Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Ryan J. Kramer, Haozhe He, Brian J. Soden, Lazaros Oreopoulos, Gunnar Myhre, Piers M. Forster, Christopher J. Smith
Summary: Through satellite observations, it was found that the all-sky instantaneous radiative forcing increased by 0.53 ± 0.11 W/m² from 2003 to 2018, mainly due to the rising concentrations of greenhouse gases and reductions in aerosol emissions. These results highlight the distinct fingerprints of anthropogenic activity in Earth's changing energy budget.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Geoffrey W. Khamala, John W. Makokha, Richard Boiyo, Kanike Raghavendra Kumar
Summary: This study characterized the absorption and radiative properties of aerosols in East Africa (EA) using long-term AERONET and MERRA-2 data. The results showed significant spatial heterogeneity in aerosol characteristics and revealed the impacts of these particles on regional climate.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Inmaculada Foyo-Moreno, Ismael L. Lozano, Inmaculada Alados, Juan Luis Guerrero-Rascado
Summary: A new method (max-kt method) is proposed to estimate aerosol radiative forcing (ARF) on photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) using only solar position and global irradiance measurements, which are readily available at many radiometric stations worldwide. The method is based on the parameterization of the relationship between clearness index (kt) and solar position. The ARF values obtained using the new method are comparable to those calculated by widely employed physical models, confirming its validity. The method is particularly useful when the inputs required by the physical models are difficult to obtain.
ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Tyler J. Thorsen, David M. Winker, Richard A. Ferrare
Summary: This study quantified the lower bound of uncertainty in observational estimates of global aerosol direct radiative effect and direct radiative forcing, finding that most previous studies have underestimated the uncertainty. The potential reduction in observational uncertainty with future satellite observations leveraging aerosol typing and refined vertical information was also discussed.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Georgios A. Kelesidis, David Neubauer, Liang-Shih Fan, Ulrike Lohmann, Sotiris E. Pratsinis
Summary: The climate models may significantly underestimate the direct radiative forcing impact of black carbon (BC) due to their assumption of spherical BC morphology. However, simulations considering the realistic morphology and coatings of BC reveal high direct radiative forcing in East Asia, South Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, Western Africa, and the Arabian peninsula, indicating a significant regional climate warming contribution solely due to BC emissions.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ming Zhang, Shikuan Jin, Yingying Ma, Ruonan Fan, Lunche Wang, Wei Gong, Boming Liu
Summary: The study compared the aerosol optical and microphysical properties, as well as sub-band shortwave direct radiative forcing (DARF) in Beijing and Wuhan at different haze levels in winter. It was found that haze occurrence in Beijing is influenced by wind circulation and boundary layer, while relative humidity has a stronger impact on haze in Wuhan where hygroscopic growth of aerosol particles was observed. The increase of fine-mode non-absorbing particles was identified as the main characteristic of aerosol change during haze periods.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
U. A. Jongebloed, A. J. Schauer, J. Cole-Dai, C. G. Larrick, R. Wood, T. P. Fischer, S. A. Carn, S. Salimi, S. R. Edouard, S. Zhai, L. Geng, B. Alexander
Summary: The Arctic is warming at a rate four times faster than the global average. Anthropogenic aerosols have offset sixty percent of greenhouse-gas-induced warming in the Arctic, but the contribution of aerosols to radiative forcing presents the largest uncertainty in estimating total radiative forcing. Sulfur isotope measurements in a Greenland ice core reveal that passive volcanic degassing contributes a significant amount of preindustrial ice core sulfate, suggesting that the influence of passive volcanic sulfur emissions on the Arctic is underestimated.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Gaurav Govardhan, David Paynter, Venkatachalam Ramaswamy
Summary: The effective radiative forcing (ERF) of the internally mixed sulfate-black carbon (SBC) aerosol species in the GFDL AM4 model depends on the prescription of emission levels of other aerosol species, especially the emission conditions for organic carbon. The ERF of SBC is significantly affected by the presence of other aerosol species, particularly in regional hot spots such as East China. The aerosol-cloud interaction plays a major role in this dependence, while aerosol-radiation interactions are relatively independent. However, the global mean ERF of SBC is weakly dependent on the emissions of other anthropogenic aerosols.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Yaowei Li, John Dykema, Terry Deshler, Frank Keutsch
Summary: Observations and models show a significant organic component in stratospheric aerosols, but the optical properties and mixing state of this component with sulfuric acid are uncertain. Organic components could have substantial impacts on aerosol optical depth in the absence of large volcanic sulfur emissions. The range of shortwave radiative forcing results under different scenarios calls for better understanding of aerosol properties in the stratosphere.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jiecan Cui, Xiaoying Niu, Yang Chen, Yuxuan Xing, Shirui Yan, Jin Zhao, Lijun Chen, Shuaixi Xu, Dongyou Wu, Tenglong Shi, Xin Wang, Wei Pu
Summary: This study estimates and attributes the spatio-temporal variability in the radiative forcing of light-absorbing particles (LAPs) in snow over the northern hemisphere during the snow-covered period 2003-2018. The results show that the radiative forcing varies greatly across different regions and seasons, with the highest value in northeastern China and the lowest value in Greenland. The concentration of LAPs is the main contributor to spatial variability in spring, while snow water equivalent and solar irradiance play a more important role in winter.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xue Feng, Jiandong Wang, Shiwen Teng, Xiaofeng Xu, Bin Zhu, Jiaping Wang, Xijuan Zhu, Maxim A. Yurkin, Chao Liu
Summary: This study investigates how mixtures of black carbon and other absorbing aerosols affect their absorption properties, finding that different mixing states have varying effects on absorption, with internal mixing potentially weakening the absorption of black carbon at shorter wavelengths.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Fiona M. O'Connor, Ben T. Johnson, Omar Jamil, Timothy Andrews, Jane P. Mulcahy, James Manners
Summary: The increase in methane concentration leads to an effective radiative forcing, with direct methane contribution, indirect ozone and water vapor effects, and cloud radiative effect. There are improvements in the UKESM1 model in representing methane forcing compared to its predecessor model, highlighting the importance of chemistry-aerosol-cloud interactions in climate forcing.
JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Kazuhisa Tanada, Hiroshi Murakami, Tadahiro Hayasaka, Mayumi Yoshida
Summary: To understand the climate impact of wildfires, it is crucial to monitor aerosol emissions and estimate their optical properties and radiative forcing. This study used data from the SGLI satellite to analyze wildfires in several regions after 2018, showing the variations in aerosol optical properties and their relationship with humidity and burned vegetation. The study also estimated the radiative forcing of biomass burning aerosols during intense fire periods, revealing a significant cooling effect over the ocean and smaller values over land.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Shuangshuang Shi, Bin Zhu, Wen Lu, Shuqi Yan, Chenwei Fang, Xiaohui Liu, Duanyang Liu, Chao Liu
Summary: This study used a UAV platform to measure the vertical distribution of BC and PM2.5 in the boundary layer and found that different shapes of BC profiles were influenced by atmospheric thermodynamics and transport, impacting RF and HR.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jiecan Cui, Tenglong Shi, Yue Zhou, Dongyou Wu, Xin Wang, Wei Pu
Summary: This study used data from NASA's MODIS and the SNICAR model to quantify the reduction in snow albedo due to LAPs and incorporated the corrected data in the SBDART model to estimate Northern Hemisphere radiative forcing. The analysis revealed spatial variations in albedo reduction and radiative forcing, with the lowest values in the Arctic and the highest in northeastern China. Additionally, satellite-retrieved data show that LAP content of snow accounts for a large percentage of the spatial variability in albedo reduction and radiative forcing.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2021)
Review
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Douglas S. Hamilton, Morgane M. G. Perron, Tami C. Bond, Andrew R. Bowie, Rebecca R. Buchholz, Cecile Guieu, Akinori Ito, Willy Maenhaut, Stelios Myriokefalitakis, Nazli Olgun, Sagar D. Rathod, Kerstin Schepanski, Alessandro Tagliabue, Robert Wagner, Natalie M. Mahowald
Summary: Atmospheric deposition plays a crucial role in supplying nutrients to marine phytoplankton, which is the base of marine food webs. Understanding the spatial and temporal variability of nutrient-bearing aerosols from various sources and their impact on the ocean is essential for studying marine ecosystems.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alex R. Baker, Maria Kanakidou, Athanasios Nenes, Stelios Myriokefalitakis, Peter L. Croot, Robert A. Duce, Yuan Gao, Cecile Guieu, Akinori Ito, Tim D. Jickells, Natalie M. Mahowald, Rob Middag, Morgane M. G. Perron, Manmohan M. Sarin, Rachel Shelley, David R. Turner
Summary: Anthropogenic emissions have increased nutrient flux to the ocean and altered acidity levels in the marine atmosphere, affecting nutrient distribution and deposition, as well as ecosystem composition and overall marine productivity. These effects will continue to evolve with changing anthropogenic emissions in the future.
Review
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Akinori Ito, Ying Ye, Clarissa Baldo, Zongbo Shi
Summary: Aerosols supply bioaccessible iron to marine biota, impacting climate through biogeochemical feedbacks. Research shows that pyrogenic aerosol iron has higher solubility than lithogenic aerosol, with a significant contribution to atmospheric supply of dissolved iron to the ocean. Models suggest pyrogenic iron enhances marine productivity more efficiently than lithogenic sources, but quantifying its impact on marine biogeochemical cycles under changing air quality and climate remains challenging.
NPJ CLIMATE AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Akitomo Yamamoto, Tomohiro Hajima, Dai Yamazaki, Maki Noguchi Aita, Akinori Ito, Michio Kawamiya
Summary: The effects of increased nutrient inputs from human activities on ocean biogeochemistry are of similar magnitude to climate change effects. However, current widely used Earth system models do not fully consider these effects, leading to biased model simulations.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Syuichi Itahashi, Shohei Hattori, Akinori Ito, Yasuhiro Sadanaga, Naohiro Yoshida, Atsushi Matsuki
Summary: This study improves the modeling of SO42??? formation processes using the mass-independent oxygen isotopic composition [17O-excess; ??17O(SO42???)], and highlights the importance of dust and high metal solubility in the formation of SO42??? in the region downstream of China.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Geography, Physical
Adeyemi Adebiyi, Jasper F. Kok, Benjamin J. Murray, Claire L. Ryder, Jan-Berend W. Stuut, Ralph A. Kahn, Peter Knippertz, Paola Formenti, Natalie M. Mahowald, Carlos Perez Garcia-Pando, Martina Klose, Albert Ansmann, Bjorn H. Samset, Akinori Ito, Yves Balkanski, Claudia Di Biagio, Manolis N. Romanias, Yue Huang, Jun Meng
Summary: Mineral dust particles with a wide range of diameters, from <0.1 μm to >100 μm, have unique interactions with various aspects of the Earth system. Coarse and supercoarse dust aerosols, defined as particles with diameters of 2.5-10 μm and 10-62.5 μm, have been found to be transported farther and more abundant than previously thought. These aerosols have significant impacts on dust-radiation interactions, dust-cloud interactions, atmospheric chemistry, and biogeochemistry. Recommendations have been made to improve the representation of coarse and supercoarse dust aerosols in models and remote sensing retrievals. Accurate representation of these aerosols is critical for understanding their impacts on the Earth system.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Akinori Ito, Takuma Miyakawa
Summary: Atmospheric iron from various sources, including human activities, rocks, and fires, has impacts on ocean fertilization, climate change, and human health. However, the attribution of iron-laden aerosols to specific sources remains uncertain. This study investigates the large uncertainties in model estimates by considering different iron emissions from metal production. The results suggest that accurate representation of aerosol iron from metal production is crucial for reducing uncertainties in bioaccessible iron deposition fluxes to the Southern Ocean.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Akinori Ito, Yuzo Miyazaki, Fumikazu Taketani, Yoko Iwamoto, Yugo Kanaya
Summary: Human activities have extensively influenced air quality and global climate in the Anthropocene. It is necessary to quantitatively assess the impact of human activities on marine ecosystems and climate via feedbacks in biogeochemical cycles. Atmospheric aerosols over the Pacific Ocean are greatly influenced by anthropogenic, marine and terrestrial biogenic, pyrogenic, and lithogenic sources. Understanding the effects of anthropogenic and biogeochemical activities on marine cloud properties and climate, as well as the influence of atmospheric nutrient deposition on marine biogeochemistry and ecosystems, is crucial.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Akinori Ito, Takuma Miyakawa
Summary: Atmospheric iron from various sources has implications for ocean fertilization, climate change, and human health risk. However, there are significant uncertainties in determining the sources of iron-laden aerosols. This study investigates these uncertainties using different emissions from metal production. The findings highlight the importance of accurately representing aerosol iron from metal production to reduce uncertainties in iron deposition fluxes to the Southern Ocean.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Clarissa Baldo, Akinori Ito, Michael D. Krom, Weijun Li, Tim Jones, Nick Drake, Konstantin Ignatyev, Nicholas Davidson, Zongbo Shi
Summary: Mineral dust and atmospheric coal fly ash are important sources of aerosol iron in the offshore global ocean. The dissolution rate of CFA in an acidic environment is found to be faster than that of a Saharan dust precursor sample; the effect of oxalate-promoted dissolution is suppressed in the presence of high concentrations of (NH4)(2)SO4.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Stelios Myriokefalitakis, Elisa Bergas-Masso, Maria Goncalves-Ageitos, Carlos Perez Garcia-Pando, Twan van Noije, Philippe Le Sager, Akinori Ito, Eleni Athanasopoulou, Athanasios Nenes, Maria Kanakidou, Maarten C. Krol, Evangelos Gerasopoulos
Summary: Understanding the impact of multiphase processes on the iron-containing aerosol cycle is crucial for predicting changes in ocean biogeochemistry and climate feedback. In this study, the EC-Earth Earth system model is used to simulate the global atmospheric oxalate, sulfate, and iron cycles with a comprehensive representation of multiphase chemistry. The results are supported by comparisons with observations, and provide insights into the links between different processes and atmospheric composition.
GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Akinori Ito, Adeyemi A. Adebiyi, Yue Huang, Jasper F. Kok
Summary: Mineral dust aerosols impact the atmosphere by scattering and absorbing solar and thermal radiation, leading to cooling and warming effects. However, uncertainties in dust radiative effects persist due to differences in dust size distribution and optical properties simulated in Earth system models. Adjusting dust properties in simulations can lead to changes in global aerosol optical depth and radiative cooling effects.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Minako Kurisu, Kohei Sakata, Mitsuo Uematsu, Akinori Ito, Yoshio Takahashi
Summary: This study aimed to distinguish aerosol Fe sources in the northwestern Pacific using Fe isotope ratios, finding that combustion Fe contribution is higher in air masses from East Asia and has higher solubility. Combustion Fe plays an important role in controlling the fractional Fe solubility in air masses from East Asia, while other factors are more influential in other areas. Observational data on Fe isotopes for aerosols are necessary for accurate estimation of combustion Fe emissions in atmospheric models.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jasper F. Kok, Adeyemi A. Adebiyi, Samuel Albani, Yves Balkanski, Ramiro Checa-Garcia, Mian Chin, Peter R. Colarco, Douglas S. Hamilton, Yue Huang, Akinori Ito, Martina Klose, Danny M. Leung, Longlei Li, Natalie M. Mahowald, Ron L. Miller, Vincenzo Obiso, Carlos Perez Garcia-Pando, Adriana Rocha-Lima, Jessica S. Wan, Chloe A. Whicker
Summary: The researchers developed a new methodology using inverse modeling to improve the representation of the global dust cycle, finding that the emission flux of dust is greater than many models account for. Their results show the need for more accurate datasets to quantify the impact of dust on the Earth system.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jasper F. Kok, Adeyemi A. Adebiyi, Samuel Albani, Yves Balkanski, Ramiro Checa-Garcia, Mian Chin, Peter R. Colarco, Douglas S. Hamilton, Yue Huang, Akinori Ito, Martina Klose, Longlei Li, Natalie M. Mahowald, Ron L. Miller, Vincenzo Obiso, Carlos Perez Garcia-Pando, Adriana Rocha-Lima, Jessica S. Wan
Summary: This study constrained the relative contributions of major dust source regions to the global dust cycle, finding that North African and Asian regions are the main contributors, and dust loading peaks in local spring and summer. The data obtained in this paper can be used to improve constraints on dust impacts on clouds, climate, biogeochemical cycles, and other parts of the Earth system.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2021)
