Journal
TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
Volume 71, Issue -, Pages 138-148Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.tust.2017.07.019
Keywords
2016 Kumamoto Earthquake; Tawarayama tunnel; Seismic damage; Influencing factor
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51379117]
- China Scholarship Council (CSC) [201508370077]
- Kumamoto River and National Highway Office, Kyushu Regional Development Bureau, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
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The Kumamoto Earthquake with magnitude of 7.3(Mj) on April 16 and 6.5(Mj) on April 14, 2016 have triggered numerous damages to the Tawarayama Tunnel in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. Distribution and characteristics of these seismic damages were investigated and summarized to assess potential influencing factors. Seismic damages are categorized into five patterns as follows: lining cracks, spalling and collapse of concrete lining, construction joint damage, pavement damage and groundwater leakage. Lining cracks can be further classified into ring crack, longitudinal crack, transverse crack and inclined crack. Site investigation showed the primary seismic damage was lining crack, especially ring crack. In special, an interesting phenomenon was observed that ring cracks occurred with an estimated average spacing of 10.0 m in 23.4% spans of the Tawarayama Tunnel. This results from the interaction between seismic wave and special geological conditions that dense Andesite and crushed Andesite around the Tawarayama Tunnel appear in tilt alternately with space between 10 m and 20,m. Following these analysis, some recommendations were proposed for future tunnel planning.
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