Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Kay Sowoidnich, Sebastian Vogel, Martin Maiwald, Bernd Sumpf
Summary: The study focused on using shifted excitation Raman difference spectroscopy (SERDS) and partial least squares regression to predict soil organic matter content. Reliable results were achieved through analysis of 33 soil samples.
APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY
(2022)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Sara Mosca, Kay Sowoidnich, Megha Mehta, William H. Skinner, Benjamin Gardner, Francesca Palombo, Nicholas Stone, Pavel Matousek
Summary: In this work, we propose an advanced CCD read-out combined with SERDS for fast acquisition rates in Raman spectroscopy. The incorporation of a periodic mask and a smaller shift of charge on the CCD allowed for a 10-fold increase in acquisition speed compared to previous designs. The 10 kHz system outperformed earlier variants in different situations, enabling accurate data acquisition from moving samples and under varying ambient light conditions. The high-speed instrument has potential applications in disease diagnosis, accurate data acquisition, and monitoring rapidly evolving Raman signals.
APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY
(2023)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Kay Sowoidnich, Michael Towrie, Pavel Matousek
Summary: This paper presents a holistic approach to addressing the problems of fluorescence interference, sample heterogeneity, and laser-induced sample heating in Raman spectroscopy. Long wavelength shifted excitation Raman difference spectroscopy (SERDS) combined with wide-area illumination and sample rotation is successfully applied for the investigation of selected wood species. The results demonstrate that SERDS is effective in separating the Raman spectroscopic fingerprints of wood species from intense fluorescence interference, and sample rotation with wide-area illumination allows for representative SERDS spectra within a short time.
APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Nia C. Jenkins, Katjana Ehrlich, Andras Kufcsak, Stephanos Yerolatsitis, Susan Fernandes, Irene Young, Katie Hamilton, Harry A. C. Wood, Tom Quinn, Vikki Young, Ahsan R. Akram, James M. Stone, Robert R. Thomson, Keith Finlayson, Kevin Dhaliwal, Sohan Seth
Summary: Fiber-based Raman spectroscopy in vivo may be affected by background fluorescence, which can mask the weak Raman signals. A potential solution is shifted excitation Raman spectroscopy (SER), which computationally suppresses the fluorescence background based on the different responses of Raman and fluorescence spectra to excitation. We propose a method that effectively estimates the Raman and fluorescence spectra using their spectral characteristics and compare it with existing methods using real world datasets.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Spectroscopy
Kay Sowoidnich, Martin Maiwald, Markus Ostermann, Bernd Sumpf
Summary: Detailed knowledge about soil composition is crucial for various applications, and non-invasive optical techniques, specifically Raman spectroscopy, show promise due to their ability to provide a molecular fingerprint of soil components. By using shifted excitation Raman difference spectroscopy (SERDS), the issue of fluorescence interference inherent to soil can be effectively overcome, allowing for the identification of mineral soil constituents and discrimination of closely related molecular species.
JOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY
(2023)
Article
Spectroscopy
Hongpeng Wang, Yingjian Xin, Xiong Wan
Summary: This paper reports on the spectral characterization of porphyrins and terpenoids in different vegetable oils, classifying them using a PCA-SVM model. The study analyzed the effects of oil types and processing technology on spectral differences, finding that chlorophyll and β-carotene were the main contributors to the fingerprint information in the spectral techniques. Extra virgin olive oil obtained by physical cold pressing had the highest content of porphyrins and terpenoids, indicating the strongest activity.
SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
(2021)
Article
Spectroscopy
Kay Sowoidnich, Michael Oster, Klaus Wimmers, Martin Maiwald, Bernd Sumpf
Summary: The study demonstrates the potential of shifted excitation Raman difference spectroscopy (SERDS) for inspecting intact feed pellets and their constituents, with the ability to efficiently analyze various components and promising prospects for future development.
JOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
K. R. Ranaweera Ranaweera, Adam M. Gilmore, Dimitra L. Capone, Susan E. P. Bastian, David W. Jeffery
Summary: The study investigated the potential of using fluorescence data from A-TEEM technique and XGBDA classification for discrimination of wine geographical origin, demonstrating a high accuracy in wine authentication.
Article
Spectroscopy
Ling-yu Zhao, Guo-ping Wu, Yuan-zhao Wu
Summary: Shifted-excitation Raman difference spectroscopy (SERDS) has significant advantages in distinguishing illicit drug compounds in seized samples and eliminating fluorescence interference. Compared to ordinary Raman spectrometers, SERDS has a higher detection rate, while ordinary Raman spectrometers analyze the composition of multi-component mixed samples more accurately. The rational use of these two types of Raman spectrometers can complement each other in the rapid detection of seized drugs.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Leqian Hu, Yan Zhang, Ying Ju, Xiangru Meng, Chunling Yin
Summary: This study investigated the use of a weakly selective fluorescence probe combined with chemometrics for rice origin traceability and adulteration identification. The results showed that the 3D fluorescence data obtained from the reaction of the weakly selective probe with rice extracts could be used for identifying the origin and adulteration of rice.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Ksenija Radotic, Mira Stankovic, Dragana Bartolic, Maja Natic
Summary: Food is a complex matrix of various components, and new analytical methods are needed for quick and economic measurement of food quality and safety. Fluorescence spectroscopy is a simple and quick method to measure food quality without sample preprocessing. This review provides information on the principles of fluorescence measurements of food samples, advantages of this method, and its applications in screening various food types.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Jinyong Lin, Duo Lin, Sufang Qiu, Zufang Huang, Feng Liu, Wei Huang, Yuanji Xu, Xianzeng Znang, Shangyuan Feng
Summary: This study developed an endoscopic shifted-excitation Raman difference spectroscopy (SERDS) system for real-time in vivo detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) for the first time. By using SERDS method, high-quality Raman signals of nasopharyngeal tissue could be extracted and characterized from complex raw spectra by removing fluorescence interference signals. Significant spectral differences relating to proteins, phospholipids, glucose, and DNA were found between NPC and normal tissue sites. The diagnostic accuracy of SERDS for NPC detection was 100%, showing the great potential of SERDS for improving accurate in vivo detection of NPC.
Article
Spectroscopy
William Mbogning Feudjio, Gilbert Yvon Mbesse Kongbonga, Sagesse Bel Christ Kogniwali-Gredibert, Hassen Ghalila, Pale Wang-Yang, Youssef Majdi, Cyril Kenfack Assongo, Mama Nsangou
Summary: This study utilized PCA and PARAFAC combined with EEMF to determine the most efficient excitation wavelengths for engine lubricants, identify their fluorophores, classify them, and explore correlations between fluorescence and physical parameters. Results showed that excitation wavelengths of 300, 350, 400, 450, and 470 nm were efficient for engine lubricants, with fluorene and pyrene identified as significant fluorophores.
SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Tatevik Chalyan, Indy Magnus, Maria Konstantaki, Stavros Pissadakis, Zacharias Diamantakis, Hugo Thienpont, Heidi Ottevaere
Summary: This study examines noninvasive optical biosensing techniques for characterizing oak barrels used in wine aging, with the goal of developing a model to predict their lifespan without causing structural damage. Spectroscopic diagnostic techniques are used to assess chemical composition changes in the oakwood barrel and their relationship to repeated refills. Reflectance spectroscopy is found to be a valuable tool for characterizing oak barrels, with the most accurate classification performance achieved using a Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis model. These preliminary results show the potential for cost-effective and non-invasive biosensing techniques based on reflectance spectroscopy in assessing oak barrel quality.
Article
Spectroscopy
Mahendra K. Shukla, Philippa Wilkes, Norma Bargary, Katherine Meagher, Dikshitkumar Khamar, Donal Bailey, Sarah P. Hudson
Summary: Monoclonal antibodies are highly specific and effective therapies for chronic diseases. However, traditional identification methods for therapeutic proteins have limitations such as lengthy sample preparation, contamination risks, and sample destruction. In this study, Raman spectroscopy combined with chemometrics was used to develop a rapid and non-destructive identification technique for monoclonal antibody-based drug substances, demonstrating its potential in the biopharmaceutical industry.
SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jing Huang, Nairveen Ali, Elsie Quansah, Shuxia Guo, Michel Noutsias, Tobias Meyer-Zedler, Thomas Bocklitz, Juergen Popp, Ute Neugebauer, Anuradha Ramoji
Summary: This study utilized various vibrational spectroscopic techniques and fluorescence lifetime imaging method to investigate the distribution of biomolecules in dried plasma and serum samples. By studying samples from healthy donors and patients with cardiac-related diseases, it was found that there were variations in biomolecule distribution patterns during the drying process.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Spectroscopy
Christina Wichmann, Thomas Bocklitz, Petra Roesch, Juergen Popp
Summary: Raman spectroscopy has become an established method for studying medical, biological, or environmental samples. The concentration of CO2, which cannot be controlled, may have a significant impact on bacteria and bacterial composition in medical samples.
SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Dana Cialla-May, Christoph Krafft, Petra Roesch, Tanja Deckert-Gaudig, Torsten Frosch, Izabella J. Jahn, Susanne Pahlow, Clara Stiebing, Tobias Meyer-Zedler, Thomas Bocklitz, Iwan Schie, Volker Deckert, Juergen Popp
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elen Tolstik, Nairveen Ali, Shuxia Guo, Paul Ebersbach, Dorothe Moellmann, Paula Arias-Loza, Johann Dierks, Irina Schuler, Erik Freier, Joerg Debus, Hideo A. Baba, Peter Nordbeck, Thomas Bocklitz, Kristina Lorenz
Summary: Vibrational spectroscopy, particularly CARS imaging, shows promise in diagnosing diseases like Fabry disease by detecting biomolecular shifts. The combination of CARS and multivariate data analysis allows for reliable differentiation between disease and control groups.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Amir Nakar, Aikaterini Pistiki, Oleg Ryabchykov, Thomas Bocklitz, Petra Roesch, Juergen Popp
Summary: Raman spectroscopy was successfully used to differentiate different pathogens of the Enterobacteriaceae family, with UV-Resonance Raman spectroscopy outperforming 532 nm excitation in genus-level classification and achieving species-level classification for Klebsiella oxytoca for the first time.
JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS
(2022)
Article
Spectroscopy
Bjoern Lorenz, Shuxia Guo, Christoph Raab, Patrick Leisching, Thomas Bocklitz, Petra Roesch, Juergen Popp
Summary: Raman spectroscopy is a promising tool for bacterial identification, but background removal is crucial for conventional Raman spectroscopy. Shifted excitation Raman difference spectroscopy (SERDS) eliminates the background and shows potential for highly fluorescent samples. This study compares the advantages of SERDS and conventional Raman spectroscopy in the study and identification of bacteria, using spectra sets of four bacterial species.
JOURNAL OF RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kazi Sultana Farhana Azam, Oleg Ryabchykov, Thomas Bocklitz
Summary: This paper presents an overview of the advances in data fusion approaches in the medical and biomedical fields. The goal is to provide a more accurate description of a sample by combining data from multiple sources and minimizing the uncertainty of the results. The most prevalent combination is image-to-image fusion, and most data fusion approaches are applied together with deep learning or machine learning methods.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Rola Houhou, Elsie Quansah, Tobias Meyer-zedler, Michael Schmitt, Franziska Hoffmann, Orlando Guntinas-lichius, Juergen Popp, Thomas Bocklitz
Summary: Biophotonic multimodal imaging techniques are used to study biological samples, but the measurement time increases significantly for high-resolution images. Mathematical methods and artificial intelligence (AI) based approaches were compared in this research to shorten the acquisition time and improve data quality. The AI methods included transfer learning using the pre-trained network DnCNN and training networks using augmented images. Deep learning techniques showed potential in improving image quality and reducing acquisition time. The proposed network had a simpler architecture compared to similar-performing but highly parametrized networks.
BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Susanne Pahlow, Marie Richard-Lacroix, Franziska Hornung, Nilay Koese-Vogel, Thomas G. Mayerhoefer, Julian Hniopek, Oleg Ryabchykov, Thomas Bocklitz, Karina Weber, Ralf Ehricht, Bettina Loeffler, Stefanie Deinhardt-Emmer, Juergen Popp
Summary: We present a magnetic bead-based sample preparation method that allows for the differentiation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) positive and negative samples using Raman spectroscopy. The beads are functionalized with the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor protein, which selectively enriches SARS-CoV-2 on the bead surface. Raman measurements enable direct discrimination between SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative samples. This approach can also be applied to other virus species by exchanging the recognition element.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
J. Nicholas Taylor, Aurelien Pelissier, Kentaro Mochizuki, Kosuke Hashimoto, Yasuaki Kumamoto, Yoshinori Harada, Katsumasa Fujita, Thomas Bocklitz, Tamiki Komatsuzaki
Summary: Raman hyperspectral microscopy is a valuable tool in biological and biomedical imaging. However, contamination from extrinsic background significantly affects classification models. To mitigate this issue, researchers developed an extrinsic background correction method and demonstrated its use in combination with existing methods on Raman hyperspectral images.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Azadeh Mokari, Shuxia Guo, Thomas Bocklitz
Summary: Infrared spectroscopy is an important and widely used technology in the fields of biology, chemistry, and medicine. However, it is susceptible to interference factors such as scattering, reflection, and interference. Advanced data analysis methods are needed to remove these interferences and translate the spectral signals into useful biological/chemical information.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Abdul Halim Bhuiyan, Jean-Emmanuel Clement, Zannatul Ferdous, Kentaro Mochizuki, Koji Tabata, James Nicholas Taylor, Yasuaki Kumamoto, Yoshinori Harada, Thomas Bocklitz, Katsumasa Fujita, Tamiki Komatsuzaki
Summary: A line illumination Raman microscope is used to extract spatial and spectral information from samples faster than raster scanning microscopes. Non-uniform laser line illumination can introduce artifacts and lower the accuracy of machine learning models. To address this issue, a detrending scheme based on random forest regression and position-dependent wavenumber calibration is proposed, which significantly reduces artifacts and improves the differentiability of sample states.
Article
Spectroscopy
Sara Mostafapour, Thomas Doerfer, Ralf Heinke, Petra Rosch, Juergen Popp, Thomas Bocklitz
Summary: Raman reference libraries are useful for identifying components in unknown samples, but Raman spectra are sensitive to experimental conditions. This study evaluates different data pre-treatment methods to minimize spectral differences caused by different experimental conditions. The results show that the choice of pre-treatment method strongly affects the analysis results, improving prediction accuracy.
SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yi-Ju Chen, Gabriele Schmidl, Andrea Dellith, Annett Gawlik, Guobin Jia, Thomas Bocklitz, Xiaofei Wu, Jonathan Plentz, Jer-Shing Huang
Summary: Plasmonic nanoparticle arrays with specific lattice arrangement were optimized for various applications by combining nanosphere lithography (NSL) with thermal annealing or nanosecond-pulsed laser treatment to refine particle morphology and lattice arrangement. The effects of the two treatment methods on the particle morphology and lattice arrangement were comparatively studied. The differences in spectra observed can be attributed to the varying particle morphology, resulting in a significant change in localized surface plasmon resonance (SLR).
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yi-Ju Chen, Gabriele Schmidl, Andrea Dellith, Annett Gawlik, Guobin Jia, Thomas Bocklitz, Xiaofei Wu, Jonathan Plentz, Jer-Shing Huang
Summary: This work investigates the refinement effect of thermal annealing or ns-pulsed laser treatment methods on the morphology and optical responses of mono- and bi-metallic plasmonic honeycomb lattice prepared by nanosphere lithography.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Qian Wu, Li Tian, Xiangyu Shan, Huiling Li, Chao Li, Juan Lu
Summary: A novel ECL sensor was developed by modifying Fe3CuO4-Ru(bpy)3+ and GO-CdS@ZnS on the electrode for the detection of permethrin. The sensor exhibited high sensitivity and a wide detection range.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Tingting Gong, Lei Liao, Bingying Jiang, Ruo Yuan, Yun Xiang
Summary: In this study, a fluorescent biosensing system for high sensitivity detection of MT was established using a new Ag+-stabilized DNA triplex probe (Ag+-SDTP) combined with catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) and CRISPR/Cas12a signal enhancements. The sensing method is able to selectively detect MT from other non-specific molecules and can achieve low level detection of MT in diluted human serums, demonstrating its potential for monitoring disease-specific MT biomarker at trace levels.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Estrella Sanz Rodriguez, Kyra Wood, Paul R. Haddad, Brett Paull
Summary: This study presents a simple, rapid, and reliable method for determining boron in aqueous solutions using suppressed ion chromatography coupled to electrospray ionisation-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. The method achieved a low limit of detection and demonstrated excellent analytical performance.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Aline Cournut, Paul Moustiez, Yannick Coffinier, Christine Enjalbal, Claudia Bich
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is a major cause of senile dementia and is characterized by the aggregation of neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques in the brain. The A beta 1-42 peptide is considered the primary cause of neurotoxicity due to its insolubility and subsequent aggregation. A beta 1-42 and A beta 1-40 have been identified as relevant biomarkers for AD diagnosis, and SurfaceAssisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry (SALDI-MS) was used to monitor the A beta 1-42/A beta 1-40 ratio without prior sample treatment.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Dotse Selali Chormey, Buse Tugba Zaman, Tulay Borahan Kustanto, Sezin Erarpat Bodur, Suleyman Bodur, Elif Ozturk Er, Sezgin Bakirdere
Summary: This review provides an overview of the harmful effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on human health and introduces the methods for analyzing EDCs. Recent research has focused on using green chemicals, such as deep eutectic solvents (DESs), for microextraction to ensure environmental safety.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Yan Zhang, Renfeng Xu, Jingjing Wu, Zhenghong Zhang, Yuhuang Wang, Hongqin Yang, Sheng Zhang
Summary: This study visualized the pore-like structures in prostate cancer cell membranes after treatment with the anticancer drug paclitaxel, demonstrating its mechanism of action related to oxidative damage.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Chihong Ma, Qin Zhou, Jinjin Shi, Hua Gao, Di Huang, Huimin Xue, Han Wang, Zhenzhong Zhang, Sen Yang, Junli Zhang, Kaixiang Zhang
Summary: We developed a CRISPR-empowered electrochemical biosensor, named PER-E-CRISPR, for amplification-free and sensitive detection of miR-21. The biosensor combines the advantages of CRISPR/Cas13a and primer exchange reaction (PER) for target amplification. Under optimized conditions, the PER-E-CRISPR assay exhibits a linear range from 10-13 to 10-7 M and a limit of detection of 30.2 fM. The biosensor shows excellent performance in actual plasma, indicating promising prospects for miRNA detection in molecular diagnosis.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Gang Liang, Jie Zhao, Yufei Gao, Tao Xie, Jianhui Zhen, Ligang Pan, Wenwen Gong
Summary: Molecular docking (MD) analysis is widely used for studying the interaction between aptamers and small molecules. This study established steady-state aptamers of tertiary structures (SATS) using specific aptamers of tetracycline antibiotics as docking models. Molecular docking results revealed multiple binding sites in the SATS of aptamers, with significant variations in binding free energy (BFE) and docking score (DS). The study also proposed a method for MD analysis based on SATS, providing insights into binding mode and predicting binding sites.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Yixuan Xu, Changchang Teng, Huiping Dang, Dalong Yin, Lifeng Yan
Summary: Stable organic radical molecules with high NIR fluorescence quantum efficiency have been synthesized and encapsulated into nanoparticles, which show great potential for both photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) of tumors.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Yu Su, Dandan Yang, Yanjie Wang, Jie Ding, Lan Ding, Daqian Song
Summary: In this study, a highly selective molecularly imprinted polymer Cu-MIPs@CS was designed and synthesized for bisphenol A (BPA). Cu-MIPs@CS showed significantly enhanced imprinting factor and selective factor towards BPA compared to MIPs@CS. It also exhibited superior discrimination ability between BPA and its structural analogue. Additionally, Cu-MIPs@CS were successfully applied as a solid phase extraction adsorbent for the determination of BPA in drinking water samples.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Yi Qiao, Qiongdan Zhang, Yukun He, Tianguang Cheng, Jing Tu
Summary: Single cell heterogeneity plays an important role in many biological phenomena, and distinguishing cells with specific mutations is beneficial for clinical diagnosis and drug screening. This study introduces a gel plate platform that can distinguish cell types based on their phenotypes, with low equipment requirement. The gel platform has potential in point-of-care circumstances and single-cell stimulation responses that prioritize efficiency and simplicity.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Chengke Wang, Shuyang Sun, Ping Wang, Huawei Zhao, Wenling Li
Summary: The food safety of aquatic products is a global concern. Nanotechnology-based analyses have advantages in the detection of bacteria, metal ions, and small molecule contaminants. This review summarizes the recent advances in biosensing strategies for aquatic products and highlights the application of nanomaterials, lateral flow-based biosensors, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, microfluidic chips, and molecular imprinting technologies.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Liping Zhu, Zeng Tang, Xuemei Zhang, Li Zhu, Tian Meng, Linying Yu, Ting Xiao, Shasha Lu, Xiaoli Xiong, Xiurong Yang
Summary: A sensitive off-on electrochemiluminescence DNA sensor was developed using Exo III-assisted cascade amplification system. The sensor achieved high selectivity and ultra-high sensitivity in detecting target DNA by utilizing ECL and SPR effects. This study provides a new perspective for designing highly sensitive and programmable ECL biosensors.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Tong Li, Mengxu Sun, Suping Xia, Ting Huang, Rong-Tian Li, Chunrong Li, Zong Dai, Jin-Xiang Chen, Jun Chen, Nuan Jia
Summary: Here, we developed a binary system based on DNA tetrahedron and fluorogenic RNA aptamers for highly specific and label-free mRNA imaging in living cells. This system achieved high specificity label-free detection of nucleic acids with a detection limit of 1.34 nM. The method has potential applications in early disease diagnosis and new drug development.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Yao Zhao, Shu Zhang, Wang Yao, Yuxuan Zhu, Jing Qian, Juan Yang, Nianjun Yang
Summary: A new hierarchical nanostructured composite with high conductivity and catalytic activity is synthesized. The sensor exhibits significant catalytic effect and high sensitivity for monitoring the environmental endocrine disruptor bisphenol A (BPA).