Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Andrey Malkovskiy, Ariane Tom, Lydia-Marie Joubert, Zhenan Bao
Summary: CLARITY is a tissue preservation and optical clearing technique that forms a hydrogel directly within ex vivo brain tissue. In this study, Raman spectroscopy and rheology were used to evaluate the extent of polymer gel formation and crosslinking in CLARITY samples with different concentrations of acrylamide monomer (AAm). The results showed that the presence and distribution of polyacrylamide in individual neurons could be observed using Raman spectroscopy. In addition, lower concentrations of AAm resulted in a decrease in shear elastic modulus, indicating higher sample permeability and protein retention.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Veena Bobade, Tanmoy Das, Shane P. Usher, Damian McMurrich, Anthony D. Stickland, Nicky Eshtiaghi
Summary: This paper presents measurements of the physical and mechanical properties of scum and sludge samples from covered anaerobic lagoons. The results show that scum accumulation is mainly caused by sludge flotation and buoyancy due to biogas generation. Scum contains a large proportion of undigested solids and has similar organic matter composition as sludge. Scum compaction and strength increase due to gas buoyancy, and early disturbance of the scum layer can minimize the impact of scum formation.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Carlos Herrera, John F. Cassidy, Stan E. Dosso, Jan Dettmer, Wasja Bloch, Christian Sippl, Pablo Salazar
Summary: The study reveals the spatial variability of crustal stress in northern Chile, showing a margin-parallel compressive stress regime along the coast and a strike-slip faulting regime in the Andean Precordillera. The results suggest a connection between these stress regimes and seismic events.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Industrial
Shangyu Huang, Zhenglei Rui, Zuopeng Xie
Summary: In this study, a magnetic pulse-assisted semi-solid brazing (MPASSB) method for Cu/Al tubes was proposed to effectively remove oxide film and ensure the metallurgical bonding and joint performance. The interface joining characteristics under different mechanical conditions were controlled by designing a field shaper with a specific taper angle. The relationship between deformation behavior, interface element diffusion, and metallurgical bonding was analyzed. The study also discussed the mechanical mechanism of oxide film removal. The results showed that metallurgical bonding and element diffusion depended on the interface compressive stress and the shear rheology of the filler metal.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Andre Pincot, F. John Burpo, Elahe Javadi, Safa Jamali, Sean Farrington, Matthew J. Armstrong
Summary: A distinctive stress hysteresis phenomenon is observed in human blood rheology, which is related to the longer characteristic time of shear-induced rouleaux breakdown. The hysteresis data is used to fit parameters of the t-ESSTV model, which can predict various blood flow characteristics under different conditions. The correlation between fitting parameters and physiological data helps interpret the model behavior in physical terms.
Article
Thermodynamics
Zhihua Ge, Wanggang Fang, Shunjiang Wang, Junhong Hao, Yunxi Yang, Liang Tian, Jian Sun, Fang Dong
Summary: The intelligent heating system improves heating efficiency and promotes renewable energy utilization for the realization of the dual-carbon strategy. This paper presents a dynamic model based on standardized thermal resistance to simulate key components and construct an overall dynamic heat current model. The model comprehensively reflects the heat transfer, storage, and delay characteristics of the heat exchanger, piping, and building. An iterative method is proposed to develop heating strategies for quality regulation. The user-following strategy has the highest energy-saving potential of 25.27% compared to the all-day strategy. Additionally, five different heating strategies are proposed for energy-saving operation, with the trapezoid type achieving the highest energy-saving ratio of 9.41%.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhihua Pang, Fang Tong, Siyuan Jiang, Cunshe Chen, Xinqi Liu
Summary: This study investigates the effects of heat treatment and flaxseed gum (FG) on the properties of commercial spray dried soy protein isolate (SPI). SPI dispersions were prepared at different mass ratios and protein concentrations. Heat treatment at different temperatures resulted in changes in particle size, hydrophobicity, viscosity, and physical stability of the protein dispersions. Addition of FG led to increases in particle size, zeta potential, and hydrophobicity, and a decrease in viscosity. The physical stability of the mixed system was improved at low FG concentrations but decreased at higher concentrations, particularly after 100 degrees C heat treatment. FG incorporation enhanced the boundary lubrication of the protein solutions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Manuel Felix, Zulema Camacho-Ocana, M. Luisa Lopez-Castejon, Manuela Ruiz-Dominguez
Summary: The scientific community is focusing on replacing meat-based foods with new plant-based matrixes. Quinoa, as a pseudo-cereal, has drawn interest due to its amino acid profile and bioactive properties. This study found that proper QF-based gels can be obtained at specific QF concentrations and temperatures.
FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
Yul Hui Shim, Simon A. Rogers
Summary: Graphene oxide (GO) has gained attention for its unique properties and applications in materials science and engineering, including DIW printing of three-dimensional structures. Understanding the yielding behavior of GO colloids is important for developing efficient and effective printing inks. In this study, the yielding behavior of GO colloids was investigated through oscillatory rheology, and the recoverable and unrecoverable responses were analyzed to determine the storage and dissipation of energies. This study contributes to the understanding of out-of-equilibrium rheological physics and provides guidelines for energy efficiency in soft material printing.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Nicolo R. Sgreva, Anna Massmeyer, Anne Davaille
Summary: Geophysical imaging techniques and numerical models have shown that the surface uplift above the Altiplano-Puna Magma Body (APMB) can be explained by the presence and propagation of a diapir from the top of the APMB itself. This study models the deformation in the crustal region above and around the APMB using a viscoplastic rheology. The results provide insights into the rheological properties of the heterogeneous crust and the conditions for diapir growth and rise.
GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Abigail K. Grosskopf, Olivia A. Saouaf, Hector Lopez Hernandez, Eric A. Appel
Summary: A comprehensive analysis of polymer-nanoparticle hydrogels reveals that stoichiometry plays a key role in the gelation and yielding process, enabling the development of formulations with unique properties. This opens up new potential applications in various fields such as tissue engineering and drug delivery.
JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ehsan Aliabadian, Sajjad Esmaeili, Soheil Sadeghi, Brij Maini, Uttandaraman Sundararaj, Zhangxin Chen
Summary: This study investigates the transport behavior of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) in porous media through rotational and oscillatory rheometry, sand-pack experiments, and numerical simulation. The results demonstrate the significant correlation between polymer transport and the ratio of radius gyration of the polymer molecules to pore size distribution in porous media. The outcomes of this study are valuable for designing efficient chemical enhanced oil recovery methods.
Review
Engineering, Chemical
Yiming Peng, Cise Unluer
Summary: This study systematically discusses the recent advances in measurement and characterization methods of rheological properties of fresh cement pastes using rheometers as measurement tools. It highlights the importance of adopting appropriate testing methods and provides insights into different rheological characteristics of cement pastes. This research is significant for researchers and practitioners in the field of rheology as it helps them understand and choose suitable testing methods for different project requirements.
Article
Electrochemistry
Pengfei Zhang, Qiang Wang, Wei Qiu, Lu Feng
Summary: Experimental studies have shown that lithium battery electrodes with multi-layer active plates have high capacity and rate capability. The performance of these electrodes is closely related to the mechanical response, influenced by Li-ion transport. This study theoretically investigated diffusion and induced stress in a silicon-graphene layered composite electrode, providing detailed descriptions and analytical solutions. The findings suggest that diffusion contact resistance increases stress in the electrode, which should be minimized, and material properties have a significant impact on composite electrode performance.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Yu-Chao Li, Zong-Pei Wu, Ze-Hao Zong, Xue-Zheng Cao
Summary: This study found that segments of a stiff nanoring (SNR) exhibit more facilitated subdiffusion than those belonging to a flexible counterpart, while the whole SNR is more suppressed by its surroundings. Adding SNRs contributes to achieving sol and gel-like characteristics at high and low shearing frequencies, respectively. This study suggests the promising prospect of exploiting SNRs to concurrently strengthen and toughen target polymer nanocomposites.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
B. M. Spencer, J. R. Thigpen, R. D. Law, C. A. Mako, C. S. McDonald, K. V. Hodges, K. T. Ashley
Summary: New 40Ar/39Ar thermochronological and deformation temperature analyses in the Scandian orogenic retrowedge of northern Scotland demonstrate accelerated cooling during late syn- to post-orogenic exhumation of the high-grade orogenic core. The study suggests that the rapid exhumation in the orogenic core may have been partially enhanced by upper crustal extensional deformation.
JOURNAL OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Lara S. Wagner, Mark J. Caddick, Abhash Kumar, Susan L. Beck, Maureen D. Long
FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
(2020)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Anne A. Haws, Paul G. Starr, Besim Dragovic, Marco Scambelluri, Donato Belmonte, Mark J. Caddick, Kirkland S. Broadwell, Jay J. Ague, Ethan F. Baxter
Summary: The study investigates the metamorphic history of subduction metamorphism and dehydration in serpentinites using meta-rodingites from the Voltri Ophiolite in Italy. Results indicate metamorphic recrystallization of the meta-rodingites at temperatures ranging from 450-600 degrees Celsius and a late prograde to peak metamorphic age of approximately 40.6 million years ago. The presence of a sedimentary signature in the fluids released during dehydration suggests the importance of subducted serpentinites in the geochemical cycling of subduction zones.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Alexandra B. Nagurney, Mark J. Caddick, Richard D. Law, Nancy L. Ross, Seth C. Kruckenberg
Summary: Analysis of quartz grains and void spaces at grain boundaries in a plastically deformed and dynamically recrystallized Harkless quartzite sample reveals the presence of void spaces at quartz-quartz grain boundaries, with the distribution of these voids correlating with the crystallographic orientation of neighboring grains. Void spaces are more common along grain boundaries where the a-axis of quartz is normal to the boundary. This study suggests that the preexisting rock microstructure and crystal fabric play a significant role in controlling the development and distribution of porosity during exhumation processes.
JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Alexandra B. Nagurney, Mark J. Caddick, Besim Dragovic, Kristen Busse
Summary: The study demonstrates that overstepped reactions in garnet nucleation and growth are common in metamorphic processes. Nucleation and growth of garnet require a thermodynamic driving force or departure from equilibrium. The results also highlight the importance of considering multiple thermodynamic data sets and mineral phase abundance under different conditions.
AMERICAN MINERALOGIST
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Calvin A. Mako, Richard D. Law, Mark J. Caddick, Andrew Kylander-Clark, J. Ryan Thigpen, Kyle T. Ashley, Sarah E. Mazza, John Cottle
Summary: Accessory phase geochronology in the Northern Highlands Terrane of Scotland records multiple phases of metamorphism affecting Moine metasedimentary rocks, with isotopic resetting at around 750 Ma, 600 Ma, and 425 Ma. Fluid-mediated dissolution and reprecipitation of monazite and xenotime caused isotopic resetting at around 600 Ma and 425 Ma in the Sgurr Beag nappe. The contrasting metamorphic records of adjacent Sgurr Beag and Moine nappes suggest a widespread metamorphic event at around 600 Ma in northern Scotland, possibly linked to the breakup of Rodinia. These data highlight the sensitivity of reprecipitated monazite composition to metamorphic conditions during fluid alteration, aiding in understanding the evolution of polyphase metamorphic terranes.
PRECAMBRIAN RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alexandra B. Nagurney, Mark J. Caddick, David R. M. Pattison, F. Marc Michel
Summary: The study reveals that garnet crystals are preferentially nucleated on muscovite, leading to oriented relationships between the two minerals. These results highlight the importance of epitaxial nucleation in metamorphic processes and its implications for mineral crystallization and energetics of metamorphic reactions.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Jennifer S. Gorce, Mark J. Caddick, Ethan F. Baxter, Besim Dragovic, John C. Schumacher, Robert J. Bodnar, Jamie F. Kendall
Summary: Constraining the conditions and mechanisms of early exhumation within subduction zones is challenging, as individual rocks may not provide all necessary parameters. A study in Syros, Greece, using thermobarometric and geochronologic data from a single sample reveals distinct phases of garnet growth indicating evidence of initial exhumation of parts of the Cycladic Blueschist Unit.
GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS
(2021)
Article
Geology
Regiane Andrade Fumes, George Luiz Luvizotto, Renato Moraes, Pierre Lanari, Claudio de Morisson Valeriano, Thomas Zack, Mark J. Caddick, Luiz Sergio Amarante Simoes
Summary: By using a combination of in situ techniques, the study assesses the P-T-t path of high-pressure granulites from the Southern Brasilia Orogen. The results provide insights into the crystallization conditions and metamorphic history, indicating peak pressure occurred around 635 Ma with later retrograde conditions and cooling stages.
JOURNAL OF METAMORPHIC GEOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
J. Ryan Thigpen, Kyle T. Ashley, Calvin Mako, Richard D. Law, Brandon Spencer
Summary: The study investigates high prograde metamorphic heating rates and inverted metamorphic sequences in collisional thrust belts through 2D finite element models of crustal-scale thrusts. The models show that fault slip at typical plate velocities can generate high heating rates and produce inverted thermal gradients in the footwall. This implies that crustal-scale thrusts are likely to produce inverted metamorphic sequences in most systems.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Brandon M. Spencer, J. Ryan Thigpen, Sean F. Gallen, Jason M. Dortch, Kip Hodges, Richard D. Law, Calvin A. Mako
Summary: The study used finite-difference models to test the rapid erosion magnitude during denudation of the Scandian orogenic wedge in northern Scotland, finding that erosion alone is insufficient to explain the observed exhumation history. The presence of a transient geothermal gradient may have distorted previous erosion estimates.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2021)
Article
Geology
Alexandra B. Nagurney, Mark J. Caddick, Chris E. White
Summary: This study presents data on the pressure and temperature conditions experienced by metamorphic rocks in the Meguma Terrane of Nova Scotia, Canada. The results suggest that amphibolite facies metamorphism occurred during the Devonian Neoacadian orogeny, and the diffusion of aluminum was likely the rate-limiting step for garnet crystallization. The study also indicates that the nature of the orogeny is still not well understood and further research is needed to better understand it.
JOURNAL OF METAMORPHIC GEOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
J. Ryan Thigpen, David P. Moecher, Harold H. Stowell, Arthur Merschat, Robert D. Hatcher, Nicholas E. Powell, Brandon M. Spencer, Calvin A. Mako, Elizabeth M. Bollen, Andrew Kylander-Clark
Summary: The tectonometamorphic evolution of the southern Appalachians, specifically the Blue Ridge terranes, during the Paleozoic period has been studied. New monazite U-Pb geochronology and thermobarometric data, combined with existing geo- and thermochronology, provide insights into the thermal-metamorphic history of these terranes. The results suggest that the Barrovian metamorphic progression mapped across the Blue Ridge region is solely of Ordovician (Taconic) age.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Richard D. Law, J. Ryan Thigpen, Sarah E. Mazza, Calvin A. Mako, Maarten Krabbendam, Brandon M. Spencer, Kyle T. Ashley, Robin A. Strachan, Ella F. Davis
Summary: Moine metasedimentary rocks in northern Scotland exhibit clockwise-rotating patterns of mineral lineations, indicating a progressive change in the direction of tectonic transport during geological evolution. The domain of N-vergent shearing in the hinterland was at least 55 km wide before the formation of km-scale W-vergent folds. Different shearing directions occurred at different time points, possibly associated with geological tectonic activities.