Effect of oral stimulation on feeding performance and weight gain in preterm neonates: a randomised controlled trial

Background: In preterm infants, oral stimulation enhances muscle tone and movement which facilitates normal oral motor developmental patterns improving oral feeding performance. Aim: To study the effects on feeding performance, transition to independent oral feeding, weight gain and length of hospital stay of an oral stimulation programme in preterm neonates. Study design: This randomised controlled trial was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital over a period of 10 months. Altogether, 102 preterm neonates (30-34weeks gestation) were randomised into the intervention group (oro-motor stimulation for 5min twice a day, n = 51) or the control group (routine care only, n = 51). The primary outcome measures were feeding performance, and transition period to reach independent oral feeding. Results:There was better feeding performance (overall intake and rate of milk transfer), shorter transition to independent oral feeding, better weight gain and shorter length of hospital stay in the intervention group (p<0.001). Conclusions: Oral stimulation improves feeding performance, weight gain rate and reduces hospital stay in preterm neonates born between 30 and 34 weeks of gestation.