared to lactose.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Rahul Vikram Singh, Krishika Sambyal
Summary: This review provides systematic information about the recent advancements in the production of beta-galactosidase and its industrial applications, primarily focusing on the application of recombinant strains and immobilization strategies. These developments have made beta-galactosidase an important enzyme in the industry.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Lucas A. de Freitas, Marylane de Sousa, Laiza B. Ribeiro, Italo W. L. de Franca, Luciana R. B. Goncalves
Summary: This study proposes cross-linked magnetic cross-linked enzyme aggregates (mCLEAs) for the preparation of heterogeneous biocatalysts of beta-galactosidase, and investigates the concentration of cross-linking agents glutaraldehyde and dextran-aldehyde. The use of glutaraldehyde results in increased recovered activity, while the addition of a competitive inhibitor or polymer coating in the preparation process does not enhance the activity. Biocatalysts prepared with dextran-aldehyde exhibit higher recovered activity and thermal stability, making them suitable for industrial use.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Anastasia Zerva, Koar Chorozian, Anastasia S. Kritikou, Nikolaos S. Thomaidis, Evangelos Topakas
Summary: In this study, beta-glucosidase and beta-galactosidase were used to transglycosylate two steviol glycosides, resulting in conversion yields ranging from 33.1% to 34.6% for stevioside and 25.6% to 37.6% for rebaudioside A. By utilizing low-cost industrial byproducts as sugar donors, such as cellulose hydrolyzate and acid whey, the biocatalysts exhibited efficient bioconversion activity, demonstrating potential for a cost-effective process for modifying steviol glycosides.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Ke Wang, Yihong Xu, Zehui Xuan, Xina Xiao, Guofeng Gu, Lili Lu
Summary: In this study, a novel enzymatic process for the synthesis of galactooligosaccharides (GOS) from plant-derived galactose was established. The process was able to produce GOS without any byproducts. The synthesis conditions using the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis as the enzyme source were optimized, resulting in a GOS yield of 45%. The major GOS products were identified as Gal-beta-D(1. 6)-Gal, Gal-beta-D-(1. 3)-Gal, and Gal-beta-D-(1. 6)-Gal-beta-D-(1. 6)-Gal.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tianpeng Chen, Shimeng Wang, Huanqing Niu, Guanjia Yang, Sinan Wang, Yuqi Wang, Chaowei Zhou, Bin Yu, Pengpeng Yang, Wenjun Sun, Dong Liu, Hanjie Ying, Yong Chen
Summary: A biofilm-based fermentation system was constructed in P. pastoris by combining the surface display of beta-galactosidase and biofilm formation. The results showed a catalytic conversion rate of 50.3% for GOS with a maximum enzyme activity of 5125 U/g. This study provides a basis for developing biofilm-based surface display methods in P. pastoris.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Daniel Mehabie Mulualem, Christy Agbavwe, Lesley A. Ogilvie, Brian V. Jones, Michelle Kilcoyne, Conor O'Byrne, Aoife Boyd
Summary: The study identified a novel beta-galactosidase gene, bgaC, from Bifidobacterium adolescentis, which showed optimal activity at pH 7.0 and 37 degrees C, with a wide range of pH and temperature stability. BgaC required a divalent metal ion co-factor and exhibited low product inhibition by galactose and high tolerance for glucose. The enzyme also had transglycosylation activity to produce galactooligosaccharides (GOS) from lactose, making it an ideal candidate for dairy industry applications and prebiotic manufacture.
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Ailing Zhong, Priti Katrolia, Chong Zhu, Narasimha Kumar Kopparapu
Summary: A novel beta-galactosidase, NelnuGal, was isolated from Lotus seeds for the first time. It was purified to homogeneity using hydrophobic interaction chromatography and ion exchange chromatography. NelnuGal exhibited optimal activity at pH 4.0, broad pH stability (pH 4-10), and temperature optimum of 50°C with thermostability from 20 to 50°C. The enzyme showed resistance to inhibition by most metal ions, making it useful for milk hydrolysis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Maria Micaela Ureta, Goncalo Nuno Martins, Onofre Figueira, Pedro Filipe Pires, Paula Cristina Castilho, Andrea Gomez-Zavaglia
Summary: This review explores principal immobilization strategies aimed at achieving optimal industrial processes, focusing specifically on beta-galactosidases and fructosyltransferases. The main methods for immobilizing these enzymes include adsorption, entrapment, covalent coupling, and cross-linking or aggregation. It is important for the support material to be cost-effective, ensure enzyme reusability and easy recovery, and enhance stability.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Jingjing Sun, Congyu Yao, Yujie Li, Wei Wang, Jianhua Hao, Yi Yu
Summary: In this study, a novel β-galactosidase was isolated from a deep-sea metagenome, overexpressed in Escherichia coli, and purified. The enzyme showed high activity at specific temperatures and pH conditions, and exhibited resistance to salt. Moreover, it displayed hydrolysis and transglycosylation activity towards substrates such as oNPG and lactose.
WORLD JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Ting Li, Jing Li, Qiaojuan Yan, Shaoqing Yang, Zhengqiang Jiang
Summary: This study reported the characterization of a novel beta-galactosidase (LzBgal35A) from Lacticaseibacillus zeae and its potential application in lacto-N-tetraose (LNT) synthesis. LzBgal35A displayed favorable transglycosylation activity for LNT synthesis, achieving the highest yield reported so far.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Daniel Sarkozy, Robert Farsang, Marton Szigeti, Sean Austin, Stephen Lock, Andras Guttman
Summary: In this study, the galactooligosaccharide content of an industrial GOS ingredient was determined using differential enzymatic digestion and capillary gel electrophoresis with laser induced fluorescence detection. The concentration of galactooligosaccharides in the sample was found to be 37.23 g/100 g, similar to previous HPLC results but with a shorter separation time of 20 minutes. The CGE-LIF method combined with the enzymatic digestion protocol provides a rapid and easy way to measure galactooligosaccharides in infant formulas and other products.
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Marina S. Robescu, Sara Tengattini, Marco Rabuffetti, Giovanna Speranza, Marco Terreni, Teodora Bavaro
Summary: The beta-d-mannopyranoside linkage is commonly found in biological structures and is challenging to synthesize chemically. This study successfully immobilized Cf-beta-Man for the first time and used it in the synthesis of beta-mannosides. The immobilized enzyme showed a higher conversion rate in the synthesis of disaccharides under optimal conditions, opening up new possibilities for the design of engineered enzyme mutants and their immobilization.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Veronika Holla, Rhiannon Hill, Monika Antosova, Milan Polakovic
Summary: The study focuses on the biocatalytic production of Tyrosol beta-galactoside (TG) from tyrosol and lactose using Aspergillus oryzae beta-galactosidase in immobilized form. The adsorption of tyrosol on immobilization carrier matrices was significant but did not negatively impact TG production, and even improved TG yield for some biocatalysts. Temperature had a weak effect on the overall process rate, while a lactose concentration of 0.83 M was found optimal for enhancing TG formation. Tyrosol concentration was complex, causing inhibition of reactions but higher concentrations proved favorable for reaching pseudo-equilibrium concentrations of TG and galactooligosaccharide. Repeated batch results showed excellent operational stability of the biocatalyst.
BIOPROCESS AND BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Jan Martak, Kanti Kumar Athankar, Tibor Liptaj, Milan Polakovic, Stefan Schlosser
Summary: The study investigated the equilibrium data of extracting propionic acid (PA) using hydrophobic phosphonium ionic liquid and dodecane, showing competitive extraction of PA and water, along with coextraction of PA with water. The experimental values and model calculations were well aligned, indicating a general validity of the model. The affinity of PA to IL was found to be lower than butyric acid but higher than lactic acid.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Tomas Molnar, Maria Bartosova, Monika Antosova, Ludovit Skultety, Milan Polakovic
Summary: This study successfully purified rhEPO using a three-step chromatographic procedure, with a purification factor of about 40. The process involved direct chromatographic separation of the protein from the post-harvest medium, with the removal of over 99% of impurity proteins.
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Klaudia Karkeszova, Monika Antosova, Elena Karnisova Potocka, Vladimir Mastihuba, Milan Polakovic
Summary: Tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol, by-products of olive oil production, can be used as valuable substrates for enzymatic transglycosylation to produce pharmaceutical products. This study investigated the potential of baker's yeast invertase for the conversion of sucrose and phenylethanoids to phenylethanoid fructosides. The effects of sucrose and phenylethanoid concentrations on transfructosylation selectivity and fructoside yields were studied, with the addition of deep eutectic solvents to shift the reaction equilibrium towards fructoside synthesis.
BIOPROCESS AND BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Marta Ostrihonova, Michal Gramblicka, Milan Polakovic
Summary: This study explores the use of hydrophobic adsorbents for the separation of acetophenone into 1-phenylethanol in order to produce a natural aroma. Seventeen types of industrial hydrophobic adsorbents were evaluated for their adsorption capacities and selectivity, and the data were well fitted with the competitive Langmuir isotherm.
FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tomas Kurak, Milan Polakovic
Summary: Membrane chromatography is a high-throughput separation method commonly used in therapeutic protein purification. This study focuses on the equilibrium and kinetic properties of a multimodal chromatographic membrane and reveals its high selectivity in separating target proteins and impurities.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mateusz Tataruch, Viera Illeova, Anna Milaczewska, Tomasz Borowski, Mario Mihal, Milan Polakovic
Summary: This study evaluated the stability of R-HPED under storage and in-process conditions in the pH range from 5.5 to 8.5. The relationship between aggregation dynamics and activity loss under various pH conditions and in the presence of glucose was analyzed. The results showed that at pH 8.5, the enzyme exhibited high stability and the highest total product yield despite its relatively low activity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Marta Ostrihonova, Patrik Cabadaj, Milan Polakovic
Summary: Adsorption and chromatographic processes were used to purify natural aromas produced via biocatalytic routes. The recovery of 1-phenylethanol (PE) from mixtures with different amounts of acetophenone (AP) was studied. Frontal chromatography using Amberlite FPX68 showed promising results with yields close to 90%. The experimental and modeling results were used for the scale-up of the chromatographic separation process.
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Klaudia Karkeszova, Milan Polakovic
Summary: The catalytic properties of Seqenzym((R)) FT, a fungal fructosyltransferase heterologously expressed in yeasts, were investigated. The study found that the transfructosylation rate was slightly inhibited by sucrose concentrations above 1.5 M, while hydrolytic side activity was low even at sucrose concentrations as low as 0.25 M. The progress of the reaction was characterized by the depletion of shorter chain FOS and the accumulation of 1-beta-fructofuranosyl nystose, indicating Seqenzym((R)) FT's ability to produce FOS with a higher degree of polymerization compared to other commercial preparations.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Patrik Cabadaj, Viera Illeova, Ivan Cervenansky, Veronika Rupcikova, Tomas Krajcovic, Marek Bucko, Milan Polakovic
Summary: The stability of a genetically modified Escherichia coli whole-cell biocatalyst was studied in both free and immobilized forms in continuous bioreactors. The immobilized cells showed higher activity but still lost their activity completely after 60 hours.
ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Marta Ostrihonova, Monika Antosova, Hana Dobiasova, Justina Cuchorova, Kvetoslava Vrankova, Milan Polakovic
Summary: Biocatalytic oxidation of a fatty acid preparation by enzymes released from a plant extract provided (2E,4E)-deca-2,4-dienal (2,4-DDAL), a valuable natural aroma. The highest binding capacity for 2,4-DDAL was around 30 mg/g among 17 hydrophobic adsorbents tested in batch equilibrium experiments. Ethanol was found to be the best desorbent for purifying 2,4-DDAL from the biocatalytic reaction mixture.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jan Martak, Tibor Liptaj, Milan Polakovic, Stefan Schlosser
Summary: The extraction performance of the new ionic liquid [C14C6C6C6P][NDec] is comparable to previously tested phosphonium ILs, with the ability to achieve high loading of butyric acid and remain in liquid state at low temperatures. The overall extraction mechanism involves competitive extraction and coextraction, with coextraction dominating at higher acid loading.
