Journal
CHEMICAL SCIENCE
Volume 9, Issue 4, Pages 841-849Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03712k
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Funding
- Cancer Research UK [C5255/A15935]
- Medical Research Council Confidence in Concept award
- Medical Research Council programme grant [MC_PC_12001/1]
- University of Oxford Goodger Scholarship
- EPSRC Prize Fellowship
- EPSRC
- EPSRC [EP/M015572/1, EP/L024012/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- MRC [MC_UU_00001/1, MC_EX_MR/K022830/1, MC_PC_15029, MC_PC_12001/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Cancer Research UK [22906] Funding Source: researchfish
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council [EP/M015572/1, 1614878, EP/L024012/1] Funding Source: researchfish
- Medical Research Council [MC_PC_15029, MC_PC_12001/1, MC_UU_00001/1, MC_EX_MR/K022830/1] Funding Source: researchfish
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Substitutionally inert ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes have been developed as DNA intercalating agents yet cellular DNA damage responses to this binding modality are largely unexplored. Here, we show the nuclear-targeting complex [Ru(phen)(2)(tpphz)](2+) (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, tpphz = tetrapyridophenazine) generates rapid and pronounced stalling of replication fork progression in p53-deficient human oesophageal cancer cells. In response, replication stress and double-strand break (DSB) DNA damage response (DDR) pathways are activated and cell proliferation is inhibited by growth arrest. Moreover, mitotic progression is compromised by [Ru(phen)(2)(tpphz)](2+), where the generation of metaphase chromosome spindle attachment failure results in spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) activation. This dual mechanism of action results in preferential growth inhibition of rapidly-proliferating oesophageal cancer cells with elevated mitotic indices. In addition to these single-agent effects, [Ru(phen)(2)(tpphz)](2+) functions as a radiosensitizer with efficiency comparable to cisplatin, which occurs through a synergistic enhancement of DNA damage. These results establish that DNA replication is the target for [Ru(phen)(2)(tpphz)](2+) and provide the first experimental evidence that ruthenium-based intercalation targets multiple genome integrity pathways in cancer cells, thereby achieving enhanced selectivity compared to existing DNA-damaging agents such as cisplatin.
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