Journal
MATERIALS
Volume 11, Issue 3, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ma11030360
Keywords
titanium substrate; surface electrostatic potential; TiO2 nanoparticles; tumor cell death; reactive oxygen species; in vitro
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Funding
- Russian Science Foundation [16-15-10031]
- Russian Academy of Science [23.2.5]
- Russian Science Foundation [16-15-10031] Funding Source: Russian Science Foundation
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The response of the human Jurkat T cell leukemia-derived cell line (Jurkat T cells) after 24 h of in vitro exposure to a titanium substrate (12 x 12 x 1 mm(3)) with a bilateral rough (R-a = 2.2-3.7 mu m) titanium oxide coating (rTOC) applied using the micro-arc method in a 20% orthophosphoric acid solution was studied. A 1.5-fold down-regulation of hTERT mRNA expression and decreases in CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD95 presentation and IL-4 and TNF alpha secretion were observed. Jurkat T cell inactivation was not correlated with the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and was not mediated by TiO2 nanoparticles with a diameter of 14 +/- 8 nm at doses of 1 mg/L or 10 mg/L. The inhibitory effect of the rTOC (R-a = 2.2-3.7 mu m) on the survival of Jurkat T cells (Spearman's coefficient r(s) = -0.95; n = 9; p < 0.0001) was demonstrated by an increase in the necrotic cell count among the cell population. In turn, an elevation of the Ra index of the rTOC was accompanied by a linear increase (r = 0.6; p < 0.000001, n = 60) in the magnitude of the negative electrostatic potential of the titanium oxide surface. Thus, the roughness of the rTOC induces an electrostatic potential and decreases the viability of the immortalized Jurkat T cells through mechanisms unrelated to ROS generation. This may be useful for replacement surgery applications of rough TiO2 implants in cancer patients.
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