Article
Engineering, Civil
Mohammad Tabarroki, Jianye Ching, Chia-Pei Lin, Jin-Jia Liou, Kok-Kwang Phoon
Summary: This study extends the pseudo incremental energy (PIE) method, developing a new PIE procedure to address known issues and verifying its applicability to a wide range of geotechnical problems. Additionally, the method is extended to problems with layered soils and implemented in a real case study of a rigid footing, demonstrating its effectiveness in matching results at a lower cost compared to random finite element analysis (RFEA).
Article
Engineering, Civil
Fuyong Chen, Wengang Zhang
Summary: This study investigated the compressive responses of spatially variable rock pillars with three-dimensional random fields, finding that the spatial variability of rock mass properties significantly influences the uniaxial compressive strength and Young's modulus of rock pillar.
ASCE-ASME JOURNAL OF RISK AND UNCERTAINTY IN ENGINEERING SYSTEMS PART A-CIVIL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
K. Krishnan, Debarghya Chakraborty
Summary: This paper explores the influence of dynamic behavior under earthquake loading and soil heterogeneity on the bearing capacity of strip footing. The analysis uses a finite element lower bound limit analysis formulation with Monte Carlo Simulation technique. Results show that even with a high factor of safety, structures may still fail and the dynamic effect of seismic waves can alter the failure mode.
COMPUTERS AND GEOTECHNICS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Hongjie Fang, Yingxiong Wu, Chuanxiang Qu, Youhan Lin
Summary: The amplification of seismic waves due to surface topography and subsurface soils is a significant factor in seismic site amplification and damage. This study uses a random finite element method (RFEM) to investigate the amplification of ground acceleration in 2D slope models considering the spatial variability of soil properties, and provides comprehensive insights through analysis of various amplification indicators.
STOCHASTIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND RISK ASSESSMENT
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Bin Gao, Guanlin Ye, Qi Zhang, Wenxuan Zhu, Lulu Zhang
Summary: This study investigates the seismic response of laterally-loaded suction bucket foundations in random soil using an advanced constitutive model and FE-FD method. The seismic responses are described using Monte Carlo simulation and FE-FD method, and statistics of tilt and liquefaction potential index are investigated. It is found that the underestimation of tilt and liquefaction can be avoided by considering the spatial variability of soil.
COMPUTERS AND GEOTECHNICS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Shijie Zhai, Guangyin Du, Zhongxun Zhuang, Changhui Gao, Chuanle Wang
Summary: Using the resonance compaction method (RCM), energy is transferred to non-cohesive soil and reduces liquefaction. This study investigates the changes in spatial variability of soil due to RCM and how it affects soil bearing capacity.
ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Shengmin Luo, Daeyoung Kim, Yongkang Wu, Yucheng Li, Dongfang Wang, Jinliang Song, Don J. DeGroot, Guoping Zhang
Summary: This study presents a new phenomenon of upscaling rock properties using big data nanoindentation and Gaussian mixture modeling, analyzing the mechanical properties of different rocks at various scales. The depth-dependent transition and progressive merging and homogenization of mechanical properties reveal the micromechanics of nanoindentation on a heterogeneous composite, providing insights into rock microstructure and indentation surround effects.
ROCK MECHANICS AND ROCK ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Guotao Ma, Mohammad Rezania, Mohaddeseh Mousavi Nezhad
Summary: This paper proposes a stochastic method for analyzing the runout distance of sand collapse considering the spatial variability of shear strength. The method integrates random field theory and generalized interpolation material point method, and uses a Monte-Carlo simulation basis. The results show that deterministic analysis may underestimate the runout distance, while a heterogeneous model provides more realistic results. The uncertainty of the runout distance increases with the increase in the coefficient of variation of friction angle.
TRANSPORTATION GEOTECHNICS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Geological
E. El Haber, C. Cornou, D. Jongmans, F. Lopez-Caballero, D. Youssef Abdelmassih, T. Al-Bittar
Summary: This study investigated the impact of spatial incoherence of ground motion during earthquakes on engineering structures, showing that heterogeneities in the soil layer significantly affect the lagged coherency of surface ground motion. Numerical experiments demonstrated seismic waves scattering and surface waves diffraction due to ground heterogeneities, with coherency controlled by the coefficient of variation of shear-wave velocity.
SOIL DYNAMICS AND EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Yubing Wang, Shuang Shu, Yongxin Wu
Summary: The study revealed that a larger COV of the soil shear modulus was associated with a slower reduction of liquefaction area and a lower EPWP ratio. A deterministic model test showed that the differential settlement was influenced by COV and horizontal SOF.
JOURNAL OF EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Takafumi Aizawa
Summary: The Carbon dioxide (CO2)-assisted polymer compression method is used to plasticize and crimp polymer fibers. The degree of plasticization is crucial for this method. In this study, heat treatment was applied to obtain fibers with different degrees of crystallinity. The compression degree and hardness were compared using two types of sheets. The Young's modulus of porous polymers in the presence of CO2 varies significantly with slight differences in crystallinity, highlighting the importance of low crystallinity for polymer plasticization by CO2.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Ersin Arel, Ahmet Can Mert
Summary: This paper discusses settlement analysis of a vertically loaded strip footing using 2D random field finite element method. Elasto-plastic solution and deformation modulus of soil were considered with spatial variability, and CPTu database and Monte Carlo simulations were utilized.
PROBABILISTIC ENGINEERING MECHANICS
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Stylianos Vasileios Kontomaris, Andreas Stylianou, Georgios Chliveros, Anna Malamou
Summary: Measuring the mechanical properties of biological samples at the nanoscale using AFM has opened up new possibilities in studying and detecting various diseases at early stages. It is believed that AFM techniques will play a central role in disease diagnosis and modeling in the future, using rigorous mathematical criteria for automated and user-independent diagnosis.
Article
Engineering, Marine
Yu -Min Shi, Ning Wang, Fu-Ping Gao
Summary: The spatial variability of seabed sediments can cause uncertainty in global buckling predictions of HPHT pipelines due to complex geological processes and depositional environments. A stochastic finite element model is used to predict lateral buckling of pipelines considering the spatial variability of seabed sediments. Monte Carlo simulations show that the mean values of critical temperature rise for triggering lateral buckling are generally larger than deterministic predictions on spatially varied seabeds. The buckling probability significantly increases as the horizontal scale of fluctuation increases, reaching up to about 50% for large values or even infinity.
Article
Polymer Science
Mostafa Katouzian, Sorin Vlase
Summary: The homogenization theory is utilized to analyze the creep behavior of composite materials reinforced with fibers, predict time response under load using mechanical constants. Experimental results show good agreement with theoretical predictions.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Jianye Ching, Zhiyong Yang, Kok-Kwang Phoon
Summary: The study introduces a probabilistic site characterization method, enhancing the original SBL method to accommodate the more common nonlattice data while maintaining computational efficiency.
JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MECHANICS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Geological
T. Lansivaara, K. K. Phoon, J. Ching
Summary: The choice of characteristic values in civil and geotechnical engineering is crucial, requiring a balance between statistical, mechanistic, and practical considerations to avoid overly simplistic approaches leading to unsafe designs. Engineers need to increase the value of data in decision-making to push the industry towards a more digital economy.
GEORISK-ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF RISK FOR ENGINEERED SYSTEMS AND GEOHAZARDS
(2022)
Editorial Material
Engineering, Geological
Yu Wang, Wengang Zhang, Xiaohui Qi, Jianye Ching
GEORISK-ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF RISK FOR ENGINEERED SYSTEMS AND GEOHAZARDS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Jianye Ching, Kok-Kwang Phoon, Zhiyong Yang, Armin W. Stuedlein
Summary: This paper introduces an improved data-driven method for constructing a multivariate probability density function model for soil properties, extending the consideration of spatial variability. By adopting a hierarchical Bayesian model to learn cross-correlation among soil parameters in a soil database, a quasi-site-specific model is proposed.
GEORISK-ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF RISK FOR ENGINEERED SYSTEMS AND GEOHAZARDS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Kok-Kwang Phoon, Takayuki Shuku, Jianye Ching, Ikumasa Yoshida
Summary: This paper proposes eight benchmark examples and a benchmarking procedure for data-driven site characterization (DDSC) in geotechnical engineering, aiming to facilitate unbiased evaluation of emerging machine learning methods. The primary goal of DDSC is to apply a data-first agenda to real engineering projects by producing a 3D stratigraphic map and estimating engineering properties based on site investigation data.
GEORISK-ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF RISK FOR ENGINEERED SYSTEMS AND GEOHAZARDS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Kok-Kwang Phoon, Zi-Jun Cao, Zhongqiang Liu, Jianye Ching
Summary: The ISSMGE TC309/TC304/TC222 Third Machine Learning in Geotechnics Dialogue discussed the potential and impact of digital transformation in the field of geotechnical engineering. Although the application of digital technologies is still in its infancy, greater collaboration and education can drive the progress of the industry.
GEORISK-ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF RISK FOR ENGINEERED SYSTEMS AND GEOHAZARDS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Atma Sharma, Jianye Ching, Kok-Kwang Phoon
Summary: This paper proposes a novel Bayesian similarity measure for extracting similar geotechnical sites from a database. The method allows for a more explainable interpretation of similarity and enables engineers to accept or reject similar sites based on their experiences and judgment.
JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING MECHANICS
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Ikumasa Yoshida, Yukihisa Tomizawa, Jianye Ching
Summary: This paper proposes a method to overcome the limitations in implementing the Kronecker-product (KP) formulation, specifically considering observation noise and nonlattice data. The method provides analytical solutions that are consistent with results without the KP formula. Numerical simulations confirm the reduction in computational cost achieved by using the KP formulation.
COMPUTERS AND GEOTECHNICS
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Geological
Marcin Chwala, Kok-Kwang Phoon, Marco Uzielli, Jie Zhang, Limin Zhang, Jianye Ching
Summary: This paper reviews the historical developments of geotechnical risk and reliability over the past six decades, highlighting the natural origin of the ground and the lack of sufficient data as key features in geotechnical engineering. It proposes methods like random field theory and compilation of databases to address these issues. The paper emphasizes the importance of reliability-based design as probabilistic methods offer a pathway to tackle big data and implement data-centric geotechnics.
GEORISK-ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF RISK FOR ENGINEERED SYSTEMS AND GEOHAZARDS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Yu Lei, Jinsong Huang, Yifei Cui, Shui-Hua Jiang, Shengnan Wu, Jianye Ching
Summary: Landslides, a common mountain hazard, have the potential to cause significant casualties and economic losses. Effective management of landslide risks requires an understanding of their mechanisms and a quantification of associated risks. This article reviews two types of landslide risk assessments, namely hard and soft approaches, which focus on the mechanics and consequences of individual landslides and the quantification of hazard and vulnerability. It is hoped that this article will serve as a reference for future studies in landslide risk assessments.
GEORISK-ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF RISK FOR ENGINEERED SYSTEMS AND GEOHAZARDS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Kok-Kwang Phoon, Takayuki Shuku, Jianye Ching, Ikumasa Yoshida
ASCE-ASME JOURNAL OF RISK AND UNCERTAINTY IN ENGINEERING SYSTEMS PART A-CIVIL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Jianye Ching, Ikumasa Yoshida
Summary: This paper benchmarks two data-driven site characterization methods, the sparse Bayesian learning (SBL) method and the Gaussian process regression (GPR) method, using virtual ground examples and a real ground example of cone penetration test (CPT) data. The SBL method produces a simple trend model by adopting sparse basis functions, while the GPR method produces a simple trend model by adopting a kernel function governed by few hyperparameters. The accuracy of the two methods in predicting the cone tip resistance (qt) and identifying soil layers is evaluated and compared, with the GPR method generally outperforming the SBL method. Further accuracy improvement for the GPR method can be achieved through clustering analysis based on the Robertson's soil behavior index (Ic).
ASCE-ASME JOURNAL OF RISK AND UNCERTAINTY IN ENGINEERING SYSTEMS PART A-CIVIL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Proceedings Paper
Construction & Building Technology
Kok-Kwang Phoon, Jianye Ching
Summary: One challenge in geotechnical engineering is the quantification of site uniqueness, as there is currently no data-driven method to do so. This means that similar sites cannot be automatically identified from big indirect data (BID), and there is no way to combine sparse site-specific data with BID to create a more accurate and less biased model. This paper presents four methods that address this challenge and construct a quasi-site-specific transformation model between undrained shear strength and normalized cone tip resistance, including hybridization, hierarchical Bayesian model, record similarity method, and site similarity method. These similarity methods provide explicit lists of similar sites for inspection.
5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN SOIL MECHANICS AND GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING, ZM 2022
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Kok-Kwang Phoon, Jianye Ching, Takayuki Shuku
Summary: Data-driven site characterisation, relying solely on measured data for site description, is crucial for industries undergoing rapid digital transformation. Challenges include data quality, accuracy, and practicality in application.
GEORISK-ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF RISK FOR ENGINEERED SYSTEMS AND GEOHAZARDS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Mohammad Tabarroki, Jianye Ching, Kok-Kwang Phoon, Ying-Zhong Chen
Summary: Spatial variability in soil shear strength affects the occurrence of the ultimate limit state through spatial averaging and weak-zone seeking. This paper calibrates the weakest-path model to capture both effects and proposes a simplified formula to determine a mobilisation-based characteristic value.
GEORISK-ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT OF RISK FOR ENGINEERED SYSTEMS AND GEOHAZARDS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
A. R. Ibrahim, D. A. Makhloof
Summary: The unavoidable heterogeneity in the mechanical characteristics of concrete is crucial to consider in the design of high-rise buildings. This study investigates the spatial variability of material properties and proposes a framework to capture the stochastic response and assess the reliability of structural components. The results demonstrate the importance of accounting for material uncertainty in ensuring the safety of high-rise buildings.
Article
Engineering, Civil
Zhiqiang Wan
Summary: This paper emphasizes the importance of global sensitivity analysis for stochastic dynamical systems with multiple uncertain parameters and proposes a global sensitivity index suitable for this purpose. The research findings demonstrate that the proposed approach exhibits high efficiency and accuracy.
Article
Engineering, Civil
Max Ehre, Iason Papaioannou, Daniel Straub
Summary: Reliability sensitivity analysis is a method to measure the influence of uncertain input parameters on the probability of failure in a system. Statistically dependent inputs pose challenges in computing and interpreting sensitivity indices. This study introduces a separation of effects between the probabilistic model and computational model to compute the independent and full contributions of all inputs. By using hierarchically structured isoprobabilistic transformations, the full set of variance-based sensitivity indices can be computed with a single set of failure samples obtained from a rare event estimation method.
Article
Engineering, Civil
Ze Yuan, Quanwang Li, Kefei Li
Summary: This paper proposes a method to determine a measurement plan for durability assessment of concrete structures, by calibrating the models using Bayesian updating and linear fitting in order to achieve the required accuracy. The paper establishes probabilistic time-dependent models for surface chloride concentration and chloride diffusion coefficient, and discusses the key factors affecting the accuracy of the models.
Article
Engineering, Civil
Ziqi Wang
Summary: This study addresses the fundamental limitation of equivalent linearization methods in nonlinear random vibration analysis, proposing a method to construct an estimator that converges on the nonlinear system solution using a limited number of nonlinear system simulations and optimizing the equivalent linear system to approach the nonlinear system solution quickly, especially for rare event probabilities.
Article
Engineering, Civil
Min Li, Srinivasan Arunachalam, Seymour M. J. Spence
Summary: This paper presents a multi-fidelity approach for computing small failure probabilities in engineering systems. By integrating information from different levels of model fidelity, the required number of high-fidelity model runs is reduced while maintaining accuracy in estimating failure probabilities.
Article
Engineering, Civil
Aritra Chatterjee, Trisha Chakravorty, Baidurya Bhattacharya
Summary: This paper presents a methodology to determine the system reliability of commonly used steel moment connections that have been designed according to current element based procedures. A general expression is derived to modify element resistance factors and meet specified system reliability targets.
Article
Engineering, Civil
Yuanqin Tao, Kok-Kwang Phoon, Honglei Sun, Jianye Ching
Summary: This study derives theoretical and approximate variance reduction functions (VRFs) for a potential inclined slip line in a spatially variable soil. The study investigates one-dimensional (1D) VRFs and proposes approximate VRFs for the one-dimensional Whittle-Mate 'rn (WM) model and the one-dimensional cosine Whittle-Mate 'rn (CosWM) model. The paper also derives theoretical scales of fluctuation and VRFs for commonly used two-dimensional autocorrelation models and proposes general approximations for the VRF over an inclined line.
Article
Engineering, Civil
Amir H. Khodabakhsh, Seid H. Pourtakdoust
Summary: The Fokker-Plank-Kolmogorov (FPK) equation is a crucial model for understanding and improving the performance of engineering systems. However, its solution is challenging due to its high dimensionality. This study introduces FPK-DP Net, a physics-informed network that can effectively solve high-dimensional FPK equations and demonstrates its applicability and accuracy through numerical implementations on benchmark problems.
Article
Engineering, Civil
Wouter Jan Klerk, Vera van Bergeijk, Wim Kanning, Rogier Wolfert, Matthijs Kok
Summary: This paper examines the reliability of flood defence systems under shock-based degradation and compares different maintenance concepts. The results show that the current maintenance concept fails to meet the reliability requirements for revetment failure. Additional inspections and targeted interventions can significantly reduce total cost and improve the robustness of flood defence systems.
Article
Engineering, Civil
Xuejing Wang, Xin Ruan, Joan R. Casas, Mingyang Zhang
Summary: This paper proposes a probabilistic Gaussian mixture model for simulating heavy vehicle scenarios on long-span bridges under free-flow conditions. The study utilizes a non-stationary Poisson process to simulate the uneven occurrence of heavy vehicles in different lanes, considering the correlation of gross vehicle weights within close range. The results show that the correlation and stationarity of vehicle distribution location significantly affect the structural responses.
Article
Engineering, Civil
Jianhua Xian, Ziqi Wang
Summary: This study presents an importance sampling formulation based on adaptively relaxing parameters, providing a unified framework for various existing variance reduction techniques and laying the foundation for creating new importance sampling strategies. It proposes two importance sampling strategies for low-dimensional and high-dimensional problems, which are crucial for fragility analysis in performance-based engineering.
Article
Engineering, Civil
Chi Xu, Jun Chen, Jie Li
Summary: This study proposes a new algorithm to determine the probability distributions of the live load duration and compares the results with Monte Carlo simulation. The algorithm allows the exact determination of design live loads based on a predefined exceeding probability, providing guidance for engineering design.
Article
Engineering, Civil
Hongyuan Guo, You Dong, Emilio Bastidas-Arteaga
Summary: This paper presents a general reliability assessment framework for RC structures based on a Mixed Bayesian network, taking into account environmental parameters, chloride transport, and concrete crack inspection. The case study reveals that early detection of large cracks may lead to an overestimation of failure probability by about 500%.
Article
Engineering, Civil
Changle Peng, Cheng Chen, Tong Guo, Weijie Xu
Summary: Reliability Analysis (RA) is critical in structural design and performance evaluation. This study proposes a novel learning function, SEUR, for surrogate model-assisted RA to improve efficiency and accuracy. The SEUR function is demonstrated to be more effective and efficient in dealing with nonlinear problems, small probabilities, and complex limit states.