Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yoon-Seok Seo, Jung-Min Park, Jae-Hyeong Kim, Moo-Yeol Lee
Summary: Smoking is a significant risk factor for various diseases due to the production of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS). This review focuses on how cigarette smoke promotes the formation of ROS and provides key mechanisms involved.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jiuchun Qiu, Daiqi Liu, Pengsha Li, Lingling Zhou, Lu Zhou, Xing Liu, Yue Zhang, Meng Yuan, Gary Tse, Guangping Li, Tong Liu
Summary: Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction play important roles in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study established a type 2 diabetes model and found that inhibiting NADPH oxidase can improve ventricular remodeling and reduce the incidence of DCM.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Leticia Guadalupe Fragoso-Morales, Jose Correa-Basurto, Martha Cecilia Rosales-Hernandez
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is a major human dementia characterized by memory loss associated with oxidative stress in brain cells. Overexpression of NADPH oxidase in AD leads to the production of large amounts of reactive oxygen species, damaging brain cells and vasculature, making it a potential therapeutic target for AD.
Article
Neurosciences
Matthew T. Keeney, Eric K. Hoffman, Kyle Farmer, Christopher R. Bodle, Marco Fazzari, Alevtina Zharikov, Sandra L. Castro, Xiaoping Hu, Amanda Mortimer, Julia K. Kofler, Eugenia Cifuentes-Pagano, Patrick J. Pagano, Edward A. Burton, Teresa G. Hastings, J. Timothy Greenamyre, Roberto Di Maio
Summary: Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress play important roles in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease, and mitochondrially-generated superoxide can activate NOX2. The study found that both neuronal and microglial NOX2 are highly activated in substantia nigra in chronic conditions, but only neuronal NOX2 is activated in acute and sub-acute models, suggesting its primary role in the early stages of the disease.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Caspar Schiffers, Niki L. Reynaert, Emiel F. M. Wouters, Albert van der Vliet
Summary: With the aging population, the incidence of age-related lung diseases like COPD is increasing, although antioxidant supplementation strategies have had limited success in mitigating disease progression. Reactive oxygen species are believed to play a crucial role in aging, and the role of NADPH oxidase enzymes in age-related lung diseases remains largely unexplored.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Mohamed A. A. Morsy, Seham A. A. Abdel-Gaber, Sahar A. A. Mokhemer, Mahmoud Kandeel, Wael F. F. Sedik, Anroop B. B. Nair, Katharigatta N. N. Venugopala, Hany Ezzat Khalil, Bandar E. E. Al-Dhubiab, Mervat Z. Z. Mohamed
Summary: The current study aimed to investigate the cardioprotective potential of pregnenolone against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. The results showed that pregnenolone could alleviate the side effects of doxorubicin on the heart, including histopathological changes and elevated levels of creatine kinase-MB and lactate dehydrogenase. Moreover, pregnenolone exhibited antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects, contributing to its cardioprotection in doxorubicin-treated rats.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shih-Heng Chen, Shuangyu Han, Chih-Fen Hu, Ran Zhou, Yun Gao, Dezhen Tu, Huiming Gao, Jing Feng, Yubao Wang, Ru-Band Lu, Jau-Shyong Hong
Summary: Recent studies have found that improper resolution of acute neuroinflammation can lead to long-lasting low-grade chronic neuroinflammation and progressive neurodegeneration. This study aimed to identify the potential pathways mediating chronic neuroinflammation and resultant neurodegeneration following LPS stimulation. The results showed that TLR-4 activation, which is essential for acute neuroinflammation, is not sufficient for maintaining chronic neuroinflammation. Instead, the MAC1-NOX2-ERK1/2 signaling pathway plays a crucial role in the initiation and maintenance of low-grade chronic neuroinflammation. Continuous activation of ERK1/2 and NOX2 in microglia forms a vicious cycle, sustaining the low-grade neuroinflammation and driving neurodegeneration.
Article
Cell Biology
Biljana Musicki, Serkan Karakus, Justin D. La Favor, Haolin Chen, Fabio H. Silva, Mikael Sturny, Barry R. Zirkin, Arthur L. Burnett
Summary: The study suggests that stimulating the production of endogenous testosterone can help reduce priapism in patients with SCD without affecting fertility. This treatment approach may work by activating TSPO, restoring phosphodiesterase 5 activity, and reducing oxidative stress levels.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Yuri Zilberter, Dennis R. Tabuena, Misha Zilberter
Summary: Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) causing cognitive impairment and dementia are difficult to treat due to a lack of understanding of their primary initiating factors. Recent research suggests that early oxidative stress caused by NADPH oxidase (NOX) activation may be a shared initiating mechanism among major sporadic NDDs. This study focuses on Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and acquired epilepsy, and explores the commonalities in neuroinflammation and NOX involvement to identify therapeutic targets and gain a deeper understanding of the underlying causes of NDDs.
PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aishwarya R. Vaidya, Nina Wolska, Dina Vara, Reiner K. Mailer, Katrin Schroder, Giordano Pula
Summary: Diabetes mellitus is the fifth most common cause of death globally, with type 2 diabetes being the most prevalent form. Diabetes patients have a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease, largely due to platelet hyperactivity.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Keum-Jin Yang, Won Jung Choi, Yoon-Kyung Chang, Cheol Whee Park, Suk Young Kim, Yu Ah Hong
Summary: Xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibition showed renoprotective effects in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) by inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and NADPH oxidase (NOX) and reducing oxidative stress. This study provides important insights into the therapeutic potential of XO inhibition in DKD.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Timothy Fabisiak, Manisha Patel
Summary: Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress play important roles in the pathophysiology of epilepsy. They have significant crosstalk and influence each other through various mechanisms, affecting epileptic processes and disease outcomes. Treatment strategies targeting oxidative stress and redox regulation may help control neuroinflammation and improve patient outcomes.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Simona-Adriana Manea, Mihaela-Loredana Vlad, Alexandra-Gela Lazar, Horia Muresian, Maya Simionescu, Adrian Manea
Summary: Dysregulated epigenetic mechanisms, specifically LSD1/KDM1A, play a crucial role in atherosclerosis by promoting oxidative stress and inflammation. Inhibition of LSD1 effectively reduces the extent of atherosclerotic lesions and decreases markers of immune cell infiltration and vascular inflammation, making it a potential therapeutic target.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Julio C. Padovan, Thales M. H. Dourado, Gustavo F. Pimenta, Thiago Bruder-Nascimento, Carlos R. Tirapelli
Summary: High consumption of ethanol increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases, particularly arterial hypertension. Ethanol-induced hypertension is a complex event involving oxidative stress as a hallmark of vascular dysfunction. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role in triggering various pathological processes, including intracellular calcium accumulation, reduced bioavailability of nitric oxide, activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases, endothelial dysfunction, and loss of the anticontractile effect of perivascular adipose tissue.
Article
Plant Sciences
Lei Liu, Yanchao Sun, Meijing Zhang, Ruixiang Liu, Xiaming Wu, Yanping Chen, Jianhua Yuan
Summary: This study found that BR treatment can increase the kinase activity of ZmBSK1, which in turn induces the production of H2O2. Specifically, ZmBSK1 regulates the gene expressions and activities of NADPH oxidases through phosphorylating ZmCCaMK. Genetic analysis also showed that the ZmBSK1-ZmCCaMK module enhances plant tolerance to oxidative stress induced by H2O2.
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Francesco Violi, Cristina Nocella, Lorenzo Loffredo, Roberto Carnevale, Pasquale Pignatelli
Summary: Vitamin E possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that have an impact on atherosclerosis and thrombus formation, but intervention trials have yielded negative results.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2022)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Lorenzo Loffredo, Alessia Fallarino, Aurora Paraninfi, Fernanda Pacella, Elena Pacella, Alessandra Oliva, Francesco Violi
INTERNAL AND EMERGENCY MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Allergy
Giulia Brindisi, Massimiliano Marazzato, Francesca Brunetti, Giovanna De Castro, Lorenzo Loffredo, Roberto Carnevale, Bianca Cinicola, Anna Teresa Palamara, Maria Pia Conte, Anna Maria Zicari
Summary: This study evaluated the influence of passive smoke exposure and cotinine levels on nasal obstruction and microbial composition in children with allergic rhinitis. The results showed that passive smoke exposure led to decreased nasal flow and changes in microbial composition, while cotinine levels were associated with specific bacterial taxa abundance and nasal flow.
PEDIATRIC ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Hematology
Francesco Barilla, Vittoria Cammisotto, Simona Bartimoccia, Lorenzo Loffredo, Cristina Nocella, Noemi Bruno, Concetta Torromeo, Paolo Rosa, Nicola Viceconte, Pasquale Pignatelli, Carlo Gaudio, Roberto Carnevale, Francesco Violi
Summary: This study provides evidence that platelet toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is activated in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and suggests circulating lipopolysaccharides (LPS) as a potential trigger.
THROMBOSIS RESEARCH
(2022)
Letter
Hematology
Lorenzo Loffredo, Augusto Di Castelnuovo, Giovanni Alfonso Chiariello, Pasquale Pignatelli, Francesco Violi
Article
Ophthalmology
Edoardo Trovato Battagliola, Pietro Mangiantini, Mattia D'Andrea, Mariaelena Malvasi, Lorenzo Loffredo, Sergio Zaccaria Scalinci, Anna Maria Comberiati, Raffaele Migliorini, Elena Pacella
Summary: This retrospective study shows a significant increase in myopia prevalence among Italian children aged 5-12 following the COVID-19 lockdown, accompanied by a significant decrease in hyperopia prevalence. The lifestyle changes caused by the lockdown, such as increased near-work activities and digital device use and decreased outdoor time, are known risk factors for the development and progression of myopia. Further studies in different countries are encouraged.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Roberto Carnevale, Vittoria Cammisotto, Simona Bartimoccia, Cristina Nocella, Valentina Castellani, Marianna Bufano, Lorenzo Loffredo, Sebastiano Sciarretta, Giacomo Frati, Antonio Coluccia, Romano Silvestri, Giancarlo Ceccarelli, Alessandra Oliva, Mario Venditti, Francesco Pugliese, Claudio Maria Mastroianni, Ombretta Turriziani, Martina Leopizzi, Giulia D'Amati, Pasquale Pignatelli, Francesco Violi
Summary: This study identified two pathways, TLR4-dependent and independent, that promote platelet-dependent thrombus growth. It suggests that inhibiting TLR4 or p47phox could be a strategy to counteract thrombosis in SARS-CoV-2.
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Lorenzo Loffredo, Pasquale Pignatelli, Matteo Pirro, Giancarlo Ceccarelli, Alessandra Oliva, Enrico Maggio, Francesca Cancelli, Damiano D'Ardes, Maria Amitrano, Anna Maria Zicari, Bianca Laura Cinicola, Gloria Taliani, Roberto Cangemi, Miriam Lichtner, Marco Falcone, Federica Orlando, Francesco Pugliese, Mario Venditti, Claudio Maria Mastroianni, Francesco Violi
Summary: The P/F ratio is associated with thrombotic events in COVID-19 patients. A low P/F ratio is associated with thrombocytosis, which may lead to clot formation. This study suggests that the P/F ratio is closely related to thrombotic events in patients with COVID-19.
INTERNAL AND EMERGENCY MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Gerald Chi, Francesco Violi, Pasquale Pignatelli, Annarita Vestri, Alessandra Spagnoli, Lorenzo Loffredo, Adrian F. Hernandez, Russell D. Hull, Alexander T. Cohen, Robert A. Harrington, Samuel Z. Goldhaber, C. Michael Gibson
Summary: The ADA score was validated for predicting thrombosis in a non-COVID-19 medically ill population. The score demonstrated good calibration for both arterial and venous thrombosis and was modestly superior to the IMPROVE score for venous thrombosis. However, there was no significant difference between the ADA and IMPROVE scores in discriminating arterial thrombosis. The findings support the use of either score for thrombosis risk assessment.
JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND THROMBOLYSIS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Federica Pulvirenti, Bianca Laura Cinicola, Simona Ferrari, Daniele Guadagnolo, Eleonora Sculco, Martina Capponi, Lorenzo Loffredo, Maddalena Sciannamea, Antonella Insalaco, Isabella Quinti, Fabrizio De Benedetti, Anna Maria Zicari
Summary: Deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 (DADA2) is a rare systemic autoinflammatory disease caused by mutations in the ADA2 gene. This case study describes the phenotypic variability in DADA2, including fever, vasculitis, stroke, and hematologic dysfunction. Treatment with anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy improved the clinical features. The study also suggests that heterozygous pathogenic variants may contribute to inflammation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cristina Nocella, Alessandra D'Amico, Vittoria Cammisotto, Simona Bartimoccia, Valentina Castellani, Lorenzo Loffredo, Leonardo Marini, Giulia Ferrara, Matteo Testa, Giulio Motta, Beatrice Benazzi, Fabio Zara, Giacomo Frati, Sebastiano Sciarretta, Pasquale Pignatelli, Francesco Violi, Roberto Carnevale
Summary: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX) is an enzyme complex that generates superoxide or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and plays a crucial role in various biological functions. Among its isoforms, NOX2 is widely expressed in different cell types and is involved in regulating immunity and pathologies associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. Modulating NOX2 activity is an important therapeutic strategy to reduce damage caused by its hyperactivation. This review analyzes the mechanisms of NOX2 activation and regulation, its role in innate immunity, pathologies associated with its hyperactivation, and the latest inhibitory strategies.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bianca Laura Cinicola, Ilaria Maria Palumbo, Arianna Pannunzio, Roberto Carnevale, Simona Bartimoccia, Vittoria Cammisotto, Martina Capponi, Giulia Brindisi, Francesca Salvatori, Francesco Barilla, Francesco Martino, Alessandra D'Amico, Roberto Poscia, Alberto Spalice, Anna Maria Zicari, Francesco Violi, Lorenzo Loffredo
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the behavior of low grade endotoxemia, oxidative stress and platelet activation in offspring of patients with early myocardial infarction. The results showed that offspring of patients with early myocardial infarction had higher levels of LPS, oxidative stress and platelet activation, and lower nitric oxide bioavailability. These findings suggest that offspring of patients with early myocardial infarction have low grade endotoxemia that could generate oxidative stress and platelet activation, increasing their cardiovascular risk.
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Paolo Ciacci, Aurora Paraninfi, Federica Orlando, Silvia Rella, Enrico Maggio, Alessandra Oliva, Roberto Cangemi, Roberto Carnevale, Simona Bartimoccia, Vittoria Cammisotto, Alessandra D'Amico, Arianna Magna, Cristina Nocella, Claudio Maria Mastroianni, Pasquale Pignatelli, Francesco Violi, Lorenzo Loffredo
Summary: This study found that patients with COVID-19 have endothelial dysfunction, which is related to poor prognosis. The study also investigated the interplay among flow-mediated dilation (FMD), NADPH oxidase type 2 (NOX-2), and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in hospitalized patients, including those with COVID-19 pneumonia (CP), community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), and controls (CT). The results showed that COVID-19 patients had higher levels of LPS, sNOX2-dp, H2O2, TNF-α, IL-6, and zonulin, while FMD, HBA, and NO bioavailability were lower. Linear regression analysis demonstrated a negative correlation between FMD and sNOX2-dp, H2O2, TNF-α, IL-6, LPS, and zonulin, and a positive correlation with NO bioavailability and HBA. Multiple linear regression analysis identified LPS as the only predictor of FMD.
MICROVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Enrico Maggio, Valeria Proietti Bocchini, Roberto Carnevale, Pasquale Pignatelli, Francesco Violi, Lorenzo Loffredo
Summary: A previous study found that vitamin E is effective in reducing the incidence of myocardial infarction only when taken without other antioxidants. It is unclear if it has the same effect on stroke. This meta-analysis compares the effect of vitamin E supplementation alone or combined with other antioxidants on the incidence of stroke.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Vittorio Picchio, Giulio Ferrero, Claudia Cozzolino, Barbara Pardini, Erica Floris, Sonia Tarallo, Xhulio Dhori, Cristina Nocella, Lorenzo Loffredo, Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai, Roberto Carnevale, Giacomo Frati, Isotta Chimenti, Francesca Pagano
Summary: This study defines for the first time the miRNA profile in the serum of chronic exclusive heat-not-burn cigarette smokers and suggests a significant impact of heat-not-burn cigarettes on circulating miRNAs.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2023)
