Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yael Bar-Zeev
Summary: Although electronic cigarettes may be a better option for pregnant women to quit smoking compared to nicotine replacement therapy, concerns about low cessation rates and unknown long-term harm hinder enthusiasm.
Article
Substance Abuse
Mairtin S. McDermott, Katherine A. East, Leonie S. Brose, Ann McNeill, Sara C. Hitchman, Timea R. Partos
Summary: This study found that daily use of disposable/cartridge ECs and refill/modular ECs can increase the odds of successful smoking cessation compared to using no help, while non-daily use of disposable/cartridge ECs can decrease the odds of success.
Article
Substance Abuse
Noreen L. Watson, Kristin E. Mull, Jonathan B. Bricker
Summary: Research suggests that daily e-cigarette use is associated with lower odds of quitting smoking among treatment-seeking smokers, especially among those with lower nicotine dependence and who initiate daily use after starting an intervention.
DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Jeremy Y. Levett, Kristian B. Filion, Pauline Reynier, Celine Prell, Mark J. Eisenberg
Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that nicotine e-cigarettes are more effective than conventional smoking cessation therapies in helping individuals quit smoking.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Psychiatry
Paul Vanderkam, Audrey Bonneau, Sherazade Kinouani, Palina Dzeraviashka, Philippe Castera, Marc Besnier, Philippe Binder, Nicolas Doux, Nematollah Jaafari, Claire Lafay-Chebassier
Summary: This meta-analysis demonstrates the duration of effectiveness of nicotine electronic cigarettes compared to non-nicotine electronic cigarettes and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) in smoking cessation and reduction. Nicotine electronic cigarettes are more effective than NRT in smoking cessation and reduction, but there are uncertainties about the risks of its long-term use and its potential role in smoking, particularly among young people.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Janet Audrain-McGovern, Daniel Rodriguez, Stephen Pianin, Shannon Testa
Summary: The study identified four different developmental pathways among adolescents: some adolescents start using e-cigarettes with a delay but quickly, some adolescents use e-cigarettes steadily from the beginning, some adolescents use both e-cigarettes and traditional cigarettes, and some adolescents do not use e-cigarettes or traditional cigarettes. The findings also revealed that adolescents who were dual users had a greater number and severity of e-cigarette and combustible cigarette risk factors.
Article
Substance Abuse
Rick Kosterman, Marina Epstein, Jennifer A. Bailey, Madeline Furlong, J. David Hawkins
Summary: The study found that the use of e-cigarettes did not help smokers in their 30s quit or reduce smoking. Regardless of various factors such as demographics, smoking attitudes, health behaviors, and smoking history, e-cig initiation consistently predicted a lower likelihood of quitting combustible cigarettes.
DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Alan D. Price, Margaret Coffey, Lawrence Houston, Penny A. Cook
Summary: The combination of e-cigarette distribution and pharmacy support appears to be an agreeable and effective intervention for smoking cessation, but further data are needed on long-term quit rates and health effects.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Becky Freeman, Katherine Owen, Sandra Rickards, Alecia Brooks, Philip J. Clare, Anita Dessaix
Summary: This study examined the use of e-cigarettes by adults who smoke or have recently quit and the demographic characteristics associated with their use. The results showed an increase in e-cigarette use among young adults, with the main reasons being to help quit smoking and to reduce the number of cigarettes smoked.
MEDICAL JOURNAL OF AUSTRALIA
(2023)
Article
Substance Abuse
Jamie Hartmann-Boyce, Ailsa R. Butler, Annika Theodoulou, Igho J. Onakpoya, Peter Hajek, Chris Bullen, Nancy A. Rigotti, Nicola Lindson
Summary: This study compares biomarkers of potential harm among different groups of individuals based on their behavior in electronic cigarette intervention studies. The findings suggest that switching from smoking to vaping or dual use can significantly reduce levels of biomarkers of potential harm.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Melissa B. Harrell, Dale S. Mantey, Baojiang Chen, Steven H. Kelder, Jessica Barrington-Trimis
Summary: This study examined and compared trends in past 30-day cigarette smoking among US adolescents from 2002 to 2019, before and after the onset of the e-cigarette era in 2014. The findings suggest that the rate of decline in cigarette smoking prevalence among adolescents slowed down after the introduction of e-cigarettes in 2014, indicating a possible gateway effect between smoking and e-cigarette use at a population level.
PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Respiratory System
Amber Famiglietti, Jessica Wang Memoli, Puja Gaur Khaitan
Summary: The rising popularity of e-cigarettes and vaping, especially among youth, has led to debates over their efficacy as smoking cessation tools. While limited evidence suggests they may increase dual smoking, the negative impact on lung health and surgical outcomes requires further research for a clearer understanding.
JOURNAL OF THORACIC DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Substance Abuse
Abby Hunter, Judith Yargawa, Caitlin Notley, Michael Ussher, Alex Bobak, Rachael L. Murray, Srabani Nath, Sue Cooper
Summary: This study used interviews to explore healthcare professionals' attitudes and behaviors towards vaping in pregnancy, finding that lack of capability, opportunity, and motivation hinder discussions about vaping as a smoking cessation tool, highlighting the need for targeted training in this area.
NICOTINE & TOBACCO RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Michael Kotlyar, Ryan Shanley, Sheena R. Dufresne, Gretchen A. Corcoran, Dorothy K. Hatsukami
Summary: This pilot study examined the impact of restricting menthol cigarettes on current menthol smokers. It found that abstaining from menthol cigarettes led to lower smoking rates and levels of exhaled CO. Participants who abstained also reported higher motivation to quit and perceived effectiveness of quitting skills. The flavor of e-cigarettes provided did not significantly affect smoking behavior or CO levels. These findings suggest that banning menthol flavor in combustible cigarettes could enhance the harm reduction potential of e-cigarettes.
PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Anna Maria Abi Nehme, XiangYang Lou, Xinyu Yan, Ji-Hyun Lee, Ramzi G. Salloum
Summary: This study evaluated the patterns and factors influencing smoking cessation among dual users of e-cigarettes and traditional cigarettes. The results showed that using e-cigarettes has the potential to aid in smoking cessation, but demographic and smoking habit factors have an impact on the outcome of quitting smoking.
ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS
(2022)
Article
Primary Health Care
John A. Henry, Susan A. Jebb, Paul Aveyard, Cesar Garriga, Julia Hippisley-Cox, Carmen Piernas
Summary: Only a minority of patients with diabetes or hypertension report receiving lifestyle advice or have this recorded in their medical records. Interventions beyond guidelines are needed to increase the delivery of behavioural interventions to treat these conditions.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF GENERAL PRACTICE
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Min Gao, Paul Aveyard, Nicola Lindson, Jamie Hartmann-Boyce, Peter Watkinson, Duncan Young, Carol Coupland, Ashley K. Clift, David Harrison, Doug Gould, Ian D. Pavord, Margaret Smith, Julia Hippisley-Cox
Summary: Current smoking is associated with a lower risk of severe COVID-19 compared to never smokers, while former smokers have a higher risk. The association between e-cigarette use and severe COVID-19 is unclear.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Min Gao, Qin Wang, Carmen Piernas, Nerys M. Astbury, Susan A. Jebb, Michael Holmes, Paul Aveyard
Summary: BMI and body fat are associated with COVID-19, but muscle mass is not. Central fat distribution shows a stronger association with COVID-19 than BMI in observational study, but no causality is found in Mendelian randomisation analysis. Metabolic consequences have strong associations with COVID-19 in observational study, but no evidence is found in Mendelian randomisation analysis. BMI retains a direct effect on COVID-19 in Mendelian randomisation analysis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Charlotte Lee, Carmen Piernas, Cristina Stewart, Moscho Michalopoulou, Anisa Hajzadeh, Rhiannon Edwards, Paul Aveyard, Felicity Waite
Summary: Research shows that in order to overcome barriers faced by individuals with serious mental illness in engaging in behavioral weight management interventions, it is important to provide regular contact, tools for support, and tailored materials. These characteristics are associated with increased effectiveness in interventions.
Article
Respiratory System
Ashley K. Clift, Adam von Ende, Pui San Tan, Hannah M. Sallis, Nicola Lindson, Carol A. C. Coupland, Marcus R. Munafo, Paul Aveyard, Julia Hippisley-Cox, Jemma C. Hopewell
Summary: Analysis of UK Biobank data reveals a significant positive association between smoking and risk of COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and death, supporting a causal effect of smoking on severe COVID-19.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Dimitrios A. Koutoukidis, Susan A. Jebb, Matthew Zimmerman, Afolarin Otunla, J. Aaron Henry, Anne Ferrey, Ella Schofield, Jade Kinton, Paul Aveyard, Julian R. Marchesi
Summary: Weight loss is associated with an increase in gut microbiota alpha-diversity and a reduction in intestinal permeability.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Katherine Sawyer, Kim Fredman Stein, Pamela Jacobsen, Tom P. Freeman, Anna K. M. Blackwell, Chris Metcalfe, David Kessler, Marcus R. Munafo, Paul Aveyard, Gemma M. J. Taylor
Summary: This study aimed to understand participants' views and experiences of receiving a novel smoking cessation intervention. The results showed that the majority of people accepted the integrated smoking cessation and mental health treatment, but there were also some implementation barriers.
HEALTH EXPECTATIONS
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Annika Theodoulou, Jamie Hartmann-Boyce, Jordan Gorenberg, Jason L. L. Oke, Ailsa R. R. Butler, Anastasios Bastounis, Susan A. A. Jebb, Paul Aveyard
Summary: Behavioral weight management programs can lead to weight loss, but subsequent weight regain may negatively affect mental health outcomes. A meta-analysis of 47 studies found that these programs did not harm mental health and may actually improve some dimensions of it. However, the association between weight change and changes in depression and/or anxiety scores over time was inconclusive.
Article
Substance Abuse
Adrian H. Taylor, Tom P. Thompson, Adam Streeter, Jade Chynoweth, Tristan Snowsill, Wendy Ingram, Michael Ussher, Paul Aveyard, Rachael L. Murray, Tess Harris, Lynne Callaghan, Colin Green, Colin J. Greaves, Lisa Price, Siobhan Creanor
Summary: Behavioral support can effectively reduce smoking and increase physical activity for smokers who are unmotivated to quit, but it does not have long-term effects on smoking cessation and physical activity.
Article
Psychiatry
Charlotte Lee, Felicity Waite, Carmen Piernas, Paul Aveyard
Summary: This study aimed to develop an intervention to improve uptake and engagement with a mainstream weight management program for people with serious mental illness (SMI). The intervention included attending a 12-week mainstream weight management program and receiving online adjunct support and regular check-ins. Preliminary results showed that the intervention was feasible and acceptable, warranting further trials.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Adrian H. Taylor, Tom P. Thompson, Adam Streeter, Jade Chynoweth, Tristan Snowsill, Wendy Ingram, Michael Ussher, Paul Aveyard, Rachael L. Murray, Tess Harris, Colin Green, Jane Horrell, Lynne Callaghan, Colin J. Greaves, Lisa Price, Lucy Cartwright, Jonny Wilks, Sarah Campbell, Dan Preece, Siobhan Creanor
Summary: This study examined the effect of motivational support for smokers who wanted to reduce smoking but not quit immediately. The intervention, which aimed to increase physical activity and reduce smoking, did not lead to significant increases in prolonged abstinence. Additionally, the intervention was not cost-effective.
HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Dimitrios A. Koutoukidis, Emma Barron, Richard Stevens, Paul Aveyard, Jonathan Valabhji, Susan A. Jebb
Summary: This study found that people who start a weight management program in January tend to lose more weight compared to those who start at other times of the year, with a difference ranging from 12% to 30%.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Charlotte Albury, Helena Webb, Elizabeth Stokoe, Sue Ziebland, Constantinos Koshiaris, Joseph J. Lee, Paul Aveyard
Summary: This study examined the relationship between language used in clinical visits and patient weight loss. The results showed that presenting weight loss treatment as a positive opportunity was associated with greater treatment uptake and weight loss.
ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Dimitrios A. Koutoukidis, Ferenc E. Mozes, Susan A. Jebb, Jeremy W. Tomlinson, Michael Pavlides, Francesca Saffioti, Rosemary Huntriss, Paul Aveyard, Jeremy F. Cobbold
Summary: The study demonstrates that a low-energy diet is a highly adherent, safe, and effective treatment for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Anisa Hajizadeh, Laura Heath, Aryati Ahmad, Maryam Kebbe, Susan Anne Jebb, Paul Aveyard, Gemma Hughes
Summary: Clinical trials have shown that providing advice and support for weight management can lead to meaningful weight loss. However, in real-world clinical settings, the offering of weight management advice is often low. Using Strong Structuration Theory, this study explored how weight stigma and professional responsibilities influenced clinicians in primary care to raise (or not) the issue of excess weight with patients. The findings suggest a tension between clinical guidelines and the lived experience of patients, resulting in an absence of weight management advice and potentially reinforcing weight stigma.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2023)
